X-22 cruise missile: peev xwm thiab lub hom phiaj
X-22 cruise missile: peev xwm thiab lub hom phiaj

Video: X-22 cruise missile: peev xwm thiab lub hom phiaj

Video: X-22 cruise missile: peev xwm thiab lub hom phiaj
Video: New Laj Tsawb Hlub Tsis Muaj Tso Yuav Nciam Ntawm Koj Mus 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

X-22 Burya yog Soviet / Lavxias teb sab cruise missile tiv thaiv nkoj, ib feem ntawm K-22 aviation missile system. Nws yog tsim los tua cov ntsiab lus thiab cheeb tsam radar-zoo sib xws lub hom phiaj siv lub nuclear lossis siab-explosive-cumulative warhead. Los ntawm kab lus no koj yuav tau paub txog cov lus piav qhia thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub missile Kh-22.

Creation

Lub Rau Hli 17, 1958, raws li Txoj Cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev tsim K-22 aviation thiab missile system, rau nws ntxiv kev teeb tsa ntawm Tu-22 supersonic foob pob tawg.. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus yog Kh-22 Burya cruise missile. Lub Dubna ceg ntawm OKB-155 coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub complex. Lub foob pob hluav taws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob hom: txhawm rau rhuav tshem ib tus neeg lub nkoj (radar-qhov sib piv cov ntsiab lus) thiab cov dav hlau thauj khoom thauj lossis kev thauj mus los (cov hom phiaj tiag tiag). Cov kev taw qhia tau tsim nyob rau hauv KB-1 GKRE nyob rau hauv peb versions ib zaug: nrog ib tug nquag RGSN (radar homing taub hau), nrog ib tug passive RGSN thiab nrog ib tug autonomous PSI track finder.

cruise missileX-22
cruise missileX-22

Tests and improvements

Thawj qhov qauv ntawm lub kaw lus tau tsim los ntawm 1962 ntawm cov nroj tsuag No. 256 GKAT. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pib ntawm lub nkoj hloov dua siab tshiab Tu-16K-22 aircraft. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sim, cov engineers nrhiav tau ntau yam teeb meem uas tsuas yog daws tau los ntawm 1967, thaum lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub active RGSN tau txais los ntawm USSR. Serial ntau lawm tau pib ntawm cov nroj tsuag naj npawb 256, thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Ulyanovsk tshuab-tsev cog.

Kev txhim kho ntawm Kh-22PSI variant rub mus ntev dua. Lub foob pob hluav taws no nkag mus rau kev pabcuam tsuas yog xyoo 1971. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib pab pawg neeg tsim qauv uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws creation, nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm A. L. Bereznyak, tau txais lub State nqi zog.

Raws li qhov kev xaiv thib peb nrog RGSN passive, thaum tsim nws, cov neeg tsim qauv tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem, uas lawv tau tswj hwm los ntawm lub sijhawm hloov kho tom ntej ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau tsim.

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm X-22 missile, lub peev xwm ntawm Long-Range Aviation tau nthuav dav heev. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Tu-22K dav hlau nruab nrog cov riam phom no yog lub dav hlau thauj neeg tawm tsam pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab liam. Lub missile system tshiab kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv txhawj xeeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab 2-3 lub davhlau ntawm lub dav hlau raug ncua, cov cuaj luaj feem ntau ua tsis tiav, thiab cov roj lom thiab cov oxidizer aggressive tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd los ua qhov ua rau muaj xwm txheej loj. QUO ntawm PSI version yog ob peb puas meters. Qhov no tsis txaus rau kev ua tiav kev tawm tsam ntawm cov phiaj xwm taw tes. Yog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov twg, es tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tuaunits, missiles tau nruab nrog ib tug KTA system, uas muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub riam phom, mus zoo, ces thaum firing nyob rau hauv cov tub rog units, feem ntau muaj ib tug teeb meem nrog rau qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tswj system. Qhov ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo feem ntau yog huab cua muaj kuab paug thiab ua txhaum cai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub compartments ntawm cov tswj system. Kev lim dej tau pab kho qhov xwm txheej ib nrab.

Kev hloov kho

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov foob pob hluav taws X-22, nws tau txais ob peb qhov kev hloov kho.

Tus qauv hauv paus hu ua X-22PG. Nws tau nruab nrog RGSN nquag thiab tau npaj los ntaus cov ntsiab lus, uas yog, cov hom phiaj ib leeg. Xws li lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub siab-explosive-cumulative lossis thermonuclear warhead. Thawj lub taub hau muaj qhov ntsuas "M", thiab qhov thib ob - "H". Lub hauv paus Kh-22 Burya cruise missile tau teeb tsa rau plaub lub qauv ntawm Tu-22 aircraft: K, KD, KP thiab KPD.

Rocket X-22 "Storm"
Rocket X-22 "Storm"

Lwm cov qauv (lub xyoo ntawm kev saws me nyuam yog qhia nyob rau hauv brackets):

  1. X-22PSI (1971).
  2. X-22MA (1974). Tau nce davhlau ceev mus rau 4000 km / h.
  3. X-22MP (1974). Tau txais qhov kev taw qhia passive thiab ceev tau nce mus rau 4000 km / h.
  4. X-22P (1976). Lub passive RGSN ntawm lub missile no yog tsom rau cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov khoom siv xov tooj cua. Cov qauv no tau txais lub taub hau nrog kev them nqi yooj yim ntawm lub zog txo.
  5. X-22M (1976). Lub missile Kh-22M txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov kho yav dhau los los ntawm nws qhov ceev tau nce mus rau 4000 km / h.
  6. X-22NA (1976). Nruab nrog ib qho inertial tswj system nrog qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov khoraws li qhov chaw.
  7. X-BB. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sim hloov kho, qhov ceev uas mus txog Mach 6, thiab lub davhlau qhov siab - 70 kilometers. Thaum xyoo 1980s, lub foob pob hluav taws tau raug sim. Vim muaj ntau yam teeb meem daws tsis tau, nws yeej tsis tau txais.
  8. X-32 (2016). Nws yog ib qho kev niaj hnub sib sib zog nqus ntawm Kh-22 supersonic cruise missile. Cov kev hloov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam txog lub cav, kev taw qhia thiab lub teeb yuag warhead. Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws no tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab-1990s thiab nres ob peb zaug. Tsuas yog xyoo 1998 tau ua thawj qhov kev sim ua ntej.
  9. Rainbow-D2. Nyob rau hauv 1997, lub chaw soj nstuam ya hypersonic tau nthuav tawm, tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Kh-22 cruise missile ntawm K-22 system. Nws tuaj yeem nqa tau txog 800 kg ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tib lub sijhawm txhim kho 6.5 m ntawm kev ceev. Lub zog cog ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws no muaj lub tshuab cua-ramjet thiab lub foob pob hluav taws. Nws yog launched los ntawm Tu-22M3 aircraft.

khoom

Thaum tsim lub foob pob hluav taws X-22, thawj qhov xwm txheej yog tswj hwm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum ya nyob ze rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov chaw ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws kub txog 420 ° C. Yog li, kev siv cov txhuas alloys, uas tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam foob pob hluav taws thiab dav hlau, tab sis "cia" tsuas yog 130 ° C, yog tsis yooj yim sua. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum tau tso tseg ntau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua rau poob ntawm cov qauv thiab lub zog nrog cua sov. Yog li ntawd, stainless hlau thiab titanium raug xaiv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Rau kev tsim khoom lojcov ntsiab lus, vuam tau dav siv.

Lub zog ntawm lub fuselage, tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov tawv nqaij thiab qee cov pob txha uas tau kub dhau yog ua los ntawm titanium alloy. Thaum tshav kub kub shields thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus yog ua los ntawm titanium. Cov mats tshwj xeeb tau siv rau sab hauv thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov ntsiab lus sab hauv ntawm lub thav duab rau cov khoom siv, nrog rau cov kab teeb thiab thav duab rau cov khoom siv mounting, yog tsim los ntawm qhov loj-loj casting los ntawm lub teeb magnesium alloys.

Thaum tsim cov iav-textolite xov tooj cua-pob tshab fairings rau lub taub hau lub taub hau, cov neeg tsim khoom tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tau los tswj lawv cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub txog li 400 ° C. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, fairings tau ua los ntawm cov nplaum uas tiv taus tshav kub, cov khoom siv xov tooj cua pob tshab, quartz fabrics thiab cov ntxhia fibers.

Supersonic cruise missile Kh-22
Supersonic cruise missile Kh-22

Layout

Kh-22 missile, nws daim duab tuaj yeem yuam kev rau daim duab ntawm lub dav hlau, muaj lub glider tsim raws li ib txwm muaj aerodynamic scheme - tis thiab stabilizer nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Lub fuselage muaj plaub qhov chaw, uas tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm flange. Nyob rau hauv lub hneev ntawm lub hull, nyob ntawm seb lub version ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij, muaj ib lub taub hau homing, ib tug radar coordinator, los yog ib tug DISS ntawm ib tug autonomous mos txwv counter. Kuj tseem muaj kev thaiv kev tswj hwm. Nws yog ua raws li cov blocks ntawm huab cua thiab kev sib cuag fuses, lub taub hau, tank-compartments nrog roj Cheebtsam, nrog rau lub zog compartment nrog roj teeb, ib tug autopilot thiabtank pressurization khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub tail seem muaj actuating steering gears, ib tug turbopump engine unit thiab ib tug ob-chamber kua-propellant foob pob ua ntxaij cav (LPRE) ntawm tus qauv R201-300. Lub missile Kh-22, cov yam ntxwv uas peb tab tom xav txog niaj hnub no, muaj roj cia ntawm 3 tons.

Cov chav loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog cov tank-compartments. Lawv yog nyias-walled lug nrog ib tug load-bearing teeb, welded los ntawm corrosion-resistant steel. Cov compartments tseem nqa cov ntsiab lus txuas tis. Vim lub zog muaj zog, lub foob pob hluav taws muaj tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev txiav tawm uas ua rau cov qauv tsis muaj zog.

Lub tis daim duab peb sab nrog cheb ntawm 75 °, raws ntug kev muaj supersonic symmetrical profile, tus txheeb ze thickness yog 2%. Ib theem txaus ntawm lub zog thiab rigidity ntawm tis, nrog nws qhov siab ntawm kev tsim kho qis (tsuas yog 9 cm ntawm lub hauv paus), yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev siv ntau cov qauv thiab cov tawv nqaij tuab. Thaj tsam ntawm txhua lub console yog 2.24m3.

Txhua qhov kev txav mus los empennage consoles muaj cov txheeb ze tuab ntawm 4.5% thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj cov cuaj luaj hauv yaw, yob thiab suab. Kuj tseem muaj qhov qis qis hauv qab lub fuselage, uas tau teeb tsa los ua kom cov kev taw qhia ruaj khov ntawm Kh-22 missile. Nws muaj qee cov khoom siv antennas. Thaum xub thawj, qhov qis keel tau muab tshem tawm thiab txuas nrog lub foob pob hluav taws tom qab nws tau dai rau ntawm lub nkoj thauj khoom. Tom qab ntawd, kom yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los, nws tau nruab nrog lub viav vias mount, ua tsaug rau qhov uasThaum lub davhlau, lub keel folds mus rau sab xis. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau 1.8 m.

Kh-22 - foob pob hluav taws
Kh-22 - foob pob hluav taws

khoom siv

Txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm Kh-22 supersonic missile suav nrog autopilot, uas yog siv los ntawm "qhuav" ampoule roj teeb nrog lub converter. Nws lub zog siv zog txaus rau 10 feeb ntawm kev tsis cuam tshuam lub zog rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau hauv tib lub compartment nrog nws yog cov cuab yeej rau pressurization. Cov kev tswj hwm muaj xws li muaj zog hydraulic rudder tsav powered los ntawm hydraulic accumulators.

Lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws ua kua, qauv P201-300 muaj ob chav tsim qauv. Txhua lub koob yees duab yog optimized rau lub ntsiab davhlau hom ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij. Yog li ntawd, lub chamber pib, lub afterburner thrust ntawm uas yog 8460 kgf, ua hauj lwm kom ceev lub foob pob ua ntxaij thiab ncav cuag nws siab tshaj plaws ceev, thiab lub marching chamber nrog ib tug thrust ntawm tsuas yog 1400 - kom tswj qhov siab thiab ceev nrog kev lag luam roj noj. Ib chav turbopump feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev siv lub tshuab fais fab. refueling ib lub foob pob hluav taws Kh-22 suav nrog nws nrog kwv yees li 3 tons ntawm oxidizer thiab 1 tuj roj.

X-22PSI version nrog cov kev taw qhia inertial yog tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab cov khoom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, yog li nws tau nruab nrog 200 kt warhead uas tuaj yeem pib ob qho tib si hauv huab cua thiab thaum nws sib tsoo nrog kev cuam tshuam.

Shot

Tom qab uncoupling lub Kh-22 cruise missile los ntawm lub dav hlau, cov propellant Cheebtsam ignite spontaneously. Lub sijhawm no, foob pob hluav taws acceleration thiab nce toj pib. CimTxoj kev ya davhlau nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ua ntej. Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws mus txog qhov ceev ceev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov mus rau txoj haujlwm taug kev.

Thaum tawm tsam lub hom phiaj taw tes, lub taub hau homing taug qab lub hom phiaj hauv ob lub dav hlau thiab teeb meem tswj cov teeb liab rau tus tsav tsheb. Thaum nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev taug qab lub ntsug lub kaum sab xis mus txog ib tug predetermined tus nqi, lub teeb liab yog muab rau hloov lub missile mus rau hauv ib tug dhia dej hom ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug kab rov tav kaum ntawm 30 °. Thaum lub sij hawm dhia dej, tswj tau ua raws li cov cim qhia los ntawm homing system hauv cov dav hlau ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Lub dav hlau nruab nrab lub nkoj thauj neeg caij nkoj ntes tau ntawm qhov deb txog li 340 km, thiab ntes thiab coj mus los ntawm qhov deb mus txog 270 km.

Rocket Kh-22
Rocket Kh-22

Thaum tawm tsam thaj chaw lub hom phiaj, lub dav hlau thauj khoom txiav txim siab qhov sib koom tes ntawm lub hom phiaj siv lub radar system thiab lwm yam kev taw qhia. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws emits electromagnetic tsis nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsis tu ncua txiav txim qhov tseeb tshaj tawm vector, tau txais lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xav txog los ntawm "khiav" seem ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov ntsuas no tau txais kev sib xyaw ua ke raws sijhawm, tom qab ntawd qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau lub hom phiaj yog txiav txim siab tsis tu ncua thiab cov chav kawm tau teev tseg los ntawm lub dav hlau raug tswj xyuas.

Opportunities

Kev xyaum tau qhia tias X-22 missile, cov lus piav qhia uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab, yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev ntawm kev tawm tsam cov nkoj txawm tias tsis siv cov nqi nuclear. Lub missile tsoo lub nkoj sab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawm tias lub nkoj thauj khoom. Yog vim li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov tub rog lub voj voog nws yog hu ua tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li "aircraft carrier killer." Lub foob pob hluav taws X-22 ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm 800 m / s tawm ntawm lub qhov nrog thaj tsam txog li 22 m2. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chav sab hauv raug hlawv nrog lub dav hlau mus txog 12 meters tob.

Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet cov tub rog, Tu-22MZ thiab Tu-95 lub dav hlau nrog Kh-22 missile yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los daws cov nkoj loj. Thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias, cov dav hlau no tau nkag mus rau Asmeskas cov neeg nqa khoom tsim los txhawm rau sau cov teebmeem ntawm Asmeskas kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Navigators koom nrog hauv cov haujlwm tshawb nrhiav no tau sau tseg tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Asmeskas kev tiv thaiv. Raws li lawv, lub hom phiaj cov cim ntawm cov lus qhia tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv cov huab ntom ntom ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Soviet aviation nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tau tsim, uas cov cuaj luaj nrog nuclear warheads tau pib ua ntej, uas yog tsom tsis yog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, tab sis ntawm tag nrho cov tsim. Tom qab ntawd, cov cuaj luaj yooj yim raug tso tawm, uas, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, yuav tsum nrhiav kom muaj sia nyob lub hom phiaj thiab ntaus lawv.

Kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab cua tiv thaiv kab ke suav nrog ntau qhov kev ntsuas: kev tawm tsam los ntawm ntau pab pawg, sib cais cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov dav hlau uas npog lawv, ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, thiab ntau ntxiv. Kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem xa los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm ntau sab, rov tsim kho, kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej, lossis kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj. Qee lub sij hawm ib pab pawg neeg tsav dav hlau cuam tshuam.

Kev qhia

Ua ntej thaum ntxov 1990s nyob tua ntawmhiav txwv cov hom phiaj tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Caspian. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm thaj chaw dav dav dav dav yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob ze rau thaj chaw cob qhia. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov chaw sim nyob rau hauv Hiav Txwv Caspian, uas tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1950, tau raug kaw vim muaj kuab paug loj hauv hiav txwv los ntawm cov khoom tawg ntawm cov cuaj luaj thiab cov hom phiaj. Lub koom haum ntawm kev tua ntawm Akhtuba chaw cob qhia, uas mus rau Kazakhstan, kuj ua tsis tau.

Tom qab ob peb xyoos, kev tua tau rov pib dua ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws tshiab. Rau lawv txoj kev npaj, sparsely populated territories tau xaiv, qhov twg ib tug yuav tsis txhawj txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm misses. Cov cheeb tsam no tau nruab nrog telemetric tswj cov ntsiab lus thiab ntsuas cov ncej. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1999, Tu-22MZ dav hlau los ntawm North Hiav Txwv Kirkenes Air Division, thaum lub sij hawm West-99 kev xeem ua nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, launched missiles nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Barents. Ua ke nrog cov nkoj ntawm lub nkoj, lawv nruab nrab lub npog npog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab xav txog ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 km, thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm 300 km. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Tu-22M3 lub dav hlau tau ua lub hom phiaj tua ntawm Pacific Fleet.

Rocket Kh-22M
Rocket Kh-22M

Lub Yim Hli 2000, thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sim huab cua ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab Ukraine, ib khub ntawm Poltava Tu-22M3 lub dav hlau ya mus rau sab qaum teb thiab, nrog rau 10 lub dav hlau Lavxias, tau tawm tsam lub hom phiaj ntawm thaj chaw kawm ze. Novaya Zemlya. Ob lub lis piam tom qab, ua ib feem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke aviation thiab kev tiv thaiv huab cua, cov neeg coob ntawm Ukrainian bomber tau pib lub hom phiaj missile, uas tau cuam tshuam thiab ntaus los ntawm Su-27 fighter.

Lub Plaub Hlis 2001, txhawm rau ntsuas kev ntseeg tau ntawm Kh-22 missile,ib daim ntawv luam tawm, khaws cia rau hauv ib lub tsev rau 25 xyoo. Lub community launch tau ua tiav. Tsawg dua kev tua tau tshwm sim thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2002 nyob ze Chita - vim qhov tsis ua tiav hauv kev taw qhia, lub foob pob hluav taws tau poob rau ntawm thaj chaw Mongolian, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab them nyiaj rau cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm. Ib qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim hauv Kazakhstan, qhov chaw foob pob hluav taws tsaws ze ntawm ib lub zos.

Rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws hauv tshav dav hlau, tshwj xeeb T-22 thauj cov tsheb thauj khoom yog siv, lub log tsheb tom qab uas, ua tsaug rau hydraulics, tuaj yeem "squat", yog li tso cai rau cov khoom loj yuav dov hauv qab lub dav hlau nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. yam tsawg kawg nkaus clearance. Lub zog hluav taws xob winches yog siv los tshem tawm cov missile Kh-22 hnyav, uas nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo tso cai rau nws tiv nrog cov nkoj loj tshaj plaws.

Refueling problem

X-22 lub nkoj nkoj nkoj tau ua qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv lub teb chaws foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis thiab dav hlau. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog: lub neej ua haujlwm siab (hauv xyoo 2017, lub foob pob hluav taws ua kev zoo siab rau nws 50th hnub tseem ceeb) thiab kev siv ntau yam. Tsis zoo li cov analogues uas ua haujlwm ntawm ib hom dav hlau, Kh-22 armed peb lub dav hlau ib zaug: Tu-22K, Tu-22M thiab Tu-95K-22.

Lub foob pob hluav taws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, uas tsis tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho txawm tias nyob rau hauv 50 xyoo - kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev siv lub tshuab ua kua. Lub toxicity thiab causticity ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov roj sib tov ua rau nws muaj teeb meem los xyuas kom meej lub combat kev npaj ntawm missiles. Lub sij hawm ntev cia nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv sau yog tsis yooj yim sua vim tsis muaj corrosion kuj ntawm cov qauv. Thiab txawm tias kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion tsis daws tauteeb meem.

Qhov kev ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem corrosion yog kev qhia txog ampoule filling nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev siv cov oxidizer los ntawm cov ntim ntim rau hauv cov roj tank hauv siab, yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog lwm qhov chaw. Refueling yog ua tam sim ua ntej yuav tua. Kev khaws cia ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj peev xwm ua tsis tau. Rocket refueling cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum hnav ib lub tsho tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tshaj cov ntaub plaub, cov hnab looj tes roj hmab tuab thiab cov khau npog ua los ntawm cov khoom tuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum hnav lub npog ntsej muag roj uas tsis muaj kev poob. Cov txheej txheem refueling yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nrog lub gas analyzer qhib, sau npe xau.

Nyob rau hauv cov chav lawv sim zam kev ua haujlwm ntawm refueling foob pob hluav taws vim nws lub zog ua haujlwm, yog li kev cob qhia kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg foob pob feem ntau ua nrog cov foob pob hluav taws tsis muaj roj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lawv tau npaj tsuas yog ua ntej lub xeem launches, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia camps 1-2 zaug ib xyoos. Kev tshaj tawm cov riam phom zoo li no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, yog li tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm cob qhia nrog kev nplua nuj raug tso cai siv nws.

Rocket Kh-22: yees duab
Rocket Kh-22: yees duab

Specifications

Cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, cia peb txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Kh-22 Burya cruise missile:

  1. Length - 11.65 m.
  2. siab nrog keel quav - 1.81 m.
  3. Fuselage txoj kab uas hla - 0.92 m.
  4. Wingspan - 3 m.
  5. Pib nyhav - 5, 63-5, 7 t.
  6. Davhlau nrawm - 3, 5-3, 7 M.
  7. Flight altitude– 22, 5-25 km.
  8. Kev sib tw - 140-300 km.
  9. Daim ntawv thov qhov siab - 11-12 km.
  10. Warhead: thermonuclear lossis siab-explosive-cumulative.
  11. Cav thrust - mus txog 13.4 kN.
  12. Fuel reserve - 3 t.

Pom zoo: