Leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab nws yog dab tsi?

Leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab nws yog dab tsi?
Leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab nws yog dab tsi?

Video: Leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab nws yog dab tsi?

Video: Leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, thiab nws yog dab tsi?
Video: Yuav tawm ntawm txoj kev txom nyem tau li cas? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm roj hmab vulcanization, tsis yog txhua tus paub. Txawm hais tias lub npe ntawm tus neeg no feem ntau hais hauv cov lus tshaj tawm. Nws lub npe yog Charles Nelson Goodyear, thiab niaj hnub no cov log tsheb ntawm ib lub npe nrov nqa nws lub npe. Yog tsis muaj nws txoj kev koom tes, "Indian roj hmab" (rubber), tej zaum, yuav tsis tau siv dav, vim nws tsuas yog xav paub, ib zaug coj los ntawm Asmeskas. Tau ntau xyoo, Charles tau ua ntau yam kev sim sib xyaw roj hmab nrog ntau yam khoom (los ntawm turpentine mus rau zinc oxide lom), txog rau thaum xyoo 1839 nws nrhiav tau cov tshuaj no nrog sulfur.

roj hmab vulcanization
roj hmab vulcanization

Cov txheej txheem roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi? Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm chemistry, qhov no yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov roj hmab hloov tau yooj yim rau hauv daim phiaj peb-seem ntawm ib daim ntawv spatial, thaum sib txuas cov tshuaj sib txuas yog qhov tsawg heev. Cov cuab yeej tom kawg tso cai rau cov roj hmab kom nyob twj ywm zoo li cov roj hmab ntuj.uas yog ua.

Thaum vulcanizing roj hmab, mesh tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev raug kub lossis hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Raws li txoj cai, cov chav tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm, xws li boilers, txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab, presses, autoclaves, vulcanizing qub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (los ntawm cov chav kub kub mus rau hluav taws xob cua sov).

raw roj hmab vulcanization kub
raw roj hmab vulcanization kub

Kho kub ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv kawg siv li cas. Cov classic ntau yog 130 txog 200 degrees Celsius, txawm hais tias cov roj hmab coatings thiab sealants qee zaum kho tau ntawm chav tsev kub (ntawm 20 degrees, "txias kho"). Cov tshuaj-tus neeg sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Feem ntau, sulfur vulcanization yog nqa tawm, uas ua rau kom tau txais cov roj hmab diene siv hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb thiab khau roj hmab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub npe hu ua "accelerators" (rau cov txheej txheem tom kawg) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov no feem ntau yog sulfonamides thiab hloov cov thisols.

Cov vulcanization kub ntawm roj hmab tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv yog tias cov accelerators koom nrog cov txheej txheem tshuaj: dithiocarbamates lossis xanthates. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub lag luam yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ceev ceev ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 110-125 degrees. Cov kub qis dua (nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 100 degrees) tuaj yeem siv los kho qee cov nplaum thiab cov tshuaj latex siv sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.

kubroj hmab vulcanization
kubroj hmab vulcanization

Cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov roj hmab vulcanization (oligoetheracrylates, peroxides, phenol-formaldehyde resins, thiab lwm yam) ua rau kom tau txais cov khoom uas muaj kev kub ntxhov, muaj zog, thiab txhim kho dielectric zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb (los ntawm cov khau rau khau rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub) yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants (ua kom lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm roj hmab) thiab plasticizers, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cov viscosity ntawm cov khoom thaum ua thiab cov tus nqi ntawm "erasing".

Pom zoo: