2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Natural pob zeb tau siv txij thaum ub los rau kev tsim vaj tse thiab monuments, thiab ntau yam xws li marble thiab granite yog cov nqi siab tshaj. Ob hom pob zeb muaj lub ntsej muag zoo, yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua tau zoo. Lawv yog cov resistant rau txhua yam kev nyuaj siab thiab yog yooj yim ntxuav ntawm av, yog li lawv yog xyaum indispensable nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm facades. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xub paub seb granite txawv li cas ntawm marble.
Granite yam ntxwv
Granite yog cov khoom tsim thaum lub sij hawm qeeb qeeb ntawm magma los yog los ntawm cov petrification ntawm qee cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite suav nrog mica - cov khoom pob tshab, feldspar, thiab quartz. Lub ntuj xim ntawm granite massif yog lub teeb grey, tab sis vim muaj ntau yam impurities, xim zaum kawg yuav txawv:liab, liab, xiav, ntsuab, tsaus grey. Granite muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nplej.
Marble yam ntxwv
Marble yog pob zeb uas muaj calcium thiab magnesium carbonate. Kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom yog ib txwm heterogeneous, muaj streaks thiab stains. Cov xim ntawm marble feem ntau yog lub teeb, thiab ntau yam impurities xim lub pob zeb hauv lwm qhov ntxoov ntxoo: daj, liab, dub. Cov qauv ntawm lub pob zeb yog li ntawd nws tuaj yeem yooj yim polished.
Kev sib piv
Nws tsis tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug uas yog qhov zoo dua, granite lossis marble, vim tias ob qho khoom siv muaj ntau qhov zoo. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm granite thiab marble yog durability. Cov khoom siv no muaj kev tiv taus ntau dua rau kev puas tsuaj thiab hnav, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau hauv pem teb hauv cov chaw pej xeem nrog cov neeg khiav dej num loj, xws li chaw nres tsheb hauv subway, kev ya ntawm cov ntaiv, nrog rau cov rooj zaum thiab cov txee.
Marble yog lub pob zeb xav tau ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm. Nws tsis tshua muaj kev nplua, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tiav cov ntaiv thiab cov plag tsev hauv cov chav uas muaj cov av noo siab, xws li chav dej. Ua tsaug rau nws cov yam ntxwv tsis meej pem, marble yog siv los tsim sculptures thiab monuments, décor ntsiab rau interiors thiab facades. Dab tsi ntxiv marble txawv ntawm granite yog nws fragility. Marble tsis zam lub sijhawm ntev rau qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam tshuaj.
Nws yooj yim to taub los ntawm daim duab yuav ua li cas granite txawv ntawm marble. Thawj cov khoom muaj ib tug variegated, granular xim, thiab lub thib ob yog ntau uniform, nrog elegant veins. Granite tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv: grey ntawm txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo, los ntawm dawb mus rau yuav luag dub, nrog rau paj yeeb, liab, xiav, ntsuab los yog muab ob peb xim tib lub sijhawm. Cov marble yog xim ntau sib npaug hauv cov xim daj, liab lossis dub.
Granite thiab marble rau cov qauv kev cai
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm marble thiab granite rau monuments yog kev ntxhib los mos ntom. Granite yog denser, yuav luag tsis muaj qhov hws, thiab yog li ntawd ntau ruaj. Granite slabs thiab monuments tsis hloov lawv cov tsos thaum lub sij hawm, lawv yooj yim tiv nrog txhua yam kub hloov pauv. Cov qauv ntawm marble, nyob rau hauv lem, yog saturated nrog pores, yog li lub pob zeb absorbs noo noo. Nyob rau hauv Frost, cov kua freezes thiab tawg ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub monument. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, tombstone yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov kua roj vanish lossis cov quav ciab tshwj xeeb ib xyoos ib zaug. Yog tias tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tas li, cov av nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hws, dhau sijhawm, lub monument marble yuav npog nrog stains thiab fungi, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog cov cuab yeej tshaj lij ib zaug txhua 3-5 xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws tsim nyog los ua ib tug pej thuam, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv marble. Vim yog cov qauv malleable, lub pob zeb tuaj yeem muab qhov kev txiav zoo tshaj plaws, ua ncaj ncees rov tsim dua lub ntsej muag thiab lwm yam ntawm cov duab puab.
Granite yog qhov ruaj khov dua, zoo dua rau hauv pem teb hauv cov chaw pej xeem, thiab tombstones ua los ntawm pob zeb no tseem tsis hloov pauvlus tau ntau pua xyoo. Marble yog qhov zoo vim nws yooj yim rau txheej txheem, tsis plam thaum ntub thiab feem ntau zoo li noble. Ob hom khoom siv yog tsim rau kev tsim kho ntawm countertops. Granite tsis qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau kev ua thawj zaug, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau muab curly npoo rau cov panels, tab sis xws li lub rooj xyaum tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas. Marble, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov project. Txhais ntawm qhov project, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv
Lo lus "project" (projectus) yog txhais los ntawm Latin tias "zoo, txav mus tom ntej, protruding." Thiab yog tias koj rov tsim dua lub tswv yim ntawm "txoj haujlwm txhais" hauv Oxford lexicon, koj tau txais: "kev npaj pib ua lag luam zoo, lub tuam txhab tsim tus kheej, lossis kev sib koom ua haujlwm txhawm rau ua tiav cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb"
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm tus neeg ncig xyuas thiab lub koom haum mus ncig: lub tswv yim, txhais, qhov txawv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm
Lo lus "travel agency", "travel agency", " tour operator" zoo li ib txhia neeg. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov tswv yim sib txawv. Txhawm rau nkag siab lawv thiab tsis txhob tsis meej pem ntxiv lawm, peb xav niaj hnub no los kawm seb tus neeg ncig xyuas txawv li cas ntawm lub koom haum mus ncig thiab lub koom haum mus ncig. Qhov kev paub no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg uas tab tom npaj mus ncig ua si yav tom ntej
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tso nyiaj thiab qhov nyiaj pab yog dab tsi, thiab lawv yog dab tsi
Tib neeg nyiam txuag thiab khaws nyiaj, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb no tau paub ntev ntev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm kev koom tes thiab tso nyiaj. Ntau tus txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus zoo li no, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhov no. Kab lus no yuav tham txog seb qhov tso nyiaj txawv li cas ntawm qhov tso nyiaj
Dab tsi yog qhov nyiaj thiab kev pov hwm ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj laus? Lub sij hawm rau kev hloov ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov nyiaj laus. Qhov twg ntawm cov nyiaj laus yog kev tuav pov hwm thiab qhov twg yog nyiaj
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev hloov pauv nyiaj laus tau siv sijhawm ntev, me ntsis dhau kaum xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus pej xeem ua haujlwm tseem tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov nyiaj tau los thiab kev pov hwm ntawm cov nyiaj laus yog dab tsi, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov kev nyab xeeb npaum li cas tos lawv thaum laus. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia hauv kab lus
Dab tsi yog kim dua - granite lossis marble: yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, qeb nqe
Thaum xaiv lub pob zeb, ib tus yuav tsum xav txog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab tsis yog qhov zoo nkauj xwb. Cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog kim dua - marble los yog granite rau ib tug monument - yog nug los ntawm ntau. Tab sis cov nqi ntawm ob qho tib si marble thiab granite muaj ntau haiv neeg