Yuav ua li cas ua noj cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam: ua hauj lwm technology thiab cov khoom tsim nyog

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cam khwb cia hlau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas kuj tseem muaj xws li impurities thiab qee cov alloying additives. Cov hlau no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thauj khoom thiab cov qauv. Feem ntau cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab cov cua kub cua sov yog ua los ntawm cov hlau cam hauv cov tsev nyob.

Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txuas cov hlau cam rau ib leeg thiab lwm yam hlau. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis feem ntau ua rau overheating, thiab li no mus rau qhov nce ntawm brittleness ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej pib nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm txog kev ua noj cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab thev naus laus zis rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no.

Ntau yam cam khwb cia hlau

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cam khwb cia hlau suav nrog tsis tsuas yog carbon (2-6%) thiab hlau, tab sis kuj manganese (txog 1%), silicon (3%), phosphorus, sulfur, ntxiv rau cov khoom ntxiv rau alloying - aluminium, vanadium, chromium,magnesium, npib tsib xee thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog alloying tshuaj uas muab hardness, lub zog thiab ductility rau cov khoom, nyob ntawm seb nws daim ntawv thov.

Hluav taws xob vuam ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog ua nyob ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas nyob hauv cov hlau li graphite lossis cementite. Nws yog raws li cov ntsuas no uas cam khwb cia hlau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

1. White cam khwb cia hlau muaj lub teeb tawg nto xim vim cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau no yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cementite. Kev ua cov khoom siv no nyuaj vim nws qhov hardness siab.
2. Hauv grey cam khwb cia hlau, carbon yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite. Grey hlau tawg nto. Cov cam khwb cia hlau no tau yooj yim machined thiab muaj cov khoom zoo casting.
3. Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau cam dawb hloov nws mus rau hauv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas yog siv dav hauv engineering.
4. Ib nrab cam khwb cia hlau muaj cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cementite thiab graphite. Qhov piv no muab cov hlau hnyav hnyav hnyav.
5. Globular graphite muab cam khwb cia hlau siab zog. Cov hlau kav yog siv los ua cov kav dej zoo rau cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej.

Txoj kev vuam cam khwb cia hlau

Ua ntej teb cov lus nug ntawm seb puas tuaj yeem ua noj cov hlau cam los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib koom hlau. Raws li nws cov qauv, nrog rau ntau lub cev muaj zog, cam khwb cia hlau belongs rau cov hlau alloys uas raug txwv txoj kev vuam.

Thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob vuam ntawm cov hlau cam hauvHauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj hauv qab no:

1. Kev tsim cov seam zoo ua rau cov kua dej ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia.
2. Tsis ua raws li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm kev vuam ua rau muaj cua sov ntawm cov hlau cam. Qhov no ua rau cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke kom hlawv tawm thiab thiaj li ua rau cov pore tsim.
3. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm cov hluav taws xob arc ua rau cov hlau cam khwb cia ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov nyhuv no, vim yog heterogeneity ntawm cov qauv hlau, ua rau tawg ntawm seam.
4. Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem oxidize, tsim cov refractory oxide, lub melting point yog ntau dua li cov khoom qub.

Txhawm rau zam tag nrho cov teeb meem no thaum vuam cam khwb cia hlau, koj yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm xaiv hom kev ua haujlwm raug.

Npaj cam khwb cia hlau rau vuam

Ua ntej welding cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob welding, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw kom koom nrog. Kev ntxuav ua ntej ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si manually thiab nrog cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob nrog cov hlau bristle nozzle.

Tom ntej no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav cov npoo kom liab qab, vim nws nyuaj dua rau kev ua noj cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam hauv tsev rhiav dua hlau.

Cov chaw tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau cam raug txiav raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

• txiav yog ua nruj me ntsis raws qhov tawg;
• tsis dhau ntawm qhov tawg yog qhov laum, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav mus raucov khoom tseem ceeb;
• nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov hlau, los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb raug txiav los ntawm ob lossis ib sab;
• nws raug pom zoo kom welding ib thaj rau ntawm qhov sib ze ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, uas yuav tsum npog qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm 15-20 hli los ntawm txhua sab.

Tom qab ntxuav qhov chaw thiab txiav cov npoo, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo degrease qhov sib koom nrog acetone lossis hnyav.

Basic Cast Iron Vuam Methods

Nws muaj peev xwm ua noj hlau cam ob qho tib si los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj roj. Txoj kev thib ob yog siv los koom nrog cov hlau heterogeneous. Gas welding feem ntau yog siv los kho cov kav dej hauv cov kav dej, nrog rau kev kho cov khoom siv tsheb.

Nws muaj peev xwm ua noj cov hlau cam los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam ob qho tib si kub, nrog preheating ntawm workpieces, thiab txias, tsis muaj cua sov qhov sib txuas. Rhaub vuam yog technologically complex tshaj qhov txias vuam, yog li nws siv nyob rau hauv domestic tej yam kev mob yog impractical.

Gas welding

Vuam ntawm cov hlau cam hauv cov huab cua tiv thaiv yog siv los tsim cov seam ntawm lub zog siab, uas tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm me me nkag ntawm cov hlau. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus welder, nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm hom raug rau kev tsim cov vuam, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov roj vuam tau pom zoo kom ua tiav nrog ob lub qhov cub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug burner muabpreheating ntawm kev sib tshuam, thiab qhov thib ob yog melts cov hlau thiab ncaj qha welds cov cam khwb cia hlau qhov chaw. Kev txias ntawm cov khoom siv welded yuav tsum tau qeeb, yog li nws feem ntau siv los npog cov khoom nrog txheej xuab zeb lossis asbestos.

Kub vuam cam khwb cia hlau

Vuam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nrog preheating ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke feem ntau yog ua tiav hauv kev lag luam. Cua sov ntawm workpieces tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv qhov cub inert, nrog rau ntau yam tshwj xeeb burners.

Cua sov qhov chaw vuam rau 600-650 ℃ tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov nro thiab overheating ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke.

vuam tshuab yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Kev npaj ua ntej ntawm kev sib tshuam tau ua tiav.
2. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws muaj peev xwm mus welding nrog qis txoj hauj lwm ntawm seam.
3. Lub tshuab vuam tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog ncaj polarity. Lub zog tam sim no thaum vuam cam khwb cia hlau yog teem ntau dua thaum vuam steel.
4. Ib feem yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 300-600 degrees.
5. Lub pas dej vuam yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov hlau molten thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov seam. Nws raug nquahu kom do cov kua yaj nrog lub hau ntawm lub electrode.
6. Tom qab vuam, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tso cov khoom tawm hauv qhov cub txias, lossis npog nws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev ua kom txias qeeb ntawm cov hlau cam yog tus yuam sij rau kev sib txuas zoo.

Tau kawg, vuam kub hlautxoj kev suav hais tias yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb xws li cov xwm txheej uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov seam yam tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Cold welding method

Thaum qhov kev xav tau siab tsis raug yuam rau ntawm qhov vuam, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau cam los ntawm cov vuam siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, ob qho tib si txias thiab cua sov me ntsis.

Technological nta ntawm vuam txias yog raws li nram no:

1. Lub tshuab vuam yog teem rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog uas tau tso cai rau qee qhov tuab ntawm cov electrode txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov hlau overheating.
2. Vuam yog ua los ntawm qhov rov qab polarity tam sim no.
3. vuam seam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv 30-50 mm ntev.
4. Kev sib koom ua ke yog tshem tawm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lossis ua rau lub seam.
5. Thaum ntau txheej vuam, txhua lub seam yuav tsum tau forged nrog rauj.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau txuas yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm electrodes.

Electrodes rau vuam cam khwb cia hlau

Nws muaj peev xwm ua noj cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam ob qho tib si nrog electrode rau cam khwb cia hlau thiab nrog cov khoom uas muaj npib tsib xee lossis tooj liab. Cov pa roj carbon tsis ua ke nrog cov hlau tsis yog hlau, yog li cov hlau cam khwb cia dawb tsis tsim nyob rau hauv qhov vuam. Feem ntau, vuam nrog cov electrodes yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem, nrog ib tug so kom txias.

Cov electrodes hauv qab no rau cam khwb cia hlau yog siv rau hluav taws xob vuam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau:

• OZCH-2 thiab OZCH-6 - electrodes raws li tooj liab thiab hlau, uas yog siv rau vuam grey lossishlau nplaum;
• OZZHN-1 - qib no muaj hlau thiab npib tsib xee, zoo heev rau cov hlau nplaum;
• MNCH-2 - cov khoom no muaj tooj liab, npib tsib xee thiab hlau, haum rau vuam txhua hom cam khwb cia hlau.

Vuam txoj kev nyab xeeb

Vuam yog cais raws li kev pheej hmoo ntxiv rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov welder. Yog li ntawd, kev ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb thaum vuam cam khwb cia hlau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ua haujlwm.

Kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb suav nrog:

• txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej (lub ntsej muag, hnab looj tes, khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb thiab khau);
• vuam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo;
• vuam cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo;
• khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.

cam khwb cia hlau yog hais txog cov hlau uas nyuaj rau vuam tshuab. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej pib nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom nrog cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm lub ntsiab nuances ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo.