Electroplating. Kev siv tshuab electroplating. Electroplating

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Electroplating yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm txheej ib lub hlau nrog lwm tus los ntawm kev siv electrolysis. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem immersion ib txwm. Tom qab kev npaj ua ntej, cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tau ntim rau hauv lub da dej galvanic, uas yog lub thawv ua los ntawm dielectric, uas tau ntim nrog cov electrolyte thiab nruab nrog anodes (lawv tuaj yeem soluble thiab insoluble), nrog rau cov khoom siv los tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. kub thiab sib tov tshuaj.

Kev ua daim npav

Kev xa tawm ntawm cov tam sim no ncaj qha ua rau lub fact tias cov seem ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tsis them los ntawm lub npog qhov ncauj tiv thaiv thiab txuas nrog cov electrode yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm npib tsib xee los yog kub ntawm ib tug tej thickness. Kev muab tso rau ntawm cov anodes kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej thickness yog kwv yees li niaj hnub.

PCB gilding feem ntau yog ua tiav siv ob theem txheej txheem. Ua ntej, lawv muab tso rau hauv ib da dej uas npib tsib xee electroplated. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug high tam sim no ceev ceev yog siv, vim hais tias ib tug txheej ntawm npib tsib xee deposited los ntawm cov kua qaub, lub thickness ntawm uas yog 0.05-0.1 μm. Li nomuaj zog adhesion ntawm npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab yog muab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau lub porosity ntawm txheej, thiab tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm tooj liab rau hauv txheej kub. Tom qab ntxuav, cov khoom feem ntau yog hloov mus rau gilding da dej, qhov twg cov txheej kub yog tsim los ntawm 0.5 microns los ntawm electrolyte.

Electroplating thiab kho kom zoo nkauj

Tam sim no thaum ub, muaj cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau zoo nkauj. Kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no qhia tias kev kho galvanic yuav siv los faib qee qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov hlau nto. Precious hlau tiv thaiv txheej tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov hlau los ntawm cov ntsev ntsev nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no, nws muaj peev xwm khaws cov xim thiab ci ci ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lawv tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv darkening ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug zoo heev polishing nyhuv. Piv txwv li, electroplating nrog kub lossis nyiaj tso cai rau koj khaws cov xim thiab ci ci ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no, txhua qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb:

- chrome plating;

- tooj liab plating;

- galvanizing;

- Nickel plating;

- tin-bismuth txheej;

- tshuaj oxidation;

- tshuaj passivation;

- anodizing;

- electropolishing.

YChrome plating

Qhov no yog diffuse saturation ntawm steel nto nrog chromium los yog deposition ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov khoom los ntawm electrolyte nyob rau hauvqhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, electroplating yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion, siv rau kho kom zoo nkauj los yog ua kom cov degree ntawm hardness. Chrome plating hauv kev lag luam kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem yog muab cov hlau nto ib tug zoo nkauj spectacular ci. Qhov yuav tsum tau polished ua ntej siv chrome.

Txhim kho vaj tse

Hard chrome plating yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub, hnav tsis kam, tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, tsis muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient, thiab tsis muaj ductility. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov saum npoo tau txais cov khoom xws li kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom thauj khoom, nrog rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tawg yooj yim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam. Electroplated txheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm milky chromium muaj ib tug tsawg degree ntawm hnav tsis kam thiab hardness, tsawg porosity. Qhov saum npoo yog tiv thaiv los ntawm corrosion thaum tuav kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.

Siv chromium plating hauv kev lag luam

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas nws siv hauv kev lag luam yog muab cov khoom siv xws li nce hnav tsis kam, nce corrosion kuj, thiab txo kev sib txhuam. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, cov hlau yuav muaj zog dua, tsis muaj roj corrosion, thiab tseem tsis tawg hauv hiav txwv thiab dej zoo tib yam, nitric acid. Electroplating ntawm hom no ua rau lub fact tiasdeg imperfections tsuas yog loj dua, yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua tiav raws li tsis muaj qib theem.

tooj liab plating

Kev siv tooj liab txheej yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, thiab lawv kuj tseem siv los ua cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom hlau ua ntej chromium, npib tsib xee lossis lwm yam txheej txheej. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nws muaj peev xwm muab kev tuav zoo dua, nrog rau kev ua kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv. Electroplating nrog tooj liab feem ntau tsis yog siv los ua ib leeg lossis kho kom zoo nkauj. Vim qhov tseeb tias cov hlau no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pob zeb, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj.

tooj liab plating daim ntawv thov

txheej txheem no yog siv los siv tooj liab plating rau cov khoom siv hlau lossis hlau hlau. Feem ntau hom txheej no yog siv los tiv thaiv ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los ntawm cov cement, thaum ua cov ntu uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Electroplating ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj kev lag luam kom tshem tawm cov tsim ntawm sparks, nyob rau hauv lub fais fais fab kev lag luam rau tom ntej daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau txheej txheej npaj rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm luam ntawv Circuit Court boards, los txhim kho soldering, thiab kuj rau ntau lwm yam. Qhov saum npoo tau txais xim los ntawm lub teeb liab dawb mus rau tsaus liab. Cov ntxoov ntxoo feem ntau yognormalized.

Zinc txheej

Ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov khoom hlau yog zinc plating. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua ntau yam alloyed lossis carbon steel qib. Electroplating ntawm hom no yog qhov xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab fasteners. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej, zinc nto ua haujlwm raws li anode, uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative qeeb, thaum lub hauv paus hlau tau txais kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig.

Hom electroplating no tsuas yog siv tau tom qab cov khoom siv hlau tau ua tiav hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm xeb, nplai, txheej txheem ntawm lubricating thiab txias lub hom phiaj. Thaum cov txheej txheem galvanizing tiav, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb, uas yog, nws yog pickled nrog ib tug qaug zog daws ntawm nitric acid, tom qab uas passivation yog nqa tawm. Yog li tsis tsuas yog nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv galvanized rau qhov tsis zoo, tab sis kuj ua rau lawv zoo nkauj dua, uas yog, muab ci thiab qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Electroplating technology nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no assumes ib zinc txheej thickness ntawm 6 microns mus rau 1.5 mm.

Nickel plating

Kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav tam sim no yognpib tsib xee plating. Cov koob npe zoo li no tau piav qhia los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm nickel. Nws muaj qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv cov dej ib puag ncig, thiab npib tsib xee oxide tiv thaiv oxidation tom ntej ntawm cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, npib tsib xee tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntsev, acids thiab alkalis, tshwj tsis yog nitric acid. Piv txwv li, txheej txheej galvanized nrog lub thickness ntawm 0.125 hli txhim khu kev qha tiv thaiv feem ntau ntawm cov gases, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm aggressiveness. Cov ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb heev: yuav luag txhua cov hlau qiv lawv tus kheej rau npib tsib xee plating, yog li txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua cov khoom ntxiv.

Kev siv cov nickel plating yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev siv:

- xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv cov khoom hlau;

- siv ua cov txheej zoo nkauj;

- tsim cov txheej txheem ua ntej, uas yuav raug rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv;

- kho qhov chaw thiab sib dhos.

Cov txheej txheem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hnav tsis kam thiab hardness thiab pom zoo rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv kev sib txhuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsis muaj lubrication, yog siv los tiv thaiv corrosion, nrog rau ua kom zoo zoo soldering. Ntawm cov kub kub, tag nrho cov no tau sau tseg hauv GOST. Electroplated txheej yog heev nkig, yog li nws tsis pom zoo kom ua flaring thiab dabtsi yog khoov ntawm qhov chaw uas tau undergone npib tsib xee plating. Nws yog pom zoo kom siv nws rau complex profiled qhov chaw. Tom qab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 400 degrees Celsius, lub txheej tau txais qhov siab tshaj plawshardness.

Tin-Bismuth

Tin plating yog tiv taus cov tshuaj sulfur thiab yog li pom zoo rau qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem tiv nrog roj hmab thiab yas. Ntawm nws cov khoom yog zoo heev adhesion rau lub hauv paus hlau, elasticity, muaj peev xwm khoov, kos, stamp, flare, nias haum, raws li zoo raws li zoo tuav thaum lub sij hawm ua-up. Freshly deposited tin plating qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau soldering.

Cov Lus Qhia

Electroplating txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, muab lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm ntau yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov chaw zoo heev uas muaj daim iav zoo li, nrog rau kev ua raws li txheej txheej enamel. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate yuav ua li cas tseem ceeb electroplating nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ntau lawm, raws li kev loj hlob ntawm technology tau ua rau nws ua tau kom cov txheej txheem zoo meej.