Gantt daim duab yog koj tus pab npaj. Daim duab Gantt yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib qho?
Gantt daim duab yog koj tus pab npaj. Daim duab Gantt yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib qho?

Video: Gantt daim duab yog koj tus pab npaj. Daim duab Gantt yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib qho?

Video: Gantt daim duab yog koj tus pab npaj. Daim duab Gantt yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib qho?
Video: Plab Plab Ntswg..(Pluav Pluav Ntswg) Maiv Twm New Song 2023-2024 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Gantt Chart yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej nrov tshaj plaws rau kev pom kev pom lub sijhawm hauv kev tswj hwm qhov project.

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Gantt daim ntawv yog tsim los qhia txog cov theem sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam me thiab nruab nrab. Visually, nws yog ib qho yooj yim txheej ntawm strips muaj ob lub ntsiab axes: rooj plaub thiab lub sijhawm. Txhua lub sijhawm tau muab ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum ua kom tiav.

Ntawm daim duab, ntxiv rau cov blocks tseem ceeb, tej zaum yuav muaj ib kem tshwj xeeb ntxiv uas qhia txog feem pua ntawm kev ua tiav. Cov cim tshwj xeeb - cov cim tseem ceeb - yog siv los qhia txog ob lossis ntau txoj haujlwm thiab ua kom pom qhov ua tiav ntawm lawv qhov kev siv.

Daim ntawv Gantt yog ib hom qauv hauv kev tswj xyuas qhov project, vim nws yog nrog nws cov kev pab uas nws ua tau kom meej meej qhia cov qauv ntawm kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov project theem.

gantt daim ntawv qhia
gantt daim ntawv qhia

Gantt daim duab yog dab tsi?

Muab hais tias cov neeg feem coob yog qhov muag pom, daim duab qhia lub sijhawm los daws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm seb yuav ua haujlwm li cas, cov peev txheej twg los siv hauv cov txheej txheem thiab nrogceev npaum li cas los ua tej yam hauj lwm. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv compressed, tsis tas siv cov lus tsis meej pem thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus, yam tsis muaj kev zam, cov neeg koom tes ua haujlwm.

Siv daim ntawv qhia ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm me me thiab ua kom nws ua tau kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm txhua lub sijhawm.

Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj kab ntawv

Thawj daim ntawv qhia tau tsim thiab sim los ntawm Henry L. Gant thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau raug ntiav los tswj kev tsim cov nkoj los siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb tso cai rau nws los tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus engineers, tswj kev ua tiav cov haujlwm raws sijhawm. Gant pib ncaj qha los ntawm kev teev tag nrho cov haujlwm uas xav tau thiab teem sijhawm lawv raws li cov peev txheej muaj.

Ib theem tseem ceeb yog kev ua qauv qhia txog kev vam khom ntawm qee qhov haujlwm ntawm lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, Gant tau faib rau txhua tus neeg ib lub sijhawm thaum nws yuav tsum ua tiav qee yam kev ua ub no, qhia tias leej twg thiab cov haujlwm yuav ua, suav nrog lub sijhawm faib rau qhov project.

Gantt charting yog ua tiav siv lub axis ntsug sawv cev rau cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab kab rov tav axis sawv cev rau lub sijhawm.

Gantt daim duab hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub

Txoj kev npaj no tsis poob nws qhov tseem ceeb niaj hnub no, vim tias nws tso cai rau koj los muab cov duab kos duab ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom, ua kom yooj yim saib xyuas kev ua tiav hauv kev sivua hauj lwm. Daim ntawv qhia Gantt tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muaj zog uas yuav luag 100 xyoo nws tsis tau hloov pauv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thiaj li yuav piav txog cov kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv ntau nthuav dav, kev sib txuas lus kab ntawm ntau yam hauj lwm tau nkag mus rau hauv nws:

  • "tiav-pib" - kev ua B tsis tuaj yeem pib kom txog thaum kev ua tiav A tiav;
  • "start-finish" - kev nqis tes ua B tsis tuaj yeem pib kom txog thaum qhov pib A pib;
  • "pib-pib" - kev ua B yuav pib tsis ntxov dua li qhov A;
  • "finish-finish" - action B yuav tsum xaus tsis ntxov tshaj qhov A kawg.

Muaj pov thawj tias daim ntawv Gantt tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov qauv loj loj xws li Hoover Dam (Las Vegas, 1939) thiab Eisenhower Highway system (txuas feem ntau lub nroog loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas).

Kev qhia: yuav ua li cas los tsim ib daim ntawv Gantt hauv 5 kauj ruam?

Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib cov kev cai tsim ib daim ntawv Gantt thiab sim tsim nws tus kheej hauv Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Kauj Ruam 1. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia

Yuav tsim ib daim duab, peb xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

  • kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg (qhov twg txhua kab yuav tsum pib);
  • npe ntawm txhua theem;
  • sijhawm ntawm txhua theem.

Rau qhov yooj yim, peb nkag rau lawv tam sim ntawd rau hauv cov teb sib txuas ntawm lub rooj. Tom qab peb tau nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau, peb tuaj yeem mus rau qhov tsim ntawm daim ntawv nws tus kheej.

Ib qho tseem ceeb: nco ntsoov tias txhua hom ntaub ntawv yogmuaj tseeb: tshwj xeeb, qhov no siv tau rau hnub tim.

tsim ib daim ntawv qhia gantt
tsim ib daim ntawv qhia gantt

Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim cov txheej txheem

Yog li, peb paub lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus uas peb yuav tsim lub sijhawm. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais spreadsheet, peb yuav tsum mus rau lub "Insert -> Chart", thiab ces nias rau ntawm "Line" yam khoom. Peb tsis xav tau ib txwm, tab sis nrog tsub zuj zuj, txij li nws tsuas yog muab rau kab thib ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv peb rooj plaub yuav yog lub ntsiab.

gantt daim ntawv qhia
gantt daim ntawv qhia

Kauj Ruam 3. lwv txhua yam ntxiv

Yuav ua li cas, qhov kev pab cuam muab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ntawm daim ntawv uas tshwm ntawm qhov screen, koj yuav tsum txav tus nas cursor hla lub xiav bar, right-click rau nws thiab xaiv "Format Data Series" los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas tshwm. Lub qhov rais yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv uas peb yuav tsum tau mus rau cov khoom "Fill" thiab xaiv cov khoom "Tsis muaj sau". Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv yuav zoo li no:

project tswj gantt chart
project tswj gantt chart

Kauj Ruam 4. Kev kov tiav

Vim los ntawm lub neej ntawd tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb daim duab yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los ntawm qab mus rau sab saum toj, peb yuav tau hloov nws me ntsis. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb txoj cai-nias rau ntawm qeb axis (ib qho ntawm ib sab uas peb muaj cov npe ua haujlwm), mus rau "Format Axis" qhov rai. Lub tab peb xav tau tam sim ntawd qhib - "Axis tsis". Kos lub npov nyob ib sab ntawm Reverse qeb xaj. Qhov tseeb, daim ntawv Gantt twb tau npaj lawm, tsuas muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb me me xwb.

kev tsim khogantt daim duab
kev tsim khogantt daim duab

Kauj Ruam 5. Formatting

Yog li, peb txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws tseem zoo li tsis pom zoo, thiab tam sim no peb yuav kho nws siv daim ntawv nthuav qhia nws tus kheej:

  1. Txawj daim ntawv mus rau qhov loj me uas siv tus xub nyob rau sab xis sab xis.
  2. Xaiv tag nrho cov hnub hauv lub rooj, nyem rau ntawm qhov chaw xaiv nrog tus nas khawm sab xis thiab mus rau "Format Cells-> Number". Tshooj lus no qhia txog tus lej tseem ceeb uas peb ua haujlwm nrog. Yog li ntawd cov ntawv sau tsis sib tshooj, peb qhia koj xaiv qhov luv luv ntawm qhov nkag. Tom qab ntawd, dua, right-click ntawm lub axis nrog cov hnub ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv "Format Axis -> Number" thiab kos lub thawv nyob ib sab ntawm "Txuas mus rau qhov chaw".
  3. Xaiv cov lus dab neeg (cov cim "Hnub" thiab "Lub Sij Hawm" ntawm sab xis) thiab nias lub pob rho tawm ntawm cov keyboard.
  4. Qhib "Format Axis -> Parameters" thiab teeb tsa qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws (peb tau teeb tsa lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, txij li hnub Monday, thiab Lub Ib Hlis 3). Ntawm no peb tuaj yeem teeb tsa tus nqi ntawm cov kev faib loj (qhov no yog qhov yooj yim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas, piv txwv li, ua haujlwm ntawm ib qhov project yuav kav ntev li ob peb lub lis piam lossis ntau lub hlis). Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, nws yooj yim dua los tawm ntawm tus nqi pib (2.0).
gantt chart program
gantt chart program

Ib me ntsis ntxiv nrog formatting - thiab qhov zoo nkauj peb tau kawg. Ntawm no yog daim ntawv qhia Gantt tiav. Qhov piv txwv peb tau muab yog, ntawm chav kawm, yooj yim heev - tab sis nws yog txaus kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev npaj no thiabpom kev ua qauv qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tej yam hauj lwm.

gantt daim ntawv piv txwv
gantt daim ntawv piv txwv

Lwm cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm

Tau kawg, muaj ntau lwm yam, cov kev pab cuam zoo dua uas ua rau kev tswj xyuas qhov project yooj yim dua. Daim ntawv Gantt ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim siv cov ntawv thov xws li:

  • SchedRoll;
  • Gantt Designer;
  • Mindjet JCVGantt Pro;
  • Microsoft Project thiab ntau lwm tus.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov kev pabcuam online uas muab sijhawm rau lawv cov neeg siv tsis yog los npaj lawv txoj haujlwm nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem tau txais cov lus ceeb toom tsis tu ncua, ceeb toom txog cov haujlwm tam sim no los ntawm e-mail. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias qhov tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv lub network muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab cov software ruaj khov uas tau teeb tsa ncaj qha rau ntawm tus neeg siv lub computer, raws li txoj cai, muaj ntau txoj haujlwm dav thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab dua hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev

Thaum kawg, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev npaj thiab kev tswj hwm tau piav qhia.

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yog cov duab nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom siv. Raws li txoj cai, nws yooj yim rau cov neeg lag luam los ua haujlwm nrog Gantt kab kos - lawv nyiam lub peev xwm los txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qhov project. Los ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov dej num nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv, txhua tus tswv cuab tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv cov dej num ntawm ib sab.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias Gantt kab kos yogib qho kev nthuav qhia zoo heev uas muaj peev xwm ua kom pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov project. Ntawd yog, sai li sai tau thaum cov thawj coj faib thiab faib txhua yam ntawm cov peev txheej muaj, pab pawg tam sim kawm txog nws thiab ua raws cov lus qhia ntxiv. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Gantt daim ntawv no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov thawj coj loj - siv nws, nws yooj yim dua los npaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau yam haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li lwm yam kev npaj, Gantt daim ntawv muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog kev vam meej. Heev feem ntau, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav qhia tej yaam num, cov thawj coj yuav tsum tau qhia uas cov hauj lwm muaj feem xyuam rau ib leeg. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, daim ntawv qhia nws tus kheej tsis tso cai rau qhov no. Txhawm rau kom tau txais ib puag ncig qhov kev txwv no, cov thawj coj saib xyuas ntau yam kev dag ntxias: piv txwv li, lawv ntxiv cov kab ntsug tshwj xeeb rau hauv daim ntawv qhia uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev vam meej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog kev daws teeb meem ib ntus xwb, tsis tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Gantt kab kos yog lawv qhov tsis yooj yim. Niaj hnub no, tej yaam num tsis zoo li qub - lawv ib txwm muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv, hloov pauv, uas nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv daim duab. Ua ntej pib tsim ib daim duab, cov thawj coj yuav tsum xam txhua yam mus rau qhov nthuav dav me tshaj plaws, vim tias nrog kev hloov me ntsis ntawm qhov kwv yees, tag nrho daim duab yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm kos. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog hais tias muaj peev xwm piav qhia ntau yam sib txawv ntawm kev npaj ib zaugkuj ploj lawm.

Txawm hais tias yog vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau daim ntawv qhia Gantt, ib qho kev pab cuam (txawm tias feem ntau "advanced") yuav tsis muaj peev xwm los qhia qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev siv zog ntawm qee yam haujlwm, lawv cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tshua muaj siv rau cov haujlwm loj tshwj xeeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub tias txoj kev no muaj ntau heev hauv kev tswj hwm qhov project - rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm nws siv, tib neeg muaj lub sijhawm los xyuas nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.

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