Coking thee yog dab tsi thiab siv qhov twg

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Qhov nce ntawm cov nqi roj thiab kev tshawb nrhiav lwm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob tsis yog tsuas yog coj mus rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tab sis ua rau pom lwm tus, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig cov khoom siv tsawg - thee. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam yog coking thee. Dab tsi yog nws tus nqi thiab qhov twg nws yog mined yog piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

coking coal yog dab tsi

Qhov no yog cov thee tawv, los ntawm cov coke ntawm qee lub zog thiab qhov loj me tau txais nyob rau hauv coking. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam thiab yog nyob rau hauv kev xav tau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Yog li, coking thee yog siv los ua cov roj tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau thiab lub zog.

Coking coals txawv ntawm lwm cov roj av bituminous hauv lawv lub peev xwm mus rau hauv lub xeev yas thiab sinter thaum raug kub siab yam tsis muaj oxygen.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm coking thee

Coking thee hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov hmoov tshauv tsawg (tsawg dua 10%), cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo (los ntawm 15 txog 37%) thiab leej faj(tsawg dua 3.5%). Piv nrog rau lwm hom thee, coking coals muaj qhov kub siab combustion thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm impurities. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws coking. Yog li, ua ntej ua cov thee, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, coking peev, caking peev thiab lwm yam ntsuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, cov hauv qab no yog siv cov thee rau coking:

• K - coke.
• F - rog.
• G - gas.
• OS - lean-sintering.
• SS - nkig heev.

txheej txheem ua noj

Coking yog txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev hloov cov thee rau hauv coke. Nws muaj ob peb theem. Thawj theem, cov thee tau npaj rau coking. Cov mined thee yog crushed thiab tshwj xeeb sib tov yog tsim - nqi. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog coking. Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb chamber ntawm ib tug coke qhov cub siv roj cua sov. Cov sib tov npaj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub rau 15 teev, qhov twg txhua lub sijhawm no qhov kub thiab txias tau nce mus rau 1000ºС. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog "coke ncuav mog qab zib."

Coking thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv ntau dhau lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tso cai rau kev tsim cov thee tshiab.

Raws li kev kwv yees, kwv yees li 10% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov thee tawv tawv yog coking. Qhov tseeb no lees paub qhov kev thov siab ntawm kev lag luam rau cokingcoals.

Qhov txawv ntawm coking thiab thermal thee

Tus nqi loj tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam yog muab los ntawm coking thee, uas yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem roj hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, rau hlau smelting. Lub ntsiab feature uas distinguishes coking thee los ntawm lub hwj chim thee yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug vitren. Qhov no yog cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov thee, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev decomposition ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum tsis muaj oxygen. Cov khoom ntawm vitren muaj nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm yaj thiab sinter nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kub kub. Yog li, cov microparticles ntawm cov thee lo ua ke rau hauv ib qho hnyav. Qhov ntau dua qhov concentration ntawm vitren, ntau dua qhov zoo ntawm coking ntawm cov thee.

Cov khoom fusible ntau tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm cov thee: coke, gas, fatty, lean-caking thiab coke fat.

Cov qib roj

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov thee, uas txawv hauv kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev ua haujlwm sintering thiab cov khoom tsis haum. Tsuas yog ob peb qib ntawm cov thee tsim nyog rau coking. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tsim nyog rau sintering hauv lawv daim ntawv ntshiab. Qee zaum qee cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Yog li, muaj cov qib hauv qab no ntawm coking thee:

1. K - coke. Thaum coking no hom ntawm thee nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv, txheem metallurgical coke yog tau. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov thee zoo tshaj plaws, lwm qib ntxiv - ua siab tawv lossisgas.
2. KZh - coke fat. Nws muaj peev xwm coking zoo tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog siv los tsim coke yam tsis ntxiv lwm qib ntawm cov thee. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm coking roj thee muaj txog li 30% ntawm cov volatile Cheebtsam. Vitren kev xav - 1.3%. Lub thickness ntawm cov yas yog 18 hli. Yog tsis hloov qhov zoo ntawm coke, nws raug tso cai ntxiv txog li 20% ntawm CS, OS thiab KO rau hom no.
3. KO - coke lean. Cov txheej thickness yog 10-12 hli, vitren reflection yog mus txog 1%. Raws li txoj cai, hom no tsis yog siv cais, tab sis tsuas yog ua ke nrog ZhK thiab GZh thee.
4. KSN - coke low-caking low-metamorphosis. Thaum lub sij hawm sintering, hom thee no tsim cov coke uas tsis tshua muaj zog, yog li nws tsuas yog siv rau sintering nrog rau lwm qib lossis tsim syngas.
5. KS – low-caking coke. Lub thickness ntawm cov yas yog li 9 hli. Characterized los ntawm tsawg sintering. Coal qib KS yog siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab coke ua cov khoom siv lean. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau qee qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim khoom rau txheej combustion.
6. GK - gas coking. Thaum coking, ib coke zoo-fused tau txais, tab sis nrog cov neeg kho tshuab tsis muaj zog. Cov khoom sintered tau yooj yim muab faib ua me me. Feem ntau cov roj thee yog siv hauv kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov coking coals.

Cov qib hauv qab no ntawm coking thee tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau sintering: fatty, me ntsis caking, roj, lean-sintering thiab coke hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Lawv muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm impurities, thiab lawv muaj siabplasticity.

thaj chaw thov

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm coking thee yog cov roj muaj roj. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion, coking thee tso tawm ntau lub zog cua sov. Yog li, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov roj no yog 470ºС. Tab sis kev hlawv tsis yog tib txoj hauv kev los rho tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov pob txha no. Muaj ntau lwm yam kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws uas siv cov coking thee zoo. Kev siv cov peev txheej ntuj no hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov hmoov txhuas, molybdenum, zinc, germanium, sulfur, gallium thiab lwm yam tshuaj los ntawm nws. Cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam thee kuj muaj cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Yog li, lawv tau ua tiav rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv refractory thiab abrasives. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho kuj yog tsim los ntawm pov tseg.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 300 ntau yam ntawm cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm pob zeb roj. Coal yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov carbon-graphite structural ntsiab, high-nitric acids, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv chiv. Cov tshuaj uas raug tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm coking muaj kev siv tau zoo. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm qhuav distillation, thee tar thiab ammonia dej yog tsim. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.

Ntxiv rau, coking ua cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj benzene, phenol, ammonia thiab toluene. Lawv ua hauj lwm los ntawm lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.

Coking thee ntau lawm hauv Ukraine

Coking thee hauv Ukraine feem ntau yog sivmetallurgical kev lag luam. Yog li, metallurgy suav txog li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kev thov rau hom roj no. Kev lag luam extractive ntawm lub teb chaws muab coking thee rau hauv kev lag luam tsuas yog 60%. Qhov seem 40% ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug xa tawm. Tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm coking thee rau Ukraine yog Russia.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, lub tebchaws tau pom qhov kev thov ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog vim kev poob qis hauv kev tsim khoom hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv raw hauv tsev tau poob vim qhov txo qis hauv nws qhov zoo, txij li cov nroj tsuag metallurgical tsis tuaj yeem siv cov thee nrog cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab.

Hauv Ukraine, coking thee yog mined hauv lub phiab: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov thee reserves yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub Donetsk, Luhansk thiab Dnepropetrovsk cheeb tsam. Tam sim no, vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev tsim cov coking thee nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Ukraine tau raug ncua.

Coal mining hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ntau qhov tso nyiaj ntawm cov thee. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, lub teb chaws occupies ib tug ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thee reserves. Ntau tshaj 67% ntawm lawv yog cov thee tawv. Ntawm no, 10% yog coking coals.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, coking thee yog mined nyob rau hauv lub basins: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk thiab Kizelovsk. Thawj ob lub phiab tsim cov thee ntau tshaj.

Coking thee reserves nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation muaj txog 47.3 billion tons. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem me me yog siv tau. ATNyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, zus tau tej cov coking thee nyob rau hauv Russia yog nyob rau theem ntawm 70 lab tons ib xyoo. Qhov no txaus los muab lub teb chaws cov tuam txhab lag luam nrog cov ntaub ntawv raw.

Coking thee hauv Russia yog mined ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Kev nce hauv cov thee ntau lawm yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv raw li no, vim yog kev loj hlob ntawm metallurgical thiab lwm yam sectors ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam.

Coking thee market outlook

Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, kev lag luam thee Lavxias tseem tos rau kev hloov pauv. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam yuav cuam tshuam rau txoj kab ntsug ntawm cov thee ntau lawm. Yog li, lub xeev txoj cai muab rau kev tsim cov chaw siv hluav taws xob me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm cov thee mines. Nws tseem tau npaj los txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm cov chaw lag luam thee-tsuas tso cai rau cov thee ua tiav rau hauv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg hluavtaws roj.

Raws li kev muag khoom ntim, kev thov rau coking thee hauv Russia yuav loj hlob. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntxiv rau steel mills, non-ferrous metallurgy thiab ntau lwm yam lag luam siv coke. Yog li, rau kev tsim cov 1 tuj npua hlau, kwv yees li 0.4 tons ntawm coke yog xav tau. Thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau nws hloov pauv nrog cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua yog siv rau qhov txwv.

Tshaj tawm hauv ntiaj teb coking thee lag luam

Hnub no, ntau lub tuam txhab thee ntawm txhua lub tebchaws tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm tus nqi qis rau coking thee. Qhov teeb meem no yog exacerbated los ntawm lub xeev uas muab coke nyob rau hauv ntau ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntshaw ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom txo cov nqi muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nqi. Lwm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom steel kom txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj, qhov kev thov rau coking thee tseem loj hlob, tab sis qhov no yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam siab dua. Tab sis feem ntau, qhov ntim ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm raw khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam yog poob.

Me ntsis stabilized qhov xwm txheej nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Asmeskas kev lag luam. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm nws tseem poob qis vim qhov kev thov qis dua rau cov hlau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, coking thee ntau lawm hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe yuav raug txo.

Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij kwv yees qhov nce ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Is Nrias teb. Hais txog kev xa khoom ntawm coking thee, lub teb chaws no nyob rau qib thib peb hauv ntiaj teb.

Nqe raw khoom

Nyob rau lub quarter thib ob ntawm 2015 muaj qhov txo nqi rau coking thee. Cov tuam txhab loj thoob ntiaj teb muab cov khoom siv raw ntawm tus nqi uas yog 5-10% qis dua piv rau thawj peb lub hlis twg. Yog li, lub tuam txhab South African Anglo American muab Nyij Pooj qhov zoo tshaj plaws coking thee ntawm $ 116 ib 1 tuj. Tus nqi nruab nrab rau 1 tuj coking thee yog $117.