De-icing kua: siv rau lub dav hlau, daim ntawv thov nta, txheej txheem cej luam ntawm manufacturers

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub tswv yim ntawm "lub dav hlau huv" muab rau qhov xav tau los ntxuav nws qhov chaw los ntawm cov dej khov, daus thiab lwm yam kab mob. Qhov no yog vim huab cua rhiab heev ntawm aerodynamic zog ntawm lub dav hlau txawm tias me me hloov nyob rau hauv geometric tsis ntawm lub fuselage thiab tis. Tsis tas li ntawd, icing tuaj yeem ua kom tiav lossis ib feem ntawm qhov thaiv ntawm lub kauj. Tag nrho cov no yog fraught nrog heev undesirable txim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej no, cov kev cai cuam tshuam muab rau kev kho lub dav hlau nrog cov kua dej tiv thaiv ua ntej tawm mus.

Ua rau dej khov

Thaum qhov kub thiab txias ze rau qhov tsis zoo, crystallization ntawm cov dej hauv cov huab cua tshwm sim. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Frost los yog ice crystals tso rau saum npoo ntawm lub dav hlau. Qee zaum qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nag lossis daus, feem ntautsis kaj siab uas yog cov thiaj li hu ua freezing rains. Feem ntau ya raws tau rau saum npoo ntawm lub tshuab thaum caij tsheb tavxij ntawm tshav dav hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntuj tsim, cov kua dej los tiv thaiv cov icing yog siv los yog siv tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua tub rog aviation, nws tseem yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb thiab yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg coob.

dej yog dab tsi

Muaj plaub hom tshuaj tiv thaiv icing. Raws li txoj cai, lawv hom yog qhia los ntawm Roman tus lej ntawm thawj mus rau plaub. Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov kua dej no:

• Type kuv tsis muaj cov thickeners (tsis zoo li lwm hom), tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tsuas yog siv thaum kub thiab ua haujlwm tsuas yog tshem cov daus, av thiab dej khov. Xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv.
• Hom II muaj cov thickeners thiab tsawg kawg 50% ethylene glycol, tab sis tsuas yog muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv rov icing rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Muaj ntxoov daj.
• Type III zoo ib yam li hom II, tab sis muaj tsawg dua thickener. Hom no yog siv los tswj cov dav hlau uas tsis tshua muaj siab. Tsis muaj xim.
• Type IV muaj lub siab concentration ntawm thickener thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev tiv thaiv rov icing. Muaj xim ntsuab emerald.

Txhua cov kua siv diluted nrog dej, cov dej ntsiab lus hauv cov kua rau txhua hom yog tswj nruj thiab nyob ntawm huab cua. Kubkhov ntawm cov kua yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 10 degrees qis dua qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub sib tov anti-icing kua ntawm ntau hom sib txawv. Nws tseem raug txwv tsis pub sib xyaw ua kua ntawm tib hom, tab sis los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Ntawm cov dav hlau dav hlau, hom tseem ceeb yog hom IV kua.

Regulations

Nyob rau hauv Russia, GOST R54264-2010 yog nyob rau hauv quab yuam, piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev thov cov kua anti-icing rau lub dav hlau. Cov kev cai ntawm GOST no yog koom ua ke nrog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb ISO 11075 thiab ISO 11078. Cov kev coj ua hauv ntiaj teb tam sim no muab rau cov kev sim ntsuas ntawm tag nrho cov kua dej tiv thaiv icing hauv cov chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb thiab tshaj tawm cov npe ntawm cov kua dej tso cai siv. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yog nyob rau hauv pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no yog ua los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Air Transport Agency. Rau lub caij nplooj zeeg-lub caij ntuj no, cov dej hauv qab no tso cai rau siv: hom I - Arktika DG, Safewing EG I 1996 (88), AVIAFLO EG (AVIAFLO EG), OCTAFLO EG, Oktaflo Lyod, DEFROST EG 88.1. Rau hom II, tsuas yog ib qho kua tau pom zoo siv: Safewing MP II FLIGHT. Hom III tsis siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tshav dav hlau, vim hais tias hom no tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov Federal Air Transport Agency. Rau hom IV, Safewing MP IV LAUCH, Max Davhlau Sneg, Max Davhlau 04, Max Davhlau AVIA thiab Safewing EG IV NORT yuav siv tau.

hom kev ua haujlwm

Ob sivyooj yim hom aircraft pre-flight kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, lawv raug txwv rau kev tu lub dav hlau hauv ib theem. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua ua ntej lub dav hlau npaj rau cov neeg caij nkoj. Daus thiab lwm yam deposits tsuas yog tshem tawm los ntawm lub dav hlau siv hom I de-icing kua, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm icing nto, kev kho mob yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob theem. Ua ntej, raws li tau piav qhia, thiab tom qab ntawd, tam sim ntawd ua ntej tawm mus, lawv raug kho nrog hom II, III lossis IV los tiv thaiv cov kua dej. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua tiav yog ua los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub dav hlau thiab tus tswj lub tshav dav hlau. Ntxiv mus, yog tias ib qho ntawm lawv yog rau, thiab lwm qhov tawm tsam, kev ua haujlwm tseem ua tiav.

Producers

Raws li, aircraft de-icing fluids tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom, tab sis daim pib nkag mus rau lub khw no kim heev. Kev xav tau kev lees paub, dhau ntau theem kev xeem, ncig los ntawm cov neeg sib tw muaj zog nrog ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub thiab lub koob npe nrov - tag nrho qhov no ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab tshiab nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam.

Tam sim no, cov npe tseem ceeb yog Asmeskas thiab Canadian Killfrost, Safewing, Octaflo, Maxflight. Tsis ntev los no, cov khoom ntawm German tuam txhab Clarion tau pom zoo. Ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev, ib tus tuaj yeem hu ua kua hom kuv "Arktika". Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kua tso cai rau siv saum toj no, hauv tsevcov chaw tsim khoom tau tso cai los tsim cov kua tshuaj tiv thaiv hom 1 nkaus xwb, tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab Lavxias ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws, tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm Western hom raws li daim ntawv tso cai thiab tau txais cov thev naus laus zis. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no yog Moscow-based ZAO Octafluid, uas ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov neeg Asmeskas, nrog rau Nizhnekamsk tuam txhab Arkton. Qhov ntim ntawm kev noj cov kua ntawm txhua hom hauv Moscow tshav dav hlau ib leeg yog kwv yees li ntawm 12,000 tons hauv ib xyoos. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv icing ntawm lub tshav dav hlau yuav tsum loj txaus.

khoom siv ua haujlwm

Rau kev ua cov dav hlau, cov tshuab tshwj xeeb yog siv rau ntawm lub platform ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom. Lawv tau nruab nrog telescopic booms nrog swivel nozzles rau txau cov kua dej tiv thaiv icing. Tus neeg teb xov tooj lub tsev yog nruab nrog lub tshuab cua sov, thiab lub tshuab nws tus kheej yog nruab nrog sensors thiab teeb pom kev zoo, tso cai rau koj kom ze li sai tau rau lub dav hlau tsis txhob tsoo nws. Cov hoses sib cais muaj nyob rau thaj chaw nyuaj mus txog, xws li hauv qab ntawm lub dav hlau.

Ua lub dav hlau nrog cov kua dej tiv thaiv dej tsuas yog los tiv thaiv lub tshuab hauv av, kom txog thaum tawm mus, thaum cov khoom seem ntawm cov kua no tau tawg los ntawm cov huab cua tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ncaj qha nyob rau hauv davhlau, txhua lub dav hlau siv nws cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv icing systems.

Air crashes

Txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub dav hlau lub cev icing tau ntev tau kawm zoo, vim yogtsis quav ntsej txog aviation kev nyab xeeb kev sib tsoo tseem tshwm sim. Qee tus ntawm lawv yog kev sib tsoo ntawm CRJ Belavia lub dav hlau hauv Yerevan xyoo 2008, kev sib tsoo hauv Sochi thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2016 thiab qhov kev sib tsoo tsis ntev los no ntawm An-148 lub dav hlau xyoo no. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb los ntawm kev ncua sij hawm tawm mus vim xav tau kev kho mob los tiv thaiv icing, muab tso rau me me, tsis raug cai.