Khoom zoo: ntsuas, yam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov khoom zoo tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom xwb. Cov neeg muag khoom kuj xav tau - txwv tsis pub cov neeg siv khoom yuav mus rau cov neeg sib tw. Txawm hais tias cov kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab tshaj plaws lossis cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj (tsis hais txog cov khoom noj khoom haus), qee zaum cov khoom yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub txee uas tsis ua raws li qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tus tswv khw lossis cov neeg saib xyuas..

Yog vim li cas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub lag luam yog kev kuaj xyuas kom meej thiab ntxaws ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb? Nws ua li cas? Cia peb tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim no - qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov lus hauv qab no yog suav tias yog nrov ntawm cov kws txawj hauv tsev. Kev lag luam zoo yog to taub raws li tag nrho ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muag (peb tab tom tham txog kev muag khoom hauv lub network, cais lub khw lossis khw hauv online),kom ntseeg tau tias nws haum rau nws lub hom phiaj.

Cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam tsim lub tswv yim ntawm qhov zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev xav tau (ntawm qee qhov ntim thiab hom) hais txog cov yam ntxwv uas tsim cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom. Feem ntau, txhua yam khoom uas muab rau cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov qauv thiab cov qauv, nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov no yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.

peb tham txog dab tsi?

Cia peb tham txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam txog qhov kev vam khom no. Dab tsi ntawm cov cim qhia txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom peb xav tau? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg. Raws li qhov xaus ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws txawj, muaj ib tug tej yam ntawm lawv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom uas txiav txim siab lub hom phiaj ntawm tom kawg.

Ib qho piv txwv yog cov khoom siv yas, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv ib zaug ntawm kev noj mov thiab mus pw hav zoov. Lwm hom tais diav yog cov tais diav, uas yog siv tsis tu ncua rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua yam ntawm cov khoom saum toj no yuav txawv txav.

Qhov kev ntsuas tom ntej yog kev ntseeg tau. Feem ntau peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm technically complex. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog cov khoom uas, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm lawv siv, muab rau ib tug tej yam hnav (cov uas yuav tsum tau lub zog ntawm mechanisms, qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam).

Qhov thib peb qhov taw qhia yog ib qho uas qhia txog kev ua qauv thiab ntawv pov thawj. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov khoom tsim raws li GOST muaj qhov zoo dua li ib qho uas yuav tsum tau qis dua. Muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog (kev lees paub tias kev ua raws cai) tuaj yeem suav nrog cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov khoom tom ntej tuaj yeem hu ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub cev - peb tab tom tham txog xim, qhov loj, tsim, ergonomics, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas raws li cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. cov khoom (txog qhov zoo), piv txwv li ntawm kev xaav ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Los yog rau qee cov qauv thiab cov qauv uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom ntawm hom tshwj xeeb no.

Cov txheej txheem ua ntej hauv txhua rooj plaub raug xaiv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom. Qee zaum kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tuaj yeem ua nrog kev kawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsuas siv los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom me me (piv txwv li, nws tsuas yog kuaj xyuas raws li GOST).

Cia tham txog kev ua qauv thiab ntawv pov thawj

Cov ntsiab lus no yog dab tsi? Standardization thiab ntawv pov thawj yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov pawg uas tau siv rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm kev lag luam zoo. Kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam tsim nrog qee qhov kev txwv yog txiav txim siab raws li kev pom zoo cov npe uas muaj raws li kev cai lij choj lossis cov qauv kev lag luam. Yog li, raws liRaws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev kho cov kev xav tau cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho ntawm ob txoj kev tsim kho tau hais los saum toj no.

txhais li cas los ntawm tus qauv? Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog los cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm ntau lub koomhaum thiab tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, cov koomhaum tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam, uas nws txoj haujlwm yog tsom rau kev tsim thiab teeb tsa txhua yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov qauv tsim khoom. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ua no yog los xyuas kom meej ib qho kev coj ua zoo ib yam rau cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas kev lag luam zoo. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev cai uas siv rau cov txheej txheem kev tsim qauv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm GOSTs lossis cov kev cai lij choj.

Cia peb mus rau daim ntawv pov thawj

Daim ntawv pov thawj txhais li cas? Hais txog cov txheej txheem no, lawv txhais tau hais tias kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv kev tsim khoom. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas cov khoom lawv tus kheej txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv ua raws li cov qauv thiab cov cai.

Raws li kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tau txais ib daim ntawv lees paub qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tsim tau muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog uas tau muab los ntawm cov cai uas twb muaj lawm thiab cov cai hauv cheeb tsam no.

Raws li ib feem ntawm cov haujlwm no hauv peb lub tebchaws, ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tawm, feem ntau suav nrog cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws. Nws lub xub ntiag implies qhov ua raws ntawm cov khoom tsim nrog tib qhov chaw tseem ceeb.cov cai thiab cov qauv - GOSTs.

Hais txog txoj kev ntsuas qhov zoo

Nws yuav tsis ua mob rau cov neeg siv khoom kom paub seb cov txheej txheem twg txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm qee yam khoom, lawv faib li cas. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv tau txais los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev, ntau lub hom phiaj txoj kev yog qhov txawv uas pab txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam zoo. Tag nrho ntawm lawv, dhau los, muab faib ua ntau hom ntxiv.

Cia peb tham txog txoj kev hu ua lub hom phiaj. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv pawg no yog cov txheej txheem ntsuas. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no yog kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev ntsuas thiab kev suav ntawm qee yam nta thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog ntau txoj kev, nrog rau software, cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam (reagents, thiab lwm yam).

Kev ntsuas pab txiav txim siab txog yam uas cuam tshuam txog feem ntau ntawm lub cev lub zog ntawm cov khoom (ntau, duab, thiab lwm yam) lossis kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov voltage hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm microcircuits ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Raws li txoj hauv kev xav, cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau sau tseg raws li hom qauv - grams, joules, watts, thiab lwm yam.

Lwm txoj kev, zoo ib yam categorized li lub hom phiaj, hu ua rau npe. Nws yog raws li kev siv cov algorithms rau kev saib xyuas, suav, kho qee yam txheej txheem lossis cov xwm txheej. Qhov no txhais li cas hauv kev xyaum? Ib qho piv txwv yog kev kawm txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev ua haujlwm.raws li kev cai siv.

Nrog rau txoj kev sau npe, feem ntau hu ua txoj kev suav. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog simulate cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb lossis cov xwm txheej.

Lwm yam ntawm hom phiaj txoj kev

Qee zaum kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo yog ua raws li kev suav ua ntej ua tiav raws li qee yam. Feem ntau, nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov khoom kawg, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, piv txwv li, thaum hla cov khoom raws li ib tug conveyor. Ntawd yog, kev suav ua ntej muab cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsim.

Dhau li ntawm, muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua lej. Lawv feem ntau siv ua ke nrog kev sau npe lossis ntsuas txoj hauv kev. Lawv xav tau kom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem sawv cev rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qee yam qauv tsim qauv, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv los ua tus qauv, thiab tseem los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev suav.

Cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias kuj tau faib cov haujlwm hu ua kev sim ua haujlwm raws li hom phiaj. Nws yog siv thaum nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hauv kev xyaum. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qee yam khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, ib puag ncig yuav txawv ntawm cov suab nrov, ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau, qib ntawm kev siv zog, thiab lwm yam.

Zoo li kev xyaum

Hauv qee kis, siv cov txheej txheem teev tseg (simexploitation) hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, manufacturers tab tom nrhiav kom paub tus nqi thiab qib ntawm kev hnav ntawm ib hom khaub ncaws ua los ntawm ib yam khoom. Cov neeg koom nrog kev sim tau txais cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv textile rau kev sim ua haujlwm. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog hnav (siv) cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws nrog qhia cov kws tshawb fawb txog txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab rau lawv, dhau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog lossis cov qauv ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau kev tshuaj xyuas raws li cov txheej txheem tau txais ua ntej.

Txoj kev no - kev ua haujlwm tsav - feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov txwv hom uas qhov no lossis cov cuab yeej siv tau ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, koj xav paub seb lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev npaum li cas yam tsis hloov pauv.

Yog li, txoj kev no muaj ntau yam kev siv peev xwm. Feem ntau feem ntau koom nrog kev kawm txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom noj khoom haus tau noj, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg tsawg ntawm tej zaum ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis yog ntau yam ntawm lub hom phiaj yam ntxwv. Rau ib ntu ntawm cov khoom lag luam, kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no, hu ua subjective.

About subjective evaluation method

Lwm lub npe rau pawg txheej txheem no, ua tsaug uas nws muaj peev xwm qhia txog kev tswj hwm cov khoom zoo, yog heuristic. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsis ua qhov sib txawv ntawm obpawg qhia. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog lub npe hu ua organoleptic. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas xim, tsw thiab saj lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas tib neeg lub siab muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv txoj kev yooj yim no, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tau raug soj ntsuam, vim tias rau lawv cov ntsuas ntsuas ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab. Tab sis txoj kev no kuj tseem tsim nyog rau kev kawm ntau hom khoom siv uas yog technically complex.

Ib qho piv txwv yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab txaus txaus ntawm cov xim ntxoov ntxoo kis los ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone, lossis qib siab ntawm cov nyees khawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ntawm lwm yam, suav nrog cov txheej txheem hu ua kws tshaj lij. Hauv qhov no, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij nrog cov kev paub dhau los. Lawv tuaj yeem siv ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij hais txog tus lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab txoj hauv kev, hu ua sociological. Nws daim ntawv thov suav nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb, lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau nrhiav kev xav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no yuav txhawj xeeb, piv txwv li, kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab nws qhov zoo.

Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?

Tsis zoo li lub hom phiaj txoj hauv kev, qhov twg qee qhov kev ntsuas tus qauv ua haujlwm raws li cov ntsuas ntsuas, nrog rau qhov kev xav, qhov xwm txheejzoo li txawv. Tom qab tag nrho, lub tswv yim ntawm saj, tsw, xim (thiab lwm yam) ntawm cov khoom noj los yog lwm yam khoom yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsis nruj heev. Nrog rau txoj hauv kev no, lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb cov khoom lag luam Lavxias feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem raws li cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ntsuas raws li qee qhov system ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov zoo, tab sis ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom tau tias nws yooj yim thiab, raws li, nws tau dav heev.

Cov kws tshaj lij, raws li cov cim qhia ntsig txog xim, saj, tsw ntawm cov khoom, ntsuas cov khoom raws li kev tshawb xyuas ntawm qee qhov ntsuas. Nws tuaj yeem yog kaum-point rau qee yam khoom lag luam. Rau lwm tus, nrog rau ntau yam ntawm nees nkaum, ib puas, thiab lwm yam units. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov qhab nia nws tus kheej yog los ntsuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom hauv cov ntsiab lus. Qee lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev ntim khoom, cov khoom zoo li, thiab lwm yam.

Kev lees txais cov khoom zoo

Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muaj cov kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua ntawm qib ntawm cov khoom zoo. Nws yog ua ntej los ntawm cov txheej txheem muab cov khoom muag (lossis xa mus rau tus neeg siv khoom).

Kev lees txais cov khoom zoo li cas? Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov qib siab ntawm kev tsim qauv. Cov khoom lees paub tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem uas tau sau tseg hauv GOSTs lossis ntau yam kev tswj hwm kev lag luam. Rau cov txheej txheem kev lees txais nws tus kheej, kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem algorithms raug tso cai hauvdocument flow of the enterprise.

Ntau lub tuam txhab, piv txwv li, muaj cov lus qhia pom zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm uas ncaj qha thiab nruj heev rau cov txheej txheem lees paub zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab nws cov neeg muag khoom.

Kev lees txais yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab uas yog cov neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm nyiaj txiag. Feem ntau, nws cov theem tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav raug tshawb fawb tom qab cov txheej txheem los xyuas nws tag nrho kom muaj nuj nqis thiab ua tiav ntawm kev xa khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsos thiab ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau raug kuaj.
2. Tom qab kuaj xyuas kom muaj nuj nqis, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom raug tshuaj xyuas raws li cov ntsuas tseem ceeb tau txais. Lawv raug txiav txim ua ntej nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.
3. Kev lees txais yog sau tseg (daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo yog kos).
4. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog raug thauj mus rau hauv kev suav nyiaj lossis sau los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Raws li kev lees paub kev ua haujlwm, kev sau npe ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lees paub feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev siv ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv sau nqi thiab cov ntawv xa nyiaj. Cov tuam txhab feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua raws li kev lag luam lossis lub xeev cov qauv thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Txheeb Xyuas Lub Xeev.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo muaj nws qhov tseem ceeb, tau kawg, tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem lees paub. Tseem ceeb tshaj plawslwm - cov khoom yuav tsum nyiam cov neeg siv khoom. Raws li qhov ntsuas no ntawm cov khoom muag, txhua tus neeg tsim khoom lossis tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum txaus siab. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom rau tus neeg yuav khoom yog qhov lav tias cov khoom yuav raug muag, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom yuav rov qab mus rau tom khw dua.

Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev sib tw. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau cov tuam txhab loj muaj cov qauv tsim tau zoo ntawm cov tuam tsev, uas nws txoj haujlwm yog los muab cov khoom muag nrog cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muag. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua ub no, uas cuam tshuam txog kev tshawb nrhiav rau cov neeg muag khoom raug, kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom, kev kawm txog ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej lub npe, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau cov tuam tsev thiab cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.

Lwm qhov kev txhawb siab tseem ceeb uas txhawb cov neeg lag luam kom tswj hwm lawv tus kheej cov khoom lag luam zoo nyob rau theem tsim nyog yog cov cai ntawm txoj cai. Txoj cai lij choj hais li cas txog cov khoom zoo? Lub xeev txaus siab ncaj qha rau kev txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom txoj cai. Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau xav txog txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation qhia nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees tseem ceeb rau kev txaus siab ntawm tus neeg siv khoom.

Tshwj xeeb, ntau cov kev cai lij choj tau lees paub cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau xa rov qab cov khoom, qhov zoo ntawm "tsis ua raws li tus qauv". Hauv kev xyaum, kev ua raws li qhov kev sib pauv no feem ntau xav tau lub koom haum ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov laj thawj vim li cas cov khoom lag luam tsis ua raws li qee yam qauv.

Raws li tsim nyogtau pauv thiab cov khoom zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua raws li qee qhov xwm txheej.

Cia tham txog cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws

Qhov kev xeem zoo yog dab tsi? Cov txheej txheem no muaj nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb no (ua los ntawm kev pib ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom lossis tus muag khoom) ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txhawm rau paub seb nws puas yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo. Thiab tseem - tsim kom muaj qhov ua tau ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.

Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau, cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau ua thaum tus neeg siv khoom xav rov qab cov khoom, qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis haum nws, lossis xav tau nyiaj rov qab ntawm cov nyiaj them rau nws. Yog li, cov neeg muag khoom muaj lub sijhawm los xyuas kom meej tias cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim nrog cov khoom tsis yog qhov txhaum ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Vim li ntawd lawv thiaj pib qhov kev xeem.

Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ua los ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb. Cov no suav nrog cov chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb lossis chaw ua haujlwm kws tshaj lij.

Hauv qab no peb tshaj tawm daim ntawv thov (piv txwv) rau kev xa rov qab ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo. Nov yog daim ntawv universal uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom khoom thiab ntau qhov xwm txheej.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv no tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau thaum nws los txog rau kev siv txoj cai tiv thaiv neeg siv khoom. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Yog tias nws tau ua pov thawj tias tus neeg muag khoom tau ua txhaum ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo (los yog cov khoom yogxa hauv daim ntawv no los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom), tus neeg siv khoom muaj cai thov kom nws hloov nrog ib qho zoo sib xws. Lwm qhov kev xaiv uas feem ntau siv hauv kev xyaum yog los ua kom tau raws li tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau kom rov qab cov nyiaj them rau cov khoom tsis zoo.

Ob tog - yuav thiab muag - tuaj yeem sib tw cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev hais plaub.