2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Lo lus rov sau ua lus Fab Kis txhais tias "reprint" lossis "reissue". Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, ib tug reprint txhais tau hais tias qhov kev tso tawm los yog reprinting ntawm ib phau ntawv los ntawm reproduction, uas yog, scanning.
Txoj cai rau luam tawm thawj qhov chaw yog dab tsi?
Reprint thiab facsimile
Nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv luam tawm, luam theej duab nrog kev tso tawm ntxiv ntawm ntau phau ntawv, folios lossis lwm qhov chaw muab luam tawm yog ua tiav nrog kev khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, mus txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm fonts, tab sis tsis muaj muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua cov subtleties ntawm yav dhau los kev lag luam luam ntawv - daim ntawv ntawm folio, nws txoj kev khi, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li, yog tias phau ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlau lossis tawv, tom qab ntawd qhov kev luam tawm no yuav nthuav qhia cov duab ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw, npaj rau cov duab qub qub lossis cov duab kos uas ua rau ib tsab dhau los. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, ib phau ntawv tau adorned nrog cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab tshwj xeebdrawings, intricate ornaments, multi-xim ligature, ces tus tshiab tsab yuav kho tag nrho cov tsim nta ntawm yav dhau los. Qhov ntawd yog qhov luam tawm tshiab txhais tau tias.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov phau ntawv qub "Coronation Collection", nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev khi ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw yog khaws cia, mus txog rau cov duab ntawm npib nrog portraits ntawm Nicholas II thiab nws tus poj niam Alexandra. Phau ntawv no ib zaug tau ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub ntawm kev qhuas hauv Tebchaws Europe, raws li nws tau qhia txog kev txawj ntse ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv Lavxias.
yam tsis hloov
Yuav kom paub meej tias phau ntawv luam tawm tshiab yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias hom luam ntawv no tsis rov tsim ntau yam tsis xws luag ntawm tus thawj: puas, ntawv tsis raug, txhua yam kev tso cai kho lossis typos ntawm tsab ntawv dhau los. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, kev tsim tawm txawv ntawm facsimile, uas tuav cov ntawv luam ntawm tus thawj nrog txhua qhov tsis zoo thiab nta.
Ntau zaus, cov kev tsim tawm no tau hais los ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm lossis cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tshawb fawb, vim tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb uas rov luam tawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb hauv qab lub npog ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm uas lawv tau luam tawm tshwj xeeb yog xav tau, nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm thiab lub sijhawm tso tawm.
Nov yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, muaj peev xwm txuas rau cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm qub, uas, piv txwv li, khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam rau hnub no..
Facsimile nta
Thiab, tus facsimile (cov lus txhaistxhais tau tias "ua li no") feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev thov thaum luam tawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov thawj, txhawm rau khaws cov phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj ecclesiastical thiab scientific uas dais artifacts ntawm lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv qhia thaj chaw qub, atlases, piav qhia txog tsiaj ntiaj teb ntawm tej thaj chaw deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo thiab cov neeg taug kev.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no - ib tsab ntawv facsimile ntawm 1912 ntawm Archangel Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm 1092; facsimile, tsis yog reprint reproduction ntawm tsab. Qhov no yog kev khaws cia tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw, nqes mus rau hom ntawv thiab cov khoom siv khi.
Koj tuaj yeem nug tus muag phau ntawv thib ob, lossis koj tuaj yeem yuav ntawm tus tshaj tawm
Cov phau ntawv uas khaws cia hauv tsev cia puav pheej, tsev qiv ntawv lossis khw muag phau ntawv thib ob yeej tsis muaj los nyeem, thiab ntau dua li tsis tas yuav muaj rau tus kheej siv.
Tab sis kuv yeej xav kov thawj tsab, kom hnov cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab typographic art yav dhau los. Hauv qhov no, kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj rau kev cawm.
Qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tus qauv uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nyeem tau qhov tseeb scans ntawm cov ntawv qub thiab tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov qub tshwj xeeb font style, kev npaj ntawm nplooj ntawv, cov duab kos, qee zaum tsis tshua muaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, tau khaws cia. Yog tsis muaj ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov qub, ib txoj hauv kev zoo tau pom kom tau txais thiab nyeem nws.
Tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv luam tawm, cov tshaj tawm ua tiav qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov huab cua ntawm qhov qub.
Qhov tseeb, muaj kev txhawb siab ntawm phau ntawv,uas guarantees tus nyeem ntawv txaus siab rau tag nrho cov nta ntawm vintage printing los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws tso tawm.
Daim ntawv luam tawm txhais li cas hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev zoo nkauj:
- phau ntawv yog tsim tau zoo nkauj vim qhov kev ua tiav tshiab hauv kev luam ntawv;
- feem ntau muab nrog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb khi;
- muaj ib txwm qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm yog hais txog;
- kom ruaj khov phau ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm tshiab.
Ntau yam khoom plig luam tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg nyeem, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi pheej yig piv rau qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thib ob.
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev luam tawm deluxe.
History on chalk paper
Tam sim no, tsis hais tus nqi thiab kev lag luam li cas, txhua tus nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem them tau phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj.
Zaj dab neeg kho tshiab, tsis muaj nplooj ntawv tawg lossis ploj lawm, zoo li ua pa thiab ua neej nyob ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm niaj hnub.
Piv txwv li, cov neeg ntawm Russia ib txwm nyiam cov dab neeg hais txog kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow. Lub peev nyiam cov neeg nyeem los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb nrog nws lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb, raug ntes hauv cov phau ntawv qhia qub thiab cov neeg tim khawv pom.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev luam tawm ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm txhais li cas. Phau ntawv luam tawm yog ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm xyoo 1891, luam tawm hauv St. Petersburg. Tus kws sau ntawv mus ncig, cov neeg sau xov xwm paub zoo thiab niaj hnub sau ntawv Pylyaev M. I., coj tus nyeem ntawv mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes, saturating cov dab neeg nrog cov duab ntawm niam thaum ub Pom ntawm lub sij hawm ua ntej-Peter. Cov ntawv luam tawm tau tshaj tawm hauv thawj lub thawv khoom plig thiab, ua kom nws cov ntsiab lus hauv huab cua, lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Moscow qub dhau los ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub, tib lub sijhawm tso cai rau koj siv yam xyuam xim niaj hnub no.
Phau ntawv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub thiab xim embossing, silk-screen printing, thiab yog khi rau ob hom tawv. Cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv zoo niaj hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, keeb kwm thiab kev coj tus nqi ntawm kev tshaj tawm tau raug khaws cia tag nrho.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no - khoom plig rov luam tawm ntawm phau ntawv "Old Moscow" los ntawm M. I. Pylyaev, raws li kev tshaj tawm "Cov Dab Neeg los ntawm lub neej yav dhau los ntawm lub nroog peev"
Yuav sau dab tsi rau tus cwj mem
Yuav kom tau txais cov ntawv luam tawm tag nrho, txhua tus tshaj tawm uas tau lees paub los luam tawm yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav.
Cov yam ntxwv twg tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab dab tsi yuav tsum tau tso tseg:
- Qhib chaw rau tus kws sau ntawv hauv kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv khi thiab cov ntawv nws tus kheej; uas yog, koj tuaj yeem xaiv hom khoom pheej yig dua lossis kim dua. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws yuav tsis muaj lub cev lossis lub cev hnav thiab tsim kua muag.
- Nws tuaj yeem hloov kho cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tsab ntawv luam tawm raws li cov qauv sau ntawv niaj hnub no. Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov typos lossis yuam kev; ntxiv cov ntawv qub nrog kev txhais lus.
- Editor cov lus tso cai. Tsis pub dhau lub hom phiaj rov luam dua, koj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov txheej txheem tshiab - khaws ntau duanyeem tau fonts, hloov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab lawv cov duab kos.
- Nws raug tso cai hloov pauv hom ntawv dhau los ntawm phau ntawv kom tau txais cov neeg siv khoom xav tau - kev nyeem ntawv yooj yim dua, khaws cia, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom cuav.
Ua tsaug rau cov ntawv luam tawm tshiab, tsis yog tsuas yog ib phau ntawv niaj hnub thiab nkag siab rau cov neeg nyeem tam sim no tuaj yeem tig tawm, tab sis kuj yog ib qho khoom siv tiag tiag ntawm kev tshawb fawb yam tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus thiab qhov tsis zoo feem ntau muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv qub.
Tus neeg nyeem tsis tas yuav muaj lub sijhawm nkag mus rau tus thawj, qhov no yog tsab ntawv luam tawm los cawm.
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum rov luam dua. Nws muaj tag nrho cov ntawv sau los ntawm Gustave Dore, uas tau luam tawm thaum tus thawj luam tawm los ntawm tus sau cov ntawv luam tawm. Nws yuav tsum raug lees paub tias yam tsis muaj cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, lub sijhawm los pom cov ntawv sau rau hauv phau npaiv npaum yuav tsis tau nthuav tawm.
Tsis yog ib qho lus qhia cuav
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws los koom mloog dab neeg ua ke.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev luam tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm suav nrog qhov tseeb tias lawv tso cai rau koj khaws cov ntawv no hauv lub neej, thiab cov neeg nyeem - kom poob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm tus tsim, kom hnov qhov tus kws sau tus cwj mem squeaks.
Tsis tas li ntawd, typographic art nws tus kheej yog qhov txaus siab tiag tiag, uas txawv thaum muaj kev hloov pauv, kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, kev ua tsov ua rog lossis qee yam kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub xeev.
Kev rov luam tawm ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv tso cai rau koj kom hnov qhov ua pa ntawm lub sijhawm, hloov pauvhauv technology thiab kab lis kev cai. Raws li, piv txwv li, hauv daim duab hauv qab no, nws tau pom meej meej tias kev tshaj tawm ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam thiab puns nyob rau hauv nws sab nrauv tsim gravitates rau futurism. Thiab cov no yog tag nrho cov cim ntawm lub sijhawm thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv, uas ib txwm nthuav rau cov neeg nyeem xav.
Yuav kom tau cov phau ntawv thib ob, tus neeg yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo, thiab qee zaum lub neej tsis txaus.
Tab sis rov luam phau ntawv tso cai rau koj tam sim ntawd yuav ib phau ntawv huab cua ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los lossis ib tsab tsis tshua muaj, ib tsab me me, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab hlub rau tus nyeem.
Lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev yuav rov ua dua nrog phau ntawv tsis tshua muaj, uas, ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, yuav ua neej nyob ntev thiab zoo nkauj thiab yuav ua tau raws li cov xeeb ntxwv.
Pom zoo:
Yog qhov yuav tsum tau foob rau tus neeg ua lag luam: cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation, cov xwm txheej uas tus neeg ua lag luam yuav tsum muaj lub foob, tsab ntawv lees paub txog qhov tsis muaj foob, cov qauv sau, qhov zoo thiab cons ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog lub foob
Qhov xav tau siv luam ntawv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm uas tus neeg ua lag luam ua. Feem ntau, thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv khoom loj, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub thwj yuav yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev koom tes, txawm tias tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm txoj cai. Tab sis thaum ua hauj lwm nrog tsoom fwv txiav txim, luam ntawv yog tsim nyog
Thermal imaging tswj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: lub tswv yim, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, hom thiab kev faib tawm ntawm thermal imagers, nta ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev txheeb xyuas
Kev ntsuas cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas kuaj pom yam tsis tau kaw lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag tsis zoo, qhov kub thiab txias nce, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsab ntawv pom zoo. Yuav ua li cas sau ib tsab ntawv pom zoo los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab mus rau ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm, rau kev nkag, rau ib tug nais maum
Ib tsab xov xwm rau cov neeg uas ntsib nrog sau tsab ntawv pom zoo thawj zaug. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog lub ntsiab lus, lub hom phiaj thiab kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv pom zoo, nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm tsab ntawv pom zoo
Xaiv raws li tsab ntawv ntawm credit: tswvyim, nta, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Letter of credit - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub tsev txhab nyiaj lub luag haujlwm ua, sawv cev ntawm tus neeg siv khoom thiab ntawm nws cov nuj nqis, kev them nyiaj rau cov tib neeg thiab cov koom haum raug cai nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau teev tseg thiab ntawm cov xwm txheej tau teev tseg hauv kev txiav txim. Lub ntsiab feature nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev sib hais haum cov ntawv ntawm credit yog lub tsev txhab nyiaj tsuas yog nrog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis yog tag nrho cov khoom uas cov ntaub ntawv no sawv cev
Tsis muaj chaw xa ntawv xa tawm ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab tshaj tawm: nta thiab cov lus pom zoo
Tsis muaj chaw xa ntawv xa ntawv xa tawm ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov ntawv xov xwm thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog daim ntawv tshaj tawm zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Feem ntau nws yog siv los ntawm cov koom haum lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, cov neeg ua lag luam. Dab tsi yog qhov txaus nyiam txog kev faib cov ntawv hauv cov thawv ntawv? Vim li cas cov neeg lag luam xaiv hom kev tshaj tawm no?
