Levkoy: loj hlob los ntawm cov noob, cog thiab tu, loj hlob nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tsis muaj tib neeg tsim tuaj yeem phim qhov zoo nkauj ntawm paj zoo tib yam. Paj dai peb lub tsev nrog lub vaj, txhawb cov kws kos duab thiab cov kws sau paj huam los tsim cov txuj ci zoo nkauj. Txawm tias ib tug novice gardener tuaj yeem yooj yim kho nws lub vaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv qhov zoo seedlings thiab loj hlob ib tug noj qab nyob zoo nroj tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kos duab ntawm kev cog qoob loo paub tsis muaj kev cia siab. Tsuas yog cov kws paub txog kev paub dhau los muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho txuj ci tiag tiag hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv toj roob hauv pes.

Gardens of antiquity

Nyob rau hauv lub vaj ntawm ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, lawv nyiam cog paj paj ntawm mattiola (lub npe niaj hnub no yog levkoy). Lub npe nws tus kheej los ntawm kab lus lub ntsiab lus "dawb violet". Cov nroj tsuag muaj nuj nqis rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab ntxhiab.

Nyob hauv Hnub Nyoog Kawg, lawv nyiam kho cov tuam tsev. Ib puas xyoo dhau los, cov paj no nrov heev. Thaum lub sij hawm, lawv pib cog tsawg dua. Niaj hnub no, muaj kev rov tshwm sim ntawm kev txaus siab rau paj cog los ntawm cov noob,levkoy. Nws ib txwm tseem yog qhov paub tsis meej tias muaj pes tsawg lub paj terry yuav yog, thiab pes tsawg plaub-petal inflorescences.

Biological Description

Lub paj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Levkoy, loj hlob los ntawm cov noob hauv peb lub vaj, muaj lub npe tshawb fawb Matthiola incana. Cov nroj tsuag tau piav qhia thawj zaug los ntawm Italian botanist Pietro Mattiole nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Muaj variants ntawm txhua xyoo thiab perennial nroj tsuag. Qhov siab - nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 80 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm muaj ob qho tib si stems thiab yog ib tug shrub hom. Lub hauv paus yog ntiav. Nws yog me ntsis branching nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.

Nplooj ntev - 5-18 cm txhua, lanceolate, tag nrho txiav. Obovate nyob rau hauv cov duab, tapering rau petiole.

paj yog cov tsw qab, sau hauv inflorescences ntawm 10-60 daim. Ntawm ib tsob nroj muaj kev xaiv yooj yim thiab terry. Lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws txog paj yog nthuav tawm los ntawm daim duab ntawm Levkoy. Loj hlob los ntawm noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm central Russia yog ua tau siv seedlings. Cov nroj tsuag blooms los ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj mus rau Frost. Muaj ntau yam xim.

Cov paj tuaj yeem ua dawb dawb lossis muaj ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo - liab, lilac. Liab, ntshav liab kuj nrov.

thaj chaw faib khoom

Cov nroj tsuag tuaj ntawm Southern Europe. Pom tau thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean thiab Asia Minor. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Mus rau sab qaum teb tsuas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov nroj tsuag txawv txawv. Nyiam steppe thiab hav zoov-steppe zones.

Loj hlob hauv tsev los ntawm cov noob. Loj hlob levkoy tuaj yeem ua tiavtxawm nyob rau hauv lub latitudes ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow thiab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub peev.

YGrowing Technology

Agrotechnics ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Loj hlob levkoy los ntawm noob nyob rau hauv tsev yog muaj txawm rau ib tug novice gardener. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm central Russia, ib tug seedling txoj kev yog siv. Qhov no zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Frost, nce lub sij hawm paj thiab tiv thaiv lub paj los ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo thaum ntxov ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

Kev npaj noob

Hnub no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov noob zoo ntawm yuav luag txhua tsob ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov lawv tau yoog rau qhov chaw tsaws.

Cov neeg cog qoob loo loj feem ntau suav nrog cov lus qhia rau kev loj hlob levkoy los ntawm cov noob, tab sis nws tsis mob kom paub qee qhov kev lees paub feem ntau. Cog rau seedlings yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub Peb Hlis, thaum nruab hnub lub sij hawm twb tau ntev txaus. Yog li, cov nroj tsuag muaj sij hawm kom muaj zog ua ntej transplanting mus rau hauv av qhib. Rau sowing, coj vaj av lightened nrog xuab zeb. Piv txwv 3: 1. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ntxiv qee qhov siab-moor peat.

Cov noob ua ntej yog tsau rau ib hnub hauv dej nrog ntxiv ntawm cov germination accelerator. Tom qab ntawd, rau stratification ntawm ntub gauze, lawv muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw txias. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub substrate tsis qhuav tawm. Lawv sown rau hauv av, tsis muaj thickening, mus rau ib tug tob ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 5 mm. Npog nrog zaj duab xis lossis iav, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo thiab sov.

Cov av uas muaj qoob loo tsis tu ncua moistenedlos ntawm ib lub raj mis tsuag. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav tawm, tab sis tsis pub dhau noo noo. Sprouts tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 4-5 hnub. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj yog lawv tsis nyob 2 lub lis piam. Thaum loj hlob levkoy los ntawm noob, seedlings yuav tsum tau dived. Qhov no tshwm sim ua ntej kev loj hlob ntawm thawj ob nplooj tseeb - kwv yees li 10-12 hnub tom qab cov tsos ntawm sprouts.

Kev xaiv nqa ib lub thawv - peat, ntawv lossis yas tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm yuav ib qho kev npaj ua vaj sib tov rau paj qoob loo, ces koj tuaj yeem ua noj rau koj tus kheej. Siv 2 feem ntawm cov av soddy, ntxiv 2 feem ntawm nplooj los yog high-moor peat thiab 1 feem ntawm xuab zeb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov av thiab xuab zeb tsis muaj kab tsuag. Thaum transplanting seedlings, lub ntiaj teb sov mus rau chav tsev kub thiab yog moistened. Cov noob tau cog rau hauv qhov chaw ci, ntawm qhov kub txog li 11oC. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem hais txog phytolamp.

Tom qab pom cov nplooj tiag tiag thib ob, cov nroj tsuag tau noj nrog cov chiv micronutrient. 1.5 lub lis piam ua ntej cog rau hauv av qhib, seedlings ntawm levkoy zus los ntawm noob yog hardened. Ua ntej ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd rau tag nrho hnub lawv raug coj tawm mus rau saum huab cua lossis muab tso rau hauv lub tsev cog khoom, uas qhib rau hnub.

cog sab nraum zoov

Zoo li cov nroj tsuag Mediterranean, lub paj no nyiam cov av zoo. Seedlings tsis zam ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv kub. Rau kev hloov pauv, koj yuav tsum xaiv hnub huab cua thaum lub Tsib Hlis lig - ntxovLub Rau Hli. Huab cua nws tus kheej yuav qhia rau koj thaum twg cog levkoy. Loj hlob seedlings los ntawm noob yog ib tug ncaj ncaj txheej txheem. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hloov pauv hauv av qhib raws sijhawm.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis yog npaj yuav tsum yog 10-15 cm. Rau paj nrog pyramidal thiab bouquet inflorescences - 20-25 cm, sprawling thiab shrubby - yam tsawg 30 cm.

Seedlings zus los ntawm levkoy noob tau muab tso rau hauv qhov dej nrog zoo-spilled av. Txhawm rau tsim cov av slurry hauv qab. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cov hauv paus hniav hloov tau zoo dua. Yog hais tias peat pots tau siv, ces lub hav txwv yeem tsis rub tawm ntawm lawv. Cov lauj kaub no lawv tus kheej sai sai decompose hauv av.

Pob paj qhov twg?

Qhov chaw tsaws yog xaiv qhov chaw zoo thiab nrog cov av ntws. Cov nroj tsuag tsis zam cov dej sawv ntsug. Neutral lossis me ntsis alkaline av yog nyiam. Tsis pom zoo fertilization ntau dhau. Cov cheeb tsam uas cov nroj tsuag cruciferous tau loj hlob yav dhau los yuav tsum tau zam, vim tias txoj hauv kev muaj kab tsuag kab mob ntawm lub paj nce.

Tus neeg saib xyuas txheeb xyuas cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no:

• Single-stemmed, tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si undersized thiab siab txog 60 cm. Yog hais tias noj rau bouquets, ces nws yog tsim nyog rub tawm nrog rau hauv paus. Ua li no lawv yuav kav ntev dua hauv lub vase. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov paj zoo li no yog Gigantic Excelsior siab txog 60 cm siab thiab Pob Zeb Diamond, tsis tshaj 30-50 cm siab.
• Pob paj thiab pyramidal zoo haum rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. bouquets,tsim los ntawm cov paj no, lawv saib zoo, nthuav tawm ib qho qab ntxiag aroma. Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm bouquets, Victoria thiab Dwarf tuaj yeem sau tseg, tsis pub tshaj 35 cm. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias Dwarf ntau yam loj hlob zoo hauv tsev. Lwm ntau yam - Exa, hais txog cov nroj tsuag siab. Nws muaj ib tug Bush qhov siab ntawm 60 cm. Ntawm cov pyramidal qis ntau yam, Kaum-lub lim tiam thiab loj-flowered paub. Ntawm mid-flowered - Erfurt.
• Siv cov hav txwv yeem nrog qhov siab txog 50-60 cm lossis ntau dua muaj cov paj loj loj sau hauv inflorescences. Lawv yuav ua kom zoo nkauj txhua qhov chaw ua si thiab zoo siab nrog lawv cov inflorescences txog li 100 hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob ntawm Bush levkoy yog tsis txawv los ntawm dog dig ib leeg-stemmed paj. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog - Dresden, Bismarck, Bomba.

Loj hlob paj hauv lub vaj, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv cov kab mob lossis tua kab tsuag. Nws yog ib txwm yooj yim dua los tiv thaiv ib qho xwm txheej dua li daws nws tom qab. Ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog:

• Cruciferous fleas - pub rau ntawm cov nplooj ntawm nplooj. Feem ntau ua rau tuag ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Ib txoj kev yooj yim sib ntaus yog plua plav cov nroj tsuag nrog ntoo tshauv av.
• Rape beetle - nyob rau ntawm inflorescences thiab puas stamens nrog pistils. Cov paj qhuav qhuav.
• Ib kab ntau yog kab yoov. Nws larvae puas cov hauv paus hniav. Cov kab ntsig noj cov hauv qab ntawm nplooj. Nws yog tsim nyog sib ntaus sib tua thaum cov nroj tsuagpaj tawg. Sprinkle nrog sib tov ntawm 1 feem ntawm haus luam yeeb hmoov av thiab 1 feem ntoo tshauv. Yog tias muaj mob hnyav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv tshuaj.
• kab mob fungal ntawm cov hauv paus hniav - cruciferous keel. Outwardly, nws zoo li tsim ntawm kev loj hlob. Cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem, thiab lub ntiaj teb yog npog nrog ceev lime. Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov kab mob fungal tuaj yeem nyob hauv av tsawg kawg 5 xyoos.
• Dub ceg - feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov yub. Lub qia pib tig dub thiab rot, cov nroj tsuag tuag. Koj tuaj yeem sib ntaus los ntawm kev ntxiv poov tshuaj permanganate thaum ywg dej thiab muab qhov cua zoo. Nws tsim nyog siv cov noob los ntawm cov tuam txhab txhim khu kev qha.
• Verticillium wilt (kab mob kis) - ua rau cov hauv paus rot. Feem ntau manifested thaum budding tshwm sim. Cov kab mob raug puas tsuaj. Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, agrotechnical txoj kev ntawm cov qoob loo tig tau siv.
• Mosaic levkoy - kab mob kis. Spots tshwm ntawm nplooj nrog petals. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob.

Lub caij ntuj no

Levkoy yog tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog, tab sis tsis zam qhov txias txias. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no txias, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia. Yog li ntawd, lub paj yog cultivated raws li ib tug txhua xyoo nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, ua ntej Frost, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm hauv av thiab puas. Lub site tab tom raug khawb.

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia koj tuaj yeem txuag tsob ntoo. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob rau qhov tsis zoo, bushes raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab cov av yog mulched. Fertilize yog tsim nyog.

Cov neeg uas xav mus txuas ntxiv kom txaus siab rau lub paj thaum lub caij ntuj no tuaj yeem khawb nws thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub lauj kaub paj. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus zoo, nws yuav tawg tau ntev thiab zoo siab rau tus tswv nrog nws cov ntxhiab tsw zoo nkauj nrog cov paj zoo nkauj.