Aircraft tsim. Cov ntsiab lus tsim kho. Tus tsim ntawm aircraft A321

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tus tsim ntawm lub dav hlau feem ntau cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev khiav, kev ua haujlwm thiab aerodynamic yam ntxwv. Lub invention ntawm lub dav hlau no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus breakthrough nyob rau hauv high-ceev overcoming ntawm tseem ceeb nyob deb. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab ya.

Aircraft structural elements

Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov dav hlau niaj hnub no:

• Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub dav hlau (fuselage). Nws ua haujlwm los txuas cov pob txha, tis, lub zog, chassis thiab lwm yam khoom sab nraud rau hauv ib qho tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lub fuselage yog ib tug cabin rau cov neeg coob coob, cargo thiab cov neeg nrog caij compartments.
• Reactive lossis standard haib motors uas propel lub dav hlau.
• Wing - ib feem uas ua haujlwm kom ruaj khov thiab tsim nqa.
• Ntau plumage pabcuam rau kev sib npaug thiab ntsug ruaj khov.
• Tus Tsov tus tw kab rov tav yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub tshuab hauv qhov ntev.
• Control system.
• khoom siv xaiv tau.

Plumage

Classic aircraft tail tsimyam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev hloov kho pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim no, kab rov tav tus Tsov tus tw muaj ib tug ruaj khov stabilizer thiab adjustable elevator.

Lub stabilizer yog tsim los stabilize lub dav hlau txheeb ze rau lub transverse axis. Thaum txo qis ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau, ntu ntu, ua ke nrog cov plumage, txav mus. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub siab ntawm cov huab cua ntws nyob rau hauv lub Upper compartment ntawm lub stabilizer nce. Cov tsim load rov qab stabilizer ua ke nrog lub fuselage mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau txoj hauj lwm.

Cov khoom siv kuj suav nrog lub nraub qaum ntsug. Nws muaj cov khoom ruaj khov (keel) thiab lub rudder adjustable. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov node zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kab rov tav, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug.

Tus tsim ntawm lub dav hlau ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv ob lub dav hlau. Longitudinal stability yog lav los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tis console ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis ntawm ib leeg, zoo li tsab ntawv "V".

Controls

Tswj cov chaw ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim dav hlau. Lub elevator yog qhov txav tau tom qab ntawm lub stabilizer. Yog hais tias lub node yog nruab nrog ib tug khub ntawm consoles, ces yuav muaj ob rudders. Lawv synchronously deviate down lossis nce, pab hloov qhov siab ntawm glider.

Ailerons yog qhov txav ntawm lub tis consoles. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom stabilize lub aircraft txheeb ze rau longitudinal axis. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau ua tiav synchronously, qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv.

Lub logkev taw qhia yog ib feem ntawm lub keel, pab kom stabilize lub apparatus vertically. Kev sib hloov ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub rudder tshwm sim kom txog thaum tus tsav rov qab lub kaus mom hlau mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab.

Lub cev muaj zog thiab lwm yam

Lub dav hlau suav tias yog nruab nrog ntau hom cav. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev nce nrawm thiab tsim kev nqa nqa. Cov motors tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub dav hlau, tom qab thiab ntawm tis.

Cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob tau faib raws li hauv qab no:

• dav hlau tshuab - suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ob lub voj voog nrog lub dav hlau turbine.
• Screw - yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv piston thiab cov kev hloov pauv nyuaj nrog lub turbine.
• foob pob hluav taws cav yog cov kua lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov kho kev kub ceev.

Ib tus lej ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv txhawb nqa ntawm lub dav hlau. Kev tsaws iav yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawm mus thiab tsaws ntawm lub tsheb ntawm cov kev khiav ntawm airfields. Amphibians siv ib hom ntab skis uas tso cai rau koj khiav lub tshuab ntawm dej lossis daus.

A-321 aircraft tsim

Daim ntawv no yog tus sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm Airbus hom dav hlau. Lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog lub fuselage elongated thiab muaj peev xwm muaj neeg coob coob. Ntawm cov kev hloov kho ntawm cov koob no, ob qho piv txwv sawv tawm: A231-100 nrog lub davhlau luv luv piv rau cov analogues, thiab A321-200 nrog lub tank ntxiv thiab cov cav muaj zog.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li ib txhiab lub dav hlau ntawm hom no tau tsim. Serial ntau lawm tshuab txuas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm tam sim no. Tus qauv ua tau raws li txhua tus qauv tsim nyog thiab muaj lub zeem muag zoo rau kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb nrog airbuses.

Tus tsim ntawm lub dav hlau A321 yog qhov yooj yim thiab ncaj nraim. Lub cabin muaj peev xwm yog kwv yees li 200 tus neeg caij tsheb. Lub cruising ceev ntawm lub aircraft yog 900 km / h, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws takeoff altitude yog 10.5 km. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub davhlau sib txawv ntawm 4, 3 txhiab mais.

pros and cons

Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub dav hlau A321, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no tuaj yeem sau tseg:

• Lub tshuab muaj lub suab rwb thaiv tsev siab.
• Cov cuab yeej yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev nplij siab zoo rau cov neeg coob thiab cov neeg caij tsheb.
• Spacious thiab xis nyob sab hauv.
• Cov kev ntsuas zoo heev.

Ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog cov hauv qab no:

• Kev sib xyaw ua ke me ntsis dhau los piv rau cov qauv txawv teb chaws tshiab kawg.
• limited use.

Tus tsim ntawm lub dav hlau A-321 muab rau cov khoom siv nrog lub rooj zaum, uas tau teem plaub ua ke. Lawv muaj ib tug xis dav, tawv trim, built-in airbags. Lub alarm muab lub qhov (socket) rau cov khoos phis tawj, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv rau cov neeg caij tsheb.

Kev faib tawm

Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, dav hlau tau muab faib ua pej xeem thiab tub rog qauv. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thawjcov kev xaiv yog nruab nrog ib tug neeg nrog caij los yog cargo compartment. Lawv nyob feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw sab hauv ntawm lub fuselage.

Hom tsis yog dav hlau:

1. Cov neeg caij tsheb hauv zos. Lawv lub davhlau ntau yog los ntawm ob mus rau kaum txhiab mais, thiab pawg sib txuas sib txuas hla dhau 11 txhiab km.
2. Cov qauv thauj khoom tau muab faib ua pawg teeb, nruab nrab thiab hnyav. Raws li kev tsim nyog, lawv muaj peev xwm thauj tau los ntawm 10 mus rau 40 tons ntawm cov khoom thauj.
3. Special aircraft. Lawv yog siv rau kev huv, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev xav tau kev tua hluav taws, nrog rau cov chaw thaij duab saum huab cua.
4. Study modifications.

Cov tub rog sib txawv tsis muaj cov khoom siv sab hauv zoo li no. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub fuselage yog nyob ntawm riam phom systems, cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav, mos txwv thiab kev pab tshwj xeeb. Kev faib cov tub rog gliders los ntawm cov chav kawm: tub rog thauj qauv, sib ntaus sib tua, tua dav hlau, foob pob, kev tshawb nrhiav.

Tus tsim ntawm lub dav hlau nyob ntawm tus qauv aerodynamic raws li lawv tau tsim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw bearing. Yog hais tias lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau zoo sib xws rau feem ntau cov qauv, ces qhov chaw thiab geometry ntawm lub tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw yuav txawv heev.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias AN lub dav hlau, nws tus qauv tsim yog hom qauv tsim, yog siv dav hauv cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov khoom thauj.kev thauj mus los. Feem ntau, muaj ntau lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau. Ntawm lawv:

1. Classic siv.
2. Flying wing type.
3. Tandem tsim.
4. Hloov kho "duck".
5. Kev hloov pauv tau thiab sib koom ua ke.
6. "Tailless".

Cov kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm cov nodes, qhov chaw ntawm lub cav, sab nrauv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm / tsaws, nrog rau qhov tsis ceev thiab nqa peev xwm.