Acoustic emissions los ntawm cov kav dej
Acoustic emissions los ntawm cov kav dej

Video: Acoustic emissions los ntawm cov kav dej

Video: Acoustic emissions los ntawm cov kav dej
Video: nkauj kiab wb tsuav zaub pub nyuj thiab pub qaib pub os nws cov os tuag nws khuv xim heev 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Acoustic emissions ntawm cov kav dej yog qhov tshwm sim thiab nthuav tawm ntawm elastic vibrations nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm deformation ntawm cov qauv hauv kev kawm. Quantitatively, nws ua raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam loads. Kev ntsuam xyuas acoustic emission tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm. Txoj kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb yog kev sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug thiab nws cov txheej txheem tom ntej.

acoustic emission
acoustic emission

yam ntxwv dav dav

Acoustic emission yog siv los kuaj xyuas thiab tsim kev sib koom tes, saib xyuas qhov chaw deformation ntawm qhov chaw lossis hauv qhov ntim ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov pob qij txha thiab cov khoom siv. Kev kuaj mob tsuas yog ua thaum lub xeev kev ntxhov siab raug tsim. Nws pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw vibration hauv cov khoom. Acoustic emission tshwm sim thaum raug lub siab, quab yuam, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam. Kev xaiv ntawm ib qho kev thauj khoom tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv tsim, cov xwm txheej uas nws siv, thiab cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb.

Acoustic emission method

rauKev txiav txim siab qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv, nws cov kev txwv thiab cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas, uas nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev tsim nyog rau kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob ua txhaum. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj (ultrasonic, eddy tam sim no, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam nrov hauv kev xyaum) ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov duab geometric inhomogeneities los ntawm emitting ib lub zog rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Acoustic emission qhia txog kev sib txawv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov khoom nws tus kheej ua raws li ib tug teeb liab qhov chaw, thiab tsis yog ib tug lwm yam khoom, vim hais tias qhov no yog ib tug passive txoj kev ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, thiab tsis active, raws li qhia saum toj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, acoustic emission ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ntes tsis zoo li qub inhomogeneities, tab sis lub zog ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Raws li, nws tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas kev txhim kho thiab, yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom pom sai sai ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab nrib pleb me me, cov kua dej los yog cov pa xau, kev ua txhaum thiab lwm yam txheej txheem uas ua rau tshwm sim thiab nthuav tawm ntawm kev vibrations.

acoustic emission method
acoustic emission method

Nuances

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus theoretical thiab cov tswv yim, txhua yam tsis xws luag muaj peev xwm tsim tau nws tus kheej lub teeb liab. Nws tuaj yeem npog qhov deb heev (ob peb kaum ntawm metres) kom txog rau thaum nws raug kuaj pom los ntawm acoustic emission sensor. Ntxiv mus, kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ntes tsis tau tsuas yog nyob deb. Qhov tsis xws luag kuj tau tsim los ntawm kev suav qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm nthwv dej mus rau qhov ntes sensors nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw. Kev loj hlob tawg, delamination, suav nrog tawg, kev sib txhuam, corrosion, kua / roj to yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem uastsim kev co uas tuaj yeem tshawb pom thiab tshawb xyuas zoo.

Ntse

Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev tshaj li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj yog:

  1. Kev ncaj ncees. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias, siv ib tug acoustic emission transducer, fixedly mounted rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv, nws muaj peev xwm mus xyuas tag nrho cov qauv. Cov cuab yeej no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kawm nyuaj mus cuag lossis nkag tsis tau.
  2. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoom nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Nws ua raws los ntawm qhov no tias cov txheej txheem tswj nws tus kheej, nrog rau nws cov txiaj ntsig, yuav tsis nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov txheej txheem. Yog hais tias muaj ib qho insulating npog, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov cuab yeej cuab raug ntsia.
  3. acoustic emission ntawm pipelines
    acoustic emission ntawm pipelines
  4. Kev txheeb xyuas thiab sau npe tsuas yog tsim kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag tsis yog los ntawm lawv qhov loj me lossis lwm qhov ntsuas tsis ncaj (txoj hauj lwm, cov duab, kev taw qhia), tab sis los ntawm theem ntawm lawv qhov txaus ntshai (degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom).
  5. Kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws yog ntau lub sij hawm siab tshaj qhov sib piv rau cov tsoos (radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic, eddy tam sim no, thiab lwm yam) txoj kev tswj.
  6. Kev deb. Kev ntsuas lub zog ntawm ib yam khoom tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm qhov deb ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv txoj hauv kev saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm qhov loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai, txuas ntxiv cov qauv yam tsis muajdecommissioning thiab hem rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Lwm qhov zoo dua yog lub peev xwm los saib xyuas ntau yam txheej txheem thiab ntsuas lub xeev ntawm cov qauv hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov khoom. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias acoustic emission method optimally combines zoo thiab nqi tsis.

acoustic emission transducer
acoustic emission transducer

Extra

Tswj kev siv lub suab emission muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau, tso cai rau koj hloov kho sai sai thiab txuas ntxiv lub voj voog ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb nrog cov nqi tsawg. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj xyuas tau raug siv los kwv yees kev puas tsuaj. Txoj kev tswj no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kawm txog ntau yam khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov qauv, cov khoom siv. Niaj hnub no, tsis muaj nws siv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim, raws li zoo raws li txhim khu kev qha kev lag luam ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb muaj chaw.

Cons

Txoj kev ntawm acoustic emission kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj ntawm deciphering cov ntsuas tau txais thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas. Qhov kev tsis zoo no txwv qhov kev siv dav ntawm txoj hauv kev xyaum. Lub complexity yog vim lub fact tias lub nthwv dej txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm acoustic emission yog superimposed los ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua parasitic indicators, As multiply reflected suab, nthwv dej ntawm lub lag luam ntawm cov khoom, lub loading khoom, thiab ib puag ncig. Kev siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab ntau yam lim tso caitsuas yog ib feem txo qhov cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev tswj hwm yog suav tias yog qhov tsis zoo. Hauv kev lag luam, nws tsis yog loj tsim. Nws kuj tseem tiv thaiv txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev ncua dhau ntawm kev sim siv.

acoustic emission sensor
acoustic emission sensor

thaj chaw thov

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, tam sim no, txoj kev ntawm acoustic emission yog siv los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab koom nrog ntau yam kev lag luam. Cov tseem ceeb suav nrog:

  1. Tshuaj thiab roj thiab roj kev lag luam.
  2. Metallurgy thiab yeeb nkab ntau lawm.
  3. Kev lag luam cua sov thiab hluav taws xob nuclear.
  4. Rail tsheb thauj mus los.
  5. Aviation thiab chaw complex.

Txoj kev yog siv dav los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm nrog kev nqa, choj cov qauv, pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog.

acoustic emission tswj
acoustic emission tswj

Zaj lus

Txoj kev acoustic emission yog niaj hnub no suav hais tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua qhov tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ntsuas lub xeev thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm elastic nthwv dej generated thaum ib tug sudden deformation ntawm ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv load tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim oscillations tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw thiab raug xa ncaj qha mus rau lub sensor, qhov chaw uas lawv hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob teeb liab. Lawv raug ntsuas nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav yog tshwm sim. Raws li nws,Kev soj ntsuam tom qab ntawm lub xeev thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom hauv kev kawm.

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