Silicate kev lag luam - thiab lub tsev, thiab lub ru tsev, thiab tais diav

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Zoo li nceb tom qab los nag, cov tsev loj loj loj tau pib loj hlob hauv ntau lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb, uas yog cov qauv tsim kev daws teeb meem uas organically sib xyaw ua vaj tse thiab iav. Nws yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas xav tau nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no uas kev lag luam silicate tsim. Cov no suav nrog cib thiab blocks. Ntxiv rau lawv, ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws no tsim cov iav thiab cov khoom siv ceramic.

Kev lag luam silicate yog ib qho haujlwm uas muaj cov khoom siv silicon (tsuas yog xuab zeb thiab av nplaum) ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov khoom siv yog raws li kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw silicate, alloys ntawm polysilicates thiab aluminosilicates. Nws yog qhov kev lag luam no uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, cov tais diav ceramic yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev nplij siab hauv tsev. Cov qauv no tau txuas ntxiv niaj hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tais diav tsis yog los ntawm av nplaum xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), uas suav tias yog hom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ceramics, tau dhau los.

Tsuas yog kev tsim khoomcov khoom siv ceramic rau cov ntxhuav thiab cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, kev lag luam silicate tsim cov pobzeb, cov vuas, cov kav dej, siv cov av nplaum sib xyaw nrog ntau yam minerals. Kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog dej qab zib, magnesium, calcium, aluminium.

Tib lub sijhawm, nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo, txhua yam khoom siv ceramic tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom:

- refractory ceramics - cov khoom siv uas nws siv cuam tshuam nrog qhov kub thiab txias (cib thiab blocks rau qhov cub, qhov cub);

- ceramics uas tsis hloov lawv qhov zoo thiab cov khoom raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj reagents;

- cov ceramics zoo, uas suav nrog cov tais diav thiab khoom siv hauv tsev ua los ntawm faience thiab porcelain.

Lwm yam khoom nrov heev uas ua los ntawm kev lag luam silicate yog iav. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv raw yog quartz xuab zeb. Nyob ntawm qhov xav tau, ntau cov khoom sib xyaw ntxiv rau nws: dej qab zib, limestone, potash, lead oxide, chromium oxide, cob alt oxide, tooj liab oxide, manganese tebchaw, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau hom khoom siv no.

Kev lag luam silicate tsim cov iav hauv qab no:

- fiberglass - siv dav hlau thiab tsheb lag luam;

- iav siv lead ua - siv los ua ntau hom lo ntsiab muag, nrog rau cov tais diav, chandeliers;

- fiberglass -kev sib xyaw ntawm fiberglass thiab yas (cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom hauv nkoj, aviation thiab tsheb lag luam);

- xim iav - yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv xim xim, xim iav, thiab lwm yam;

- tshuaj iav - yam ntxwv los ntawm qib siab ntawm refractoriness, uas yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam tshuaj;

- iav zoo tib yam - yog cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov iav qhov rais, hub, fwj, iav, thiab lwm yam.;

- quartz - lub iav ntshiab uas tsis muaj cov impurities (hom no yog siv hauv cov chaw soj nstuam, mercury teeb).

Kev lag luam silicate yog ib ceg ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws, nws qhov hnyav hauv kev txhim kho tag nrho lwm cov kev lag luam loj heev.