Khrunichev cog: keeb kwm, khoom, chaw nyob

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub Khrunichev cog yog lub tuam txhab ua lag luam aerospace nrog keeb kwm ntev ib puas xyoo. Nws tsim thawj lub tsheb neeg nrog caij tsheb "Russo-B alt", armored tsheb, pej xeem thiab tub rog aircraft. Txij li thaum xyoo 60s, lub tuam txhab tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw siv tshuab.

Tsheb thib ob

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau cim los ntawm kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov tsheb uas siv tus kheej. Thaum xub thawj, cov tsheb tau raug xa mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis. Tom qab ntawd, thawj cov nroj tsuag rau kev tsim cov tsheb nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv raws li Russo-B alt hom tau qhib hauv Riga. Moscow tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tsheb hauv tsev tom ntej. Cov nroj tsuag Khrunichev taug qab nws cov keeb kwm rov qab mus rau xyoo 1916, thaum kev tsim kho ntawm Thib Ob Russo-B alt Automobile Plant pib hauv Fili.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tswv lag luam. Lub tuam txhab tau muab lub tebchaws thiab ua tiav los ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab. Xyoo 1921, cov nroj tsuag tau hloov npe hu ua 1st Armored Plant thiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm Armored Directorate ntawm Red Army. Ib xyoos tom qab, thawj 5 lub tsheb tau tsav ntawm lub rooj sib txoos pem hauv ntej ntawm Kremlinkev taw qhia.

dav hlau thawj

Oddly txaus, qhov pib ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam yog vim li cas rau nws rov ua dua. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua los ntawm nws lub peev xwm - tag nrho cov hlau dav hlau. Txij li thaum tsis muaj tsev kawm tsim qauv hauv tsev hauv cov lus qhia no, Khrunichev cog hauv xyoo 1923 raug xa mus rau kev cog lus ntawm German tuam txhab Junkers. Cov qauv tseem ceeb yog Yu-20 lub teeb dav hlau hauv kev thauj mus los thiab kev tshawb nrhiav.

Xyoo 1925, kev lag luam, rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov rog pej xeem, twb ua rau nws tsim tau lub dav hlau ntawm nws tus kheej. Daim ntawv cog lus nrog Junkers raug muab tso tseg, thiab nyob rau hauv 1927 lub tuam txhab tau reorganized rau hauv cov nroj tsuag No. 7 (me ntsis tom qab - nyob rau hauv No. 22 muaj npe tom qab lub 10th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj). Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nroj tsuag Khrunichev nyob rau hauv Moscow tau los ua tus tshaj plaws aircraft chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, kev cob qhia tshiab tau tsim, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog tau raug cob qhia.

Nkauj

Ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, lub tuam txhab tsim ntau yam khoom siv dav hlau. Thawj-yug yog ib lub dav hlau nrhiav txhua yam hlau tsim los ntawm Tupolev R-3 (ANT-3). Los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1929, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim 79 lub tsheb. Txij li thaum xyoo 1928, I-4 (ANT-5) ib-thiab-ib-ib-nrab-tis tis tub rog thiab TB-1 (ANT-4) cov tub rog hnyav hauv chav kawm, tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tau sib sau ua ke. Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1932, TB-3 (ANT-6) lub foob pob hnyav tau coj mus rau saum ntuj.

Lub North Ncej tau tshawb fawb thawj zaug ntawm lub dav hlau R-6 (qhov txo qis ntawm TB-1) ua ntej tsaws ntawm Papanin txoj kev ntoj ke mus kawm. Thaum kawgNyob rau xyoo 1930, lub hauv ntej-kab high-speed bomber SB (ANT-40) tau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws, 5695 units tau tsim. Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, tus qauv ua tau zoo ntawm Pe-2 dive bomber tau tsim.

Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, Khrunichev cog tau hloov mus kho lub dav hlau puas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus tsim qauv zoo Ilyushin tau tsim lub Il-4 (DB-3F), uas tau los ua tus foob pob loj thiab torpedo foob pob. Xyoo 1942, Tupolev tsim Tu-2, uas tau los ua tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, 1700 lub tsheb raug tsim tawm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1946, cov nroj tsuag tau qhia kom ua tus tsim ntawm Tupolev Tu-12 thiab Tu-14 jet bombers. Txij li thaum 1949, lub tswv yim dav hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Ntawm lawv:

• Flying Fortress Tu-4 (1950);
• M-4 nuclear foob pob (1953);
• 3M (kev hloov kho ntawm M-4 nrog txhim kho lub cev muaj zog) (1956);
• plaub lub dav hlau dav hlau foob pob M-50A (1959).

Rocket science

Kev xa tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas nyob rau xyoo 60s ntawm intercontinental ballistic missiles (ntau dua 900 launchers) ntawm Titan-1, Titan-2 thiab Minuteman-1 hom, muaj peev xwm xa cov nqi hluav taws xob rau thaj tsam ntawm USSR, yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1963, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim kho ICBMs UR-100 tsim los ntawm Chelomey V. N. ntawm lub hoobkas. M. V. Khrunichev hauv Fili.

Lub UR-100 missile system embodies ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshiab scientific, technical thiab tsimkev txiav txim siab thiab hauv xyoo 1967 tau txais yuav. Hauv qee lub xyoo, tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm UR-100 ICBMs thiab nws cov kev hloov kho hauv pawg Strategic Missile Forces tau mus txog 1000 units.

Rokot

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo 90s, yuav tsum tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov nroj tsuag Khrunichev tau tso siab rau kev tsim cov neeg nqa khoom rau kev tsim lub dav hlau ua lag luam uas siv RS-18 cov phiaj xwm ballistic missiles, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj.

Lub chaw tso tawm rau lub tsheb tshiab, hu ua "Rokot", tau npaj tsim los tsim ntawm Plesetsk cosmodrome. Cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov chaw tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuab thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim tawm nrog kev hloov kho me me.

Hnub no

Lub Khrunichev cog yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, uas suav nrog ntau lub chaw tsim khoom thiab chaw lag luam chaw lag luam. Launch tsheb ntawm chav kawm Proton tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntau qhov kev cog lus tseem tab tom tsim tawm ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Angara tsev neeg ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws hnyav. Cov nroj tsuag kuj sib sau ua ke ntau lub dav hlau (SC), koom nrog hauv cov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb. Ntawm lawv:

• Monitor-E tej thaj chaw deb sensing satellite;
• kev sib txuas lus me me "Kazsat";
• sib koom chaw platform Yacht;
• KA "Express";
• Nimik telecommunication spacecraft;
• Iridium kev sib txuas lus;
• theem siab rau Indiankoom tes 12KRB;
• ib feem ntawm KSLV-1 missile system rau South Kauslim.

Ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig phooj ywg Baiterek foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Cov nroj tsuag Khrunichev muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv qab no: Moscow, 121087, Novozavodskaya txoj kev, 18.