Kev siv tshuab ntoo thiab tsim cov khoom ntoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ntoo yog ib yam khoom txawv txawv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig. Rau tag nrho nws cov kev paub, nws muaj cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub cev muaj zog uas tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau kev siv dav dav ntawm qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom siv no hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam.

Ntawm thev naus laus zis rau kev ua ntoo thiab kev tsim cov khoom ntoo feem ntau ua rau cov neeg tuaj yeem muab cov rooj tog zaum, khoom siv hauv tsev, kho kom zoo nkauj, khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntoo ntoo tseem xav tau qee yam kev txawj thiab cov txuj ci los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam - tsuas yog qhov no, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag.

Yuav siv ntoo li cas?

Kev lag luam ntoo niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog ntau yamkeeb kwm, uas txawv hauv technical, functional thiab aesthetic yam ntxwv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog hom kab lig kev cai xws li ntoo qhib thiab ntoo thuv, thiab kab txawv - wenge, morado, rosewood, thiab lwm yam. Ncaj nraim hauv Russia, txog 30 hom yog nyob rau hauv kev thov, feem ntau ntawm cov uas nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv los yog lwm yam nrhiav tau lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev lag luam muaj nws qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov khoob, uas tseem txiav txim siab faib cov ntoo rau hauv cov chav kawm. Rau kev ua, tshwj xeeb, kev faib cov khoom raws li lub xeev zoo ntawm cov qauv teeb meem:

• Class III. Lub workpiece muaj xim tsis sib xws thiab txheej txheej. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis xws luag xws li cov pob txha poob, tab sis lawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg tau, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm daim ntawv thov npaj. Lwm qhov yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov ntoo zoo li no yuav qis.
• Class II. Kuj tseem muaj xim tsis sib xws thiab me me flaws ntawm qhov chaw. Nrog rau kev ua kom zoo, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv sab nraud, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los suav cov khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
• Class I. Smooth, khoom thiab ntuj nyob rau hauv cov xim blanks uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug haum haum rau yuav luag txhua hom kev ua thiab cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntxiv. Kev txwv tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo hom uas lub workpiece belongs.

Kev ua ntoo yog dab tsi?

Los ntawm cov khoom siv hav zoov tsis yog tam sim ntawdxa mus rau kev tsim cov khoom kawg. Txog rau tam sim no, cov cav yuav dhau los ntawm ob peb theem ntawm kev npaj tshwj xeeb, thaum lub sij hawm cov khoom ib nrab tiav tsim nyog rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb raug tsim. Nyob ntawm seb hom kev ua cov ntoo uas pom nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tuaj yeem tau txais:

• ncig ntoo;
• boards;
• veneer;
• beam.

Kev npaj ua haujlwm feem ntau txhais tau tias ntxuav thiab saws ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom lag luam ib nrab tiav, kev khaws cia thiab kev tiv thaiv kev siv tshuaj impregnations, varnishes thiab xim tuaj yeem ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov ntoo blanks yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

Machining

Qhov qub tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntoo, uas muaj rau yuav luag txhua tus. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ib tug kev cuam tshuam lub cev yog exerted rau lub workpiece nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav hloov nws cov duab. Technologists siv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws lub peev xwm los faib raws cov fibers. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej no tau ua tiav siv thaum txiav ntoo. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm phau ntawv woodworking, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, tau kawg, muaj ntau txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ceev. Tab sis, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj thiab kim heev thaum nws los txog rau cov kab ntau lawm.

Basic mechanical woodworking operations

Yuav kom muab lub workpiece qhov xav tau, nws yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrog qhov tsim nyog tsis. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, woodworking industries siv ntau ntau ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm no hom, thiab ntau ntawm lawv yog ua nyob rau tib lub multifunctional kab. Kev ua cov ntoo ntawm lub tshuab dhos ib leeg tuaj yeem suav nrog kev tho txawv, suav nrog, drilling, reaming, thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Hauv qhov dav dua, kev hloov pauv ntawm hom sib txawv kuj tuaj yeem sawv cev:

• sawing;
• txiav;
• sib tsoo thiab polishing;
• planing;
• hollow;
• milling;
• thickening.

Machining equipment

Zoo li ntau yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm woodworking yog, ntau yam kev txhais tau tias los ntawm cov haujlwm no yog qhov dav. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog chav nyob rau kev muab ntoo tig tshuab, thaum lub sij hawm qhov chaw cylindrical ntawm cov duab xav tau. Kev ua haujlwm tig kuj tuaj yeem ua tau manually, thaum tus neeg teb xov tooj tuav cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv nws txhais tes yam tsis siv tus tuav, tab sis feem ntau cov tshuab niaj hnub ntawm hom no ua haujlwm hauv hom tsis siv neeg puv.

Ntawm lwm yam khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntoo, milling, vaj huam sib luag pom, jigsaw, ncig thiab slotting tshuab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Tseem rov,cov tuam txhab siv zog ua ke ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm ib lub txaj, yog li feem ntau cov koom haum koom ua ke muab rau kev siv ntau yam haujlwm - tsuas yog hloov cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab hloov kho cov khoom siv.

Kev kho mob lom

Nov yog pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntoo, lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb. Cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm ntoo yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw - piv txwv li, sawdust, shavings, ntoo chips. Biological mechanical processing ntawm ntoo yog tsim nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb rhiav nrog tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov twg fermentation txheej txheem yog npaj. Cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, cov kab mob fungal thiab txawm tias qee cov kab yog siv los ua cov activators. Yog li ntawd, xws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntoo ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv fodder, ethyl cawv, xylitol, furfural thiab lwm yam derivatives ntawm microbiological synthesis tsim nyog rau kev ua liaj ua teb.

Tshuaj kho mob

Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo yog nws lub neej ua haujlwm qis, uas txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nws yog los tswj kom muaj kev vam meej nrog kev khaws cia ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab lub cev uas cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm kev ua ntoo yog tsim. Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ntoo thiab nws cov khoom tiav ib nrab yuav tsum tau muab rau lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis uas muaj txheej txheem tiv thaiv ua tiav.

Nws tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej hauv ntau hom, suav nrog daim ntawv thov xim thiab kua roj vanishcoatings thiab impregnation. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv kuj txawv. Piv txwv li, qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv yog muab los ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws, thiab kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kev tsim cov kab mob tsis zoo, uas, dhau los, tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm tib yam kev puas tsuaj.

Nyob ntawm kev sib koom ua ke

Raws li cov kev faib tawm dav dav, cov kev lag luam hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

1. Tshuaj ntoo nrog lub thickness ntawm 6 hli.
2. Kev tsim cov quav cab, cork thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv rau kev xaws.
3. Kev tsim cov khoom vaj huam sib luag. Kev siv tshuab ntoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv impregnation, uas tso cai, nrog cov qauv zoo, muab kev hnav siab rau cov khoom.
4. Kev tsim cov khoom siv rau hauv pem teb - pawg no suav nrog lamellas, parquet boards, cav, thiab lwm yam.
5. Kev tsim cov ntawv ntoo, ntoo hmoov, ntoo chips, thiab lwm yam.
6. Loj ntau lawm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li kev lag luam txuas nrog kev tsim cov kab teeb, kab teeb, cov laug cam thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo.

Txoj cai ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo

Thaum txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntoo, tus thawj coj tshaj lij pib teeb tsa ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis.txheej txheem. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hom no hauv kev ua ntoo muaj xws li:

1. Functionality. Cov khoom yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov anthropometric qhov ntev ntawm ib tug neeg, qhov no kuj ua kom nws ergonomics thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv.
2. Rationality. Thaum nthuav dav, tus tsim khoom tsim tau suav cov yam ntxwv tsawg tshaj plaws, uas tso cai rau siv nyiaj tsawg kawg nkaus kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj.
3. Kev siv nyiaj. Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntoo thiab kev tsim cov khoom ntoo hauv kev txiav txim siab dav yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev muab cov khoom kawg kom pom cov khoom zoo "ua haujlwm", suav nrog lub zog, ua haujlwm ntev, kev tuav pov hwm, zoo nkauj, kav ntev thiab kev ntseeg siab.

Tshaj tawm tshiab hauv kev tsim cov khoom ntoo

Tsis ntev los no cov kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam no cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia nquag ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab txawm tias cov neeg hlau ua thiab cov kab sib dhos. Txawm tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws lub voj voog niaj hnub no tuaj yeem muab nrog CNC thiab lwm yam kev tswj xyuas "smart", uas txhim kho qhov zoo thiab ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm kuj hloov pauv. Rau kev ua ntoo, cov lag luam loj siv tshuab laser, multifunctional plaub-sided modules nrog high-precision cutters, thiab lwm yam.

Zaj lus

Txoj hauv kev mus rau kev ua cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hloov tawm tsam qhov kev xav tau nce ntxiv rau cov khoom kawg. Kev thov yog nce tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho sector, qhov twgpeb tab tom tham txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev. Txawm tias cov khoom me me thiab cov rooj tog zaum niaj hnub no yuav tsum muaj kev sib tw hnyav hauv kev ua lag luam, uas yuam cov tuam txhab nrhiav kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm kev ua ntoo.

Kev tsim cov khoom ntoo yog kev lag luam uas cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov no tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg tsim qauv nrog carvers thiab cov kws kos duab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub zej zog ntawm cov kws txawj siv tes ua ib tug suav hais tias yuav tau txais ib yam khoom uas zoo sib piv nrog nws cov structural thiab aesthetic zoo mus rau ib tug sib npaug high degree.