Zeolite - yog dab tsi? Zeolite natural thiab hluavtaws. Zeolite: cov khoom, kev siv, cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub npe ntawm cov pob zeb zoo nkauj no los ntawm Greek zeo - "boil" thiab lithos - "pob zeb", vim tias thaum txo qis rau hauv dej nws npuas nrog huab cua ntev.

Natural zeolite yog thawj zaug. tau piav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lub teeb ntxhia ntawm ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab qhov ntom ntom yog ntawm sedimentary-volcanic keeb kwm thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Druses ntawm qee hom siv lead ua muaj kev txaus siab rau cov neeg sau pob zeb. Cov tshuaj Fabkis txoj "Smecta" yog paub zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom zoo tib yam, dej nrog nws tau sau rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj colic. Nws yog tsim los ntawm hluavtaws zeolite.

Porous structure

Zeolite yog lub npe dav dav rau thav duab aluminosilicates mined hauv deposits thiab tau synthetically. Lawv cov qauv siv lead ua yog sawv cev los ntawm tetrahedra ntawm silicon thiab aluminium oxides ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem lacy nrog cov kab noj hniav ntawm tib qhov loj ntim nrog alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau cations thiab dej molecules.

Vim li cas zeolite muaj nuj nqis thiab nthuav? Cov khoom ntawm lub pob zeb no kom nqus tau thiab poob dej yam tsis tau rhuav tshem cov khoom siv lead ua thiab kev sib pauv ntawm cations pom nws siv los uacatalyst, sorbent, ion exchanger, molecular sieve. Nws yog cov qauv ntxeem tau thiab muaj ntau hom ions uas txiav txim siab nws qhov zoo, ua rau zeolite tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj, nuclear, zaub mov kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, lub neej txhua hnub thiab tshuaj.

Openwork siv lead ua thiab ua haujlwm qias neeg

Zeolite yog ib qho kev sib pauv ion: nws muab cov poov tshuaj thiab calcium ions, lwm yam micro- thiab macroelements, thiab es tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj lom ions thiab khaws cia rau hauv nws cov lattice.

Cov calcined ntxhia muaj peev xwm nqus tau txog li 50% ntawm qhov ntim. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv petrochemistry rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab purification ntawm roj av, rau grouting slurries nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej.

Muaj peev xwm nqus dej tsis tau tsuas yog dej xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom: cov hlau hnyav, nitrates, tshuaj tua kab, radionuclides, roj. Siv nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab cov dej khib nyiab kho cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam.

Tawm hluav taws xob

Kev txaus siab rau zeolites tau nce ntxiv tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Radioactive isotopes ntawm cesium thiab strontium yog txaus ntshai rau tib neeg vim hais tias lub cev pom lawv li calcium thiab potassium ions thiab accumulates lawv. Cov kua dej tsuas muaj cawv thiab cawv liab los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej ntawm sab hauv. Novosibirsk cov kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm kws tshaj lij Vasily Ivanovich Bgatov coj zeolite rau Pripyat. Nws yog av nyob rau hauv ib tug mortar, tov nrog dej, thiab tom qab hloov, cov liquidators tau muab dej. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov neeg koom nrog cov xwm txheej uas tsis kam lees qhov "tus neeg hais lus" no muaj cov cim qhia txog kev mob hluav taws xob hauv daim ntawv.tsis muaj zog, kev hloov pauv hauv cov mis leukocyte, cov hniav lwj tshwm rau qhov tsawg dua.

Xyoo 1998, Litovit tshuaj tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhais tau tias tshem tawm cov xov tooj cua cesium thiab strontium ntawm lub cev.

Yog tsis muaj kev siv zeolite, cov dej ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv Ukraine nrog dej tom qab kev sib tsoo yuav ua tsis tau. Sokirnite los ntawm Transcarpathian deposit yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chaw noj dej ntawm lub Dnieper phiab. Lawv kuj tau tua cov dej khib nyiab tawm hauv Pripyat los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Dhau los ntawm ob-meter txheej ntawm zeolite txo cov dej paug nrog isotopes los ntawm ob qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj.

Tom qab Fukushima raug xwm txheej, cov hnab zeolite kuj tau siv los nqus cov radionuclides, muab pov tseg rau hauv cov kav dej kom txo tau cov pa phem ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv.

Muaj kwv yees li 1000 qhov tso nyiaj hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj zeolite (tuff) tuaj yeem raug khawb rau ntawm qhov loj. Muaj ntau tshaj 20 ntawm lawv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub qub USSR - los ntawm Transcarpathia thiab Transcaucasia mus rau Sakhalin. Tab sis cov nqi lag luam thiab kev xav tau yog qhov zoo li ntawd txij li nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua dhau los hluavtaws zeolite tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv nws, ib feem ntawm cov cations ntawm alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog hloov los ntawm ib tug alkylammonium ion. Kaum ob ntawm cov tsiaj tau raug tsim los, qee qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj analogues. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov amorphous nquag sib tov yog tsim ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 200 ° C.

khoom siv

Slabs ntawm Armenian tuff yuav luagPeb caug ntxoov yog nto moo raws li lub tsev thiab cov khoom tiav nrog cov khoom zoo heev. Cov tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Yerevan thiab ntau lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb tau ntsib nrog nws.

Natural zeolite yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb muaj zog, piv txwv li, rau cov qauv hydraulic, kev tsim kho monolithic. Cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog siv los tsim ua npuas dej thiab cov khoom siv cellular, ceramic bricks.

Kev tsim cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev, cov ntaub ntawv zaj duab xis, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov duab los qhia, ntawv, kua roj vanish, xim, yas - zeolite yuav tsum tau nyob txhua qhov chaw.

rau miv thiab ntses

Ntau hom kev siv hauv tsev yog raws li qhov tseeb tias zeolite yog sorbent. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws rau khau, muab tso rau hauv thoob dej yug ntses thiab miv litter, ntxhiab absorbers rau tub yees, fragrances, qhuav perfumes - qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.

Tab sis cov zeolites hauv cov hmoov ntxhua tsis zoo li tsis pom zoo rau kev siv. Hloov phosphates yog qhov zoo, tab sis cov ntxhia tsis yaj hauv dej, yaug tawm tsis zoo, nyob ntawm cov khoom, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom thaum wringing tawm cov ntaub tsaus. Tab sis lub zeolite nozzle ntawm lub hose uas muab dej rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tshem tawm ntawm kev tsim cov nplai thiab txuag cov tshuaj ntxuav tes.

dej muaj sia

Kev siv zeolite rau kev lim dej ua rau nws tsis tsuas yog tsim nyog siv, tab sis kuj muab nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Dhau los ntawm lub lim, nws yuav zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog haus dej haus, tab sis kuj da dej me nyuam mos, siv nws rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, paj paj thiabseedlings, germinate noob, ncuav rau hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses. Cov kev tshawb fawb sib piv qhia tau hais tias muaj kev lom zem ntau ntawm cov dej purified los ntawm zeolite. Yog tias tsis muaj cov lim dej zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov pob zeb hauv av (muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj), yaug, muab tso rau hauv peb-liter hub, thiab nyiam dua ob. Dej tom qab 12 teev tuaj yeem siv tau. Los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm, lub zeolite yog qhuav thiab calcined, tab sis tom qab peb lub hlis nws yuav tsum tau hloov. Cov pob zeb siv yuav tsum tsis txhob nchuav rau hauv cov paj hauv tsev, vim tias lawv khaws ntau yam teeb meem.

Leej twg yog lithophages?

Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsiaj qus nyiam nrhiav thiab yaim ntsev tsis muaj tseeb kiag li. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lawv yaim thiab noj pob zeb tsim thaum pob zeb tawg. Cov pob zeb no tsis yog ntsev kiag li, tab sis muaj montmorillonite, clinoptilolite thiab lwm yam zeolites.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj pob zeb, av nplaum, chalk (los yog lithophagy) yog dav dav hauv cov tsiaj, ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj kev vam meej, qee zaum cov menyuam yaus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov no. Ua li no, lawv instinctively replenish qhov xav tau rau cov zaub mov thiab kho.

pob zeb ntawm lub neej

Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus zeolites tuaj yeem noj tau. Kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam nrog cov koob phom sij txaus ntshai. Hauv tebchaws Russia, tsuas yog ib qho zeolite tau lees paub rau zaub mov thiab kho mob lub hom phiaj - clinoptilolite ntawm Kholinsky tso nyiaj hauv Buryatia nrog cov qauv oval. Nws tau siv li ntawm 20 xyoo los tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg ntxiv "Litovit" - lub pob zeb ntawm lub neej. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hmoov, granules, ntsiav tshuaj los ntawm ib tug zeolite los yog nrog ntxiv ntawm bran, fungus, probiotics, tshuaj nroj tsuag. Pom zoo siv thiab xa tawm hauv 10 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, thawj zaug tau lees paub hauv He althy Eating - He alth of the Nation program.

Cov lus qhia rau nws siv yog qhov dav heev: mob hnyav, mob qaug dab peg, ua xua, kab mob metabolic, kab mob siab, kab mob bronchopulmonary, ntau yam mob tsis txaus (anemia, osteoporosis, arrhythmia, convulsions) thiab tiv thaiv lawv.

Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias kev noj tshuaj Litovit yuav tsum tau muab faib rau lub sijhawm nrog kev siv tshuaj tsawg kawg ib teev thiab ib nrab, tsis yog hloov kho nrog lawv. Nov yog ib qho tshuaj ntxiv thiab tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv lub cev, zeolite ua tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug sorbent uas ntxuav cov teeb meem tshuaj, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug pub ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Lawv kuj ua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab lub ntsej muag zoo rau kev ntxuav thiab tu tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub cev.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj, nws yog qhov xav tau rau chromatography, purification ntawm insulin thiab ntshav, tsis ua txhaum cov protein muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua roj ntsha.

rau cov kua mis tawm thiab sau

Natural zeolite kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb - ua cov khoom siv ntxhia zoo rau cov tsiaj, tsiaj txhu loj thiab me, nqaij qaib thiab ntses, nrog rau cov av txhim kho thiab chiv rau cov nroj tsuag zaub mov.

Txhim kho cov av. kev noj zaub mov nrog nws ua rau kev rov zoo, kev loj hlob sai, nce qhov hnyav, thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Ci ntsa iab lub tsho tiv no, zoo qab los noj mov, muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv, cov hniav muaj zog, cov pob txha thiabegghells, siab mis yields - cov no yog cov cim qhia ntawm txaus ntxhia nyob rau hauv creatures.

Zeolite yog tsim nyog los txhim kho cov av. Nws yog siv rau cov paj hauv tsev, hauv tsev cog khoom, zaub vaj, thaum npaj cov nyom, cov chaw ntaus golf, cog ntoo, ua qoob loo rau cov qoob loo. Dej permeability, aeration nce, acid thiab ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av normalizes. Ib daim ntawv thov ntawm zeolite khaws nws cov nyhuv rau 5 xyoos. Cov nroj tsuag tau mob tsawg dua, txhim kho zoo dua, tsim qoob loo ntau dua. Kev mob siab rau ib puag ncig teeb meem yuam kom peb nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Zeolite yog ib qho khoom siv tsis tau rau kev daws teeb meem.