Drectional drilling: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tsim kho tau tawm los ntawm kev kub ntxhov, cov tsev nyob hauv kev tsim kho, kev lag luam complex, txoj kev, thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho vaj tse tau nce ntxiv. Raws li, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ntau thiab xav tau los txo lub sijhawm thiab nqi zog.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Cov no suav nrog kev taw qhia kev drilling. Nws paub tias qhov dej yog ob qho tib si ntsug (tus qauv) thiab inclined. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsug / kab rov tav yuav tsum tau rau qhov no me me: tsuas yog 2 degrees rau tus qauv drilling, ntau tshaj 6 degrees rau kev sib sib zog nqus drilling (artesian qhov dej, roj lossis roj ntau lawm).

Nws yog ib qho ntuj uas muaj qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem yog vim tsis yog kev dag, tab sis kuj yog vim li cas ntuj tsim. Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pawg (geological, technical, technological). Yog tias koj paub txog tag nrho cov xwm txheej no kom meej, koj tuaj yeem tswj txoj haujlwm nrog qhov raug siab.qhov dej hauv qhov chaw.

Raws li, kev sib txawv ntawm kev dag ntxias tau nkag siab tias "khoov" ntawm qhov dej channel, uas yog thawj zaug xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov kev taw qhia drilling implies nruj tswj kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm lub laum thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Txoj kev drilling roj thiab roj qhov dej

Tshwj xeeb muaj ntau yam teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li no hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj. Nyob ntawd, inclined drilling yuav tsum tau nqa tawm siv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub qhov taub sab saud yog ib txwm (!) ua nruj nreem, thiab qhov sib txawv pib ntawm lub qab ntug qis, hauv qhov kev npaj azimuth.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau, inclined drilling yog siv tsis yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm deposits, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog qhov pheej yig dua los kuaj xyuas "cov cim" los ntawm kev ua lub qhov ntev txaus siab dua li tam sim sim tho lub pob zeb mus rau qhov tob txaus vertically.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov kev taw qhia drilling ua tiav feem ntau? Cov thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim: ua ntej, lub qhov taub tseem ceeb yog xuas nrig ntaus, tom qab ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv khoov, ib qho oblique lossis kab rov tav drilled yog coj mus rau qhov chaw zoo, uas twb tau ua ib qho ntxiv ncej. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov kev taw qhia los ntawm qhov project, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv "cov cim", lawv kuj yog beacons. Feem ntau, cov koob yees duab tshwj xeeb yog siv los pom cov txheej txheem drilling.

cov ntawv tseem ceeb

NyobNws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, xws li qhov dej yog yuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm geological pob zeb. Yog li, qee zaum nws yog qhov pheej yig dua los laum lub qhov hla qhov chaw ntawm qee yam pob zeb uas tsis muaj zog dua li xuas nrig ntaus nws.

Kuj tseem nco ntsoov tias kev taw qhia qhov drilling txhais tau tias nkag mus ntawm qhov nruj kab rov tav. Tag nrho cov qhov dej tau los ntawm txoj kev no tau muab faib ua ib qho thiab ntau qhov dej. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, ob peb txheej tawm ntawm lub cev loj. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj yog siv dav hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• Thaum qhib cov roj lossis roj cov kabmob uas nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.
• Yog tias nws tau pom tias lub pas dej tsim kho tau hloov pauv sai sai.
• Thaum cov roj lossis roj cov kabmob horizons nyob hauv qab ntsev domes (vim qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov drilling dhau los).
• Thaum nws yuav tsum hla dhau qhov chaw tawg hauv cov mines.
• Deviated (kab rov tav, tshwj xeeb) drilling yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias cov khoom tsim tau nyob hauv qee yam ntawm cov dej ntws los yog hauv qab hiav txwv, hauv thaj chaw nyob lossis cov tsev sib cais.
• Ntawm qhov drilling racks thiab platforms nyob ncaj qha rau hauv hiav txwv, hauv 90% ntawm cov xwm txheej no siv lub qhov drilling.
• Ntxiv rau, kev taw qhia kev drilling yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj yuav tsum tau ua ntau qhov dej hauv thaj chaw uas muaj rugged struts (ravines, toj, thiab lwm yam).

Ib txoj kev zoo sib xws yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb yog tiasRau qee qhov laj thawj (kev sib tsoo, ua haujlwm ntawm pob zeb tectonic), cov ncej ntawm lub mine hloov mus rau sab, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau hla qhov chaw teeb meem. Qhov no kuj tseem ua tau yog tias nws yuav tsum tau coj cov qauv tseem ceeb los ntawm lub qhov taub loj, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no hauv lwm txoj kev.

Tsis tas li, kev taw qhia drilling yog siv thaum koj xav tau sai sai tua lub qhov dej uas tau ntes hluav taws vim qee qhov laj thawj, nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas qhov qis ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau nthuav dav rau kev ua haujlwm. Ib yam li ntawd, cov dej ntws tawm tau nce hauv cov qhov dej qub thaum nws yuav tsum tau nce ntau lawm.

Qhov no yog xyaum thaum pib paub tias qhov tso nyiaj tsis yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov nplua nuj, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau "mis" sai. Tom qab ntawd "cluster" drilling yog siv, nrog ntau thiab ntau qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov taub tseem ceeb ntawm sab. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no siv cov txheej txheem, ces rov qab los ntawm teb yuav tsawg, thiab lub qhov dej yuav sai sai depleted.

Txoj kev ntawm kev taw qhia drilling tsoo thawj qhov pits los ntawm cov thee pastes, txij li nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no lawv yuav tsum xub tso tawm ntawm lub hnab ntim roj. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab txawm tias tawg lawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov dej.

Downhole motors (turbodrills, qee zaus hluav taws xob xyaum, ntsia hlau motors) yog siv los tsoo lub qhov. Drilling method - rotary.

Main method

Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb (ob leeg ntawm no thiab txawv teb chaws) yog kev siv dynamic struts. Thiab qhov no yog qhov nkag siab, vim qhov tseeb tiaj tiaj tiaj thiab steppes nyob deb ntawm txhua qhov chaw.

Raws li txoj cai, cov kab ke raug coj los ua piv txwv, uas tau tsim ua ntej, thiab cov qauv kev ua lej raug siv rau qhov no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txoj kev "tseem ceeb" tsuas yog siv tau (!) rau cov teb uas twb tau tsim lawm, tag nrho cov yam ntxwv uas tau paub ntev. Lub peculiarity ntawm txoj kev no yog tias lawv tsis sim tswj lub curvature ntawm struts, tab sis hloov mus rau nws. Alas, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim, qhia pom qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm drilling.

Hauv qhov tsim profile, qhov chaw nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm curvature yuav tsum tau cim, vim tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no nws tsis pom zoo kom kos ib qhov project tiav. Tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug cob qhia directional drilling engineer.

Hloov qhov layout ntawm qhov drilling rig kom kho qhov khoov ntawm qhov dej

Txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws thaum nws los tswj qhov khoov ntawm lub qhov ncaj qha thaum nws xuas nrig ntaus. Txoj kev yog qhov zoo vim tias koj tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws qhov tsis zoo nyob hauv qhov kev txwv hnyav ntawm kev ua kom nrawm nrawm.

Siv cov neeg hloov pauv khoom cuav

Rau hom haujlwm no, khoov subs, eccentric txiv mis, wedges, thiab lwm yam khoom siv deflecting yog siv. Txhua yam khoom siv raug xaiv ib tus zuj zus, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab hom av.

Spruce ntau yam

Ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev taw qhia drilling yog pad drilling. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov pib ntawm tag nrho cov pits nyob ntawm ib qho chaw, thiab cov seem kawg yog qhov twg cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb nrhiav tau mus.

Txoj kev yog qhov zoo uas nws tso cai rau koj kom txo qis kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw, txo cov xov tooj sib txuas lus uas yuav tsum tau ua, suav nrog txoj kev mus rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm, thiab xav tau dej. cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hluav taws xob raug txo qis. Hom kev drilling no tau sim thawj zaug hauv USSR, ntau qhov tseeb, hauv Azerbaijan, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Artem Island.

Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb suav nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev hla kuv lub qhov ncauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los khaws cov pits uas twb tau ua haujlwm los ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm qhov drilling, vim qhov no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Thaum kawg, qhov tsis zoo loj ntawm pawg pits yog qhov nyuaj ntawm lawv cov kev kho thiab kho tom ntej, thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej hiav txwv nws tuaj yeem nyuaj heev los tshem tawm kev tawg.

Nyob hauv cov xwm txheej twg yog pawg drilling siv?

Yog li thaum twg yog pawg kev taw qhia kab rov tav drilling siv? Cov laj thawj rau nws siv tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

• Technogenic - drilling hauv qab cov tsev, suav nrog thaj chaw, lwm yam kev tsim qauv.
• Technological - thaum nws zoo li kev txhim kho ntawm tus qauv zoo yuav cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qhov dej uas twb muaj lawm. Txoj kev hav txwv yeem tsis yog "kev puas tsuaj" hauv qhov no.
• Geological -thaum cov zaub mov nyob hauv cov txheej tsis sib xws, ntawm cov kab sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, directional drilling rigs yog tib txoj kev xaiv thaum koj xav tau los tsim ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub shortest tau lub sij hawm uas tsis tau siv phenomenal nyiaj ntawm nws.
• Orographic - pawg ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov laj thawj, suav nrog qhov xav tau qhib qhov chaw nyob hauv qab dej hiav txwv, pas dej, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm rugged struts, nrog rau thaum tso pits los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm offshore platforms., as well as overpasses.
• Huab cua. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nyob rau hauv ntau lub cheeb tsam ntawm Far North, muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua qauv ntawm permafrost thawing, uas yog vim li cas cov kws tshwj xeeb yog tsuas yog yuam kom mus rau qhov kev pab cuam ntawm pawg drilling. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog fraught nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lumen.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej hauv pawg tau pom nyob rau hauv swampy, feem ntau dej nyab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum inclined drilling hauv qab ntawm lub cev dej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm siv tau cov cuab yeej navigational kom zoo, yam tsis muaj qhov nws ua tsis tau kom tawg los ntawm lub qhov hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Yog li, cov lus qhia txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj xws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev txawj ntse, cov neeg ua haujlwm paub.

yam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev

Volumetric bushes zoo li pyramids lossis cones, qhov loj ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab, nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab"blurring" ntawm qhov tsim teb. Raws li, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov punched yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub hav txwv yeem yuav tsum tau kho raws li lub luag haujlwm ua tau, txij li thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw txawv teb chaws nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas no.

Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim cov pits hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev sib hais haum. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov dej tiav yog ua si los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov dej. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov raj xa dej tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev xyaum hauv 15-20 xyoo dhau los.

Cov teebmeem zoo ntawm pawg drilling

Feem ntau, txoj kev no txo qis tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis kev tsim kho cov chaw tsim khoom, txhawb nqa qhov ntim ntawm automation ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, txoj hauv kev no ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txo qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej.

Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum ua haujlwm hauv pawg drilling, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho cov khib nyiab drilling, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv av, thiab tseem txo qis qhov yuav txo qis hauv qib tom kawg. Qhov no feem ntau pom nrog cov pa drilling raws li nws rhuav tshem aquifers.

Ib lub ncoo muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub qhov dej. Raws li txoj cai, oilmen nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws xyaum ua pab pawg pits ntawm 18-24 daim, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lawv tus naj npawb tshaj.rau 30. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txij li nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws xyaum muaj cov xwm txheej thaum 60 "sprouts" yuav ncaim ntawm ib lub mine. Tshwj xeeb, lub tuam txhab tsis muaj npe BP tau tho rau ntawm cov kob me me 60 × 60 m … 68 pits ib zaug. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom nce cov roj tau txais los ntawm ib daim teb.

Yog li qhov kev taw qhia thiab kab rov tav qhov dej hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag vim yog kev txuag cov khoom siv thiab nyiaj txiag.

Multihole drilling hom

Tam sim no, vim muaj ntau qhov kev tso nyiaj qub, tib txoj kev txhim khu kev qha kom tau txais cov zaub mov yog siv cov txheej txheem mining siab heev, uas suav nrog ntau qhov kev drilling. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob peb lub "sprouts" tshiab raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov taub loj ntawm qhov tob ib zaug. Vim li no, thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov dej nyob rau hauv lub qab ntug ntawm lub productivity nce ho, thiab lub ntim ntawm mining nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib lub sijhawm nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim ntim rau hauv lub siab, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig horizons.

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws, thawj qhov dej ntawm hom no tau tho hauv xyoo 1953, hauv Bashkiria. Tab sis lub qhov dej, uas tau dhau mus ncaj qha rau hauv lub thickness ntawm qhov tsim, tsuas yog ua tau thaum kawg ntawm 50s. Nws tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam Samara. Nws tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tias qhov rov qab txhua hnub ntawm cov qhov dej no yog kwv yees li 40% siab dua li cov cores ua los ntawm tus qauv, txoj kev ntsug.

Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov kev taw qhia qhov drilling pib tsim hauv peb lub tebchaws. Kev cob qhia rau qhov notshwj xeeb tau qhia nyob rau hauv txhua lub koom haum technical hauv lub tebchaws.

Yog siv ntau txoj kev, tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov dej hauv lub reservoir nce ntau, qhov tso dej thiab pom qhov chaw nce. Qhov no txhawb nqa tsis tau tsuas yog nce qhov rov qab los ntawm qhov dej, tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Hom pits no tau muab faib ua ntau yam hauv qab no:

• Inclined, branched type.
• Kab rov tav ceg.
• Radial pits.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, kev taw qhia drilling (kab rov tav directional drilling) yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj struts thiab tsis sib npaug concentration ntawm kev ua hauj lwm horizons. Txoj kev no tso cai rau (thaum txo tus nqi) kom ua kom qhov ntim ntawm cov mining ntau tshaj plaws.

yam ntxwv ntawm ntau lub qhov

Raws li koj tuaj yeem twv, obliquely-branched pits muaj cov ncej tseem ceeb ntawm kuv thiab cov txheej txheem menyuam yaus txuas ntxiv los ntawm lawv, nyob hauv ntau lub dav hlau. Hom kab rov tav qhia kom zoo yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm hom nyuam qhuav piav qhia. Qhov txawv tsuas yog qhov "sprouts" tawm ntawm lub cev loj hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, ntawm kaum ntawm 90 degrees.

Raws li, rau qhov radial pits, lub ntsiab ncej kuj mus nruj nreem vertically, thiab cov ntxiv - raws lub ncig, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub radial kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, branched qhov dej tau raug suav hais tias yog ib qho kev cog lus zoo heev ntawm kev drilling, txij li thaum lawv siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nplai tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem ntau yam,tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho cov peev txheej hauv av:

• Kev txhim kho ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj teb nrog cov ntug tsis sib xws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntsug drilling tsis yog kev lag luam, txij li thaum kawg tus nqi siab dhau lawm.
• Drectional drilling tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej siv. Qhov no ua rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
• Thaum rho tawm cov roj viscous heev, uas tau tso tawm ntawm qhov tob heev.
• Tib txoj kev yog siv thaum tsim nyog los tsim lub chaw nres tsheb hauv av uas siv lub zog ntawm cov dej kub hauv av.

Yog li, kev taw qhia qhov dej drilling yog cov txheej txheem dav siv hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj thiab kev tsim kho niaj hnub no.