Kev txhais ntawm kev thov: kev pabcuam thiab lub tswvyim

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob hauv ib puag ncig kev sib tw, kev thov ntim, qhov loj me thiab kev kwv yees yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tuam txhab uas muab kev pabcuam thiab muag khoom. Rau kev lag luam, kev thov yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhia txog lub xeev ntawm kev ua lag luam. Nws yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev kawm mus tas li, tsim, kev soj ntsuam. Wb tham txog lub ntsiab ntawm lub lag luam tshwm sim, dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus tam sim no ntawm kev thov, nws tsim li cas thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau nws.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev thov

Nyob hauv nws daim ntawv dav dav tshaj plaws, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev thov raug txo qis rau cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam uas tus neeg yuav khoom npaj tau noj nyob rau hauv qee lub sijhawm ntawm tus nqi. Cov neeg siv khoom xav tau yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam, nws ib txwm ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tib neeg. Yog tias tsis muaj kev xav tau, ces yuav tsis muaj kev muag khoom lossis kev muag khoom, uas txhais tau hais tias yuav tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Kev yuav khoom yeej ib txwm hais txog cov nyiaj. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev thov yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, tsuas yog nws txiav txim siab seb nws puas npaj yuav yuavib qho zoo lossis kev pabcuam ntawm tus nqi muab. Vim muaj ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg, muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev thov, nws ntim thiab tsim cov txheej txheem, thiab ntau yam ntawm qhov tshwm sim no txawv.

xav ntim

Cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam, cov neeg lag luam yuav tsum nkag siab tias muaj pes tsawg units ntawm lawv cov khoom lawv tuaj yeem muag tau. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab qhov ntim ntawm qhov xav tau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev npaj tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas kev muag khoom. Kev thov yog qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb uas tus neeg yuav khoom txaus siab yuav nyob rau lub sijhawm. Kev muag khoom ntim tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau lub khw thiab cov neeg siv khoom.

Type of demand

Muaj ntau yam uas koj tuaj yeem faib cov kev thov rau cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev thov yog txuam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ruaj khov, aka nruj, conservative, khov kho formulation thov yog singled tawm. Tus neeg yuav khoom xav txog kev yuav khoom ua ntej, ua cov kev cai nruj rau lub hom, qhov zoo, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab tsis tso cai rau nws los hloov cov khoom homogeneous. Feem ntau, qhov kev thov no raug pom zoo rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub (khoom noj khoom haus, mis nyuj), uas tau yuav ntawm qee lub sijhawm hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb. Kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los yog tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg, kev sib haum xeeb lossis kev thov muag muag. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam yam ncaj qha ntawm qhov muag. Cov neeg yuav khoom txaiskev txiav txim siab yuav khoom thaum saib xyuas qhov kev thov. Yog li, piv txwv li, tib neeg yuav khau, khaub ncaws, tshuaj pleev ib ce. Thiab peb hom kev thov yog impulsive. Thaum ib tug neeg tsis npaj ua ib qho kev yuav khoom txhua, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhua yam txiav txim siab yuav khoom. Feem ntau, qhov kev thov no tau pom thaum yuav khoom me me: zom cov pos hniav, chocolate.

Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom muag, macro-demand thiab micro-demand yog qhov txawv. Thawj yog siv rau tag nrho cov pejxeem, thiab qhov thib ob tsuas yog rau cov neeg tuaj saib nqaim xwb.

Raws li qhov kev txaus siab, muaj ntau hom kev thov raws li qhov tiag, paub thiab tsis paub. Thawj yog hais txog qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom hauv cov khoom. Qhov thib ob yog kev muag khoom thiab kev pabcuam tiag tiag. Qhov thib peb yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tus neeg siv khoom tsis tau txais vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj: qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg yuav khoom thov, cov khoom tsis muaj.

Raws li txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, ruaj khov thiab fading xav tau qhov txawv. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau txhua hnub, ntu ntu thiab ntu ntu. Cov hom no sawv tawm nyob ntawm kev yuav khoom.

Raws li cov qauv tsim ntawm kev thov, cov hom kev thov no txawv raws li qhov tshwm sim, piv txwv li, tsim los ntawm kev kawm kev thov thiab kev txhawb nqa cov khoom, muaj peev xwm, piv txwv li, lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws los yuav khoom ntawm ib qho muab tus nqi, tag nrho - qhov no, raws li qhov tseem ceeb, kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm. Muaj lwm lub hauv paus rau kev faib cov kev thov.

yam cuam tshuam rau kev thov

Qhov ntim ntawm kev yuav khoom tsis tas li thiab nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm cov pab pawg hauv qab no: kev lag luam,social, pej xeem, nom tswv thiab huab cua.

Nyob hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, cov khoom xav tau yog ib txwm muab faib ua tus nqi thiab tsis yog tus nqi. Cia peb nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem no me ntsis ntxiv.

Tus nqi xav tau, uas yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txhais, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntawm kev pabcuam lossis cov khoom lag luam thiab tus neeg yuav khoom teb rau tus nqi. Cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig cov nyiaj tau los yog qhov kawg, thiab nws yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev xav tau. Tus neeg yuav khoom cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi yuav khoom, feem ntau txo qis nws ua rau qhov kev thov nce ntxiv. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam cuam tshuam, nrog rau kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, kev puas siab puas ntsws rau tus nqi. Cov yam ntxwv tsis yog tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tau suav nrog cov neeg siv khoom nyiam, zam, lub zog yuav khoom, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib tw, cov khoom hloov pauv.

Txoj cai ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov

Txoj cai lij choj no tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam: tus nqi, kev thov thiab kev muab khoom. Hauv nws daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li hauv qab no: yog tias muaj kev thov, ces yuav muaj khoom. Feem ntau, qhov xav tau ntau dua, qhov khoom siv ntau dua thiab, raws li, tus nqi siab dua. Txhawm rau sib npaug ntawm qhov system, qhov sib npaug yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov xav tau tiag tiag, tus nqi tsim nyog thiab cov khoom txaus txaus. Kev txiav txim siab txog kev xa khoom thiab kev thov, nrhiav lawv qhov sib npaug yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ua tib zoo txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev thov thiab cov neeg siv khoom teb rau tus nqi thiab cov khoom siv. Rau qhov ratioKev yuav khoom thiab kev xa khoom raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ob txoj cai ntxiv:

1. Txoj cai ntawm kev thov. Nws hais tias qhov ntau xav tau yog inversely cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi. Tus nqi siab dua ntawm cov kev pabcuam lossis cov khoom lag luam, qhov kev thov tsawg dua rau lawv.

2. Txoj cai ntawm kev muab khoom. Nws hais tias kev nce nqi ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev nce hauv cov khoom. Txij li thaum tus nqi nce tso cai rau cov chaw tsim khoom kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua, nws nyiam cov neeg ua lag luam ntau dua rau cov lag luam ntu no.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam loj hlob ib txwm ua rau qhov kev thov qis dua, vim tias cov neeg siv khoom tsuas tuaj yeem yuav qee yam khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Yog li, cov khoom siv ntau dhau ua rau tus nqi qis, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv thiab kev xav tau pib hauv lub voj voog tshiab. Tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pawg no.

Elasticity ntawm kev thov

Nyob ntawm tus nqi uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, muaj ob hom kev thov: elastic thiab inelastic.

Elastic thov hu ua, uas hloov pauv nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam thiab nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pejxeem. Tus neeg siv khoom tau nkag siab txog tus nqi ntawm qee yam khoom thiab npaj siab tsis kam yuav lawv yog tias tus nqi siab lossis nws cov nyiaj tau los poob. Yog li, peb pom tias thaum lub sijhawm kev lag luam poob qis, kev siv cov khoom kim heev, tsheb, thiab lwm yam txo.

Inelastic, ntsig txog, yog qhov kev thov, uas tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pej xeem thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv. Qhov no siv ua ntejtsuas yog rau tej yam tseem ceeb. Cov neeg yuav khoom noj txawm tias tus nqi nce thiab lawv lub peev xwm them poob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis zoo li tias tib neeg yuav haus khob cij ntau dua, txawm tias tus nqi poob qis. Lub elasticity ntawm kev thov, lub ntsiab lus uas yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg lag luam, yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev tswj kev muag khoom. Yog li, nrog rau siab elasticity, tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem nce kev lag luam los ntawm kev txo nqi. Elasticity muaj zog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev muab khoom: ntau tus neeg muag khoom muab cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab cov kev pabcuam, qhov xav tau ntau dua elastic.

Xav kawm

Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov xav tau, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ua qee yam kev tshawb fawb. Feem ntau, kev sib txawv yog ua los ntawm kev kawm txog kev xav tau tam sim no, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov hom phiaj luv luv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab nws qhov kev kwv yees, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav txim siab zoo. Kev txiav txim siab xav tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phiaj xwm. Qhov tshwm sim no tau kawm los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev: statistical, marketing, economic. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kom nkag siab txog nws cov kev xav tau thiab tswj kom txaus siab rau lawv.

Kev xav tiam

Kev txiav txim siab qhov kev thov rau cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam tso cai rau koj los tsim kho, yog tias tsim nyog, ib qho kev pabcuam los tswj nws. Cov cuab yeej tswj kev muag khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus nqi: nws qhov txo qis thiab nce tuaj yeem txo thiab nce cov kev yuav khoom. Tab sis kev tswj tus nqi tsis yog ib txwm ua tau thiab feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nyiaj txiag.muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej kev lag luam tuaj rau kev pab ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov no suav nrog: kev tshaj tawm, tsim thiab tswj cov duab, ntau txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev lag luam thiab kev txhawb nqa cov neeg siv khoom tom qab muag.

Xav Tau Kev Huab Cua

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom kom pom qhov kev cia siab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab muaj nyob hauv kev ua lag luam. Kev thov, lub ntsiab lus uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj thiab kev tswj hwm, yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus neeg muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm txog qhov ntim ntawm kev muag khoom, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam txhawm rau txhawm rau kho cov kev xav tau hauv lub sijhawm. Txhawm rau tsim kev kwv yees, ntau txoj hauv kev tau siv, uas tau muab faib ua heuristic, nyiaj txiag-statistical thiab tshwj xeeb.