Slate yog ua los ntawm dab tsi thiab nws puas tsim nyog?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv slate, ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam, ib tug yuav tsum tau koom nyob rau hauv kev sib cav txog dab tsi slate yog ua los ntawm thiab seb nws puas tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas tshem tawm los yog ib feem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev no yog ib lub ntsiab lus paub zoo ntawm kev sib tham ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev hauv Internet. Hais txog qhov no, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau dot kuv thiab nkag siab tias slate puas tsim kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag, lossis nws tsuas yog lwm qhov lus dab neeg xwb.

Backstory

Natural slate flat slate tau siv sijhawm ntev heev, txawm li cas los xij, coj mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Nruab Nrab. Lawv npog tsev, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm daus, nag thiab cua. Cov tswv tsev Noble suav tias yog slate hnav-tiv taus thiab xis nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, es tsis txhob ntawm ntuj slate, ib tug pheej yig saib tuaj - asbestos cement slate, uas thawj zaug kov yeej European lag luam nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv,thiab tom qab ntawd hauv tsev.

Invented dab tsi los ua slate los ntawm thiab patented no ntau lawm technology (los ntawm asbestos cement) ib tug engineer los ntawm Austria - L. Gatchek. Nrog nws cov kev pab, xyoo 1902, ib lub tuam txhab ua lag luam tau tsim los tsim cov slate. Nrog rau qhov ceev tsis txaus ntseeg, kev lag luam "ntws" mus rau Fabkis, Italians thiab Czechs. Xyoo 1908, kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev kuj tau ntes cov lag luam hauv tsev.

Cov kev sib tw tawm tshiab tau ua rau txo qis ntawm cov nqi rau cov ntaub ntawv asbestos cement thiab nce kev thov ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom rau lub sijhawm ntev. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum xub thawj asbestos-cement nplooj ntawv hu ua "Eternite", uas txhais tau hais tias "nyob mus ib txhis". Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev no, cov teeb meem nrog lub ru tsev tau raug daws. Thaum lub sij hawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev, lub slate tau dismantled thiab tsiv mus rau lwm lub tsev.

thawj zaug hauv tsev

Nyob hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau pib ua rau xyoo 1908. Kev tsim khoom raug tso tawm hauv lub zos Fokino, uas nyob ze Bryansk. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem tau txais kev muaj koob meej sai, txij li Russia muaj cov ntaub ntawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb, los ntawm cov slate tau ua nyob rau hauv USSR. Yog li, txawm tias ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, 6 lub chaw tsim khoom tau tshwm sim hauv Rostov-on-Don, Voskresensk, Kramatorsk, Sukhoi Luga, Novorossiysk, thiab Volsk.

Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, qee lub tuam txhab tau thauj mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom raug puas tsuaj thaum tsov rog, tom qab lawv tsis rov tsim dua.

In the 60s slatelos ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev - yuav luag txhua lub tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem pom slate. Ntxiv nrog rau kev npog lub ru tsev, cov ntawv txheeb tau siv rau lub hom phiaj, nrog rau kev tsim cov laj kab. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj coob tus lag luam tshiab tau qhib. Tab sis kev tsim cov nplooj ntawv ntawm chrysotile cement dheev poob thaum lub sij hawm perestroika. Tom qab kev sib cais ntawm Soviet Union, tawm ntawm 58 lub chaw tsim khoom, tsuas yog 28 lub chaw ua haujlwm, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis xav tau txo lawv cov assortment.

Composition of domestic slate

Lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev uas cuam tshuam nrog GOST - cov nplooj ntawv ntawm asbestos cement yoj los yog tiaj tus. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus txog nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Dab tsi yog slate ua los ntawm? Rau kev tsim khoom, 3 yam khoom siv: asbestos fibers, cement thiab dej. Cov fibers asbestos suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv vov tsev yog cov khoom siv uas ua rau cov nplooj ntawv, raws li qee tus neeg, muaj kev phom sij thiab tseem ceeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Nyob ntawm slate

Asbestos-cement nplooj ntawv tau xav tau loj heev thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Dab tsi slate tau ua los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau piav qhia saum toj no. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias ua ntej nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb hauv cov xim grey, tab sis niaj hnub no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv tuaj. Nws yog tsim los ntawm pouring qhov sib tov rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev mus txog ib tug txhim khu kev qha, muaj zog daim ntawv.

Hauv lub tebchaws CIS, feem ntau cov neeg tsim khoom tseem xav txog slate los ua cov khoom siv vov tsev zoo tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau hom slate ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Seven Wave Slate

khoom nrog 7 nthwv dej ntawm lub hau. Daim ntawv muaj cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:

• ntev - 1 m 75 cm,
• thickness - 5.8 hli,
• dav 98 cm,
• nyhav - 23.2 kg.

Rau kev tso cov slate no, cov ntsia hlau tshwj xeeb lossis cov nplaum nplaum yog siv. Cov kauj ruam ntawm ib nthwv dej nrog cov qauv tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom yog 15 cm, thiab qhov siab yog 4 cm. Qhov kawg (hnyav) nthwv dej yog me ntsis me dua li lwm tus, tab sis tus yam ntxwv no tsis ua txhaum cov cai ntawm GOST.

yim yoj slate

Cov qauv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv vov tsev yog tsim los ntawm GOST 30340-95. Vim yog cov lus tshaj tawm, nws yooj yim rau kev paub qhov tseeb ntawm qhov qub. Ib daim ntawv muaj qhov ntev ntawm 1 m 75 cm, dav ntawm 1 m 13 cm, tuab ntawm 5.8 mm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 26.1 kg. Cov kauj ruam ntawm ib nthwv dej feem ntau yog 15 cm, thiab qhov siab yog 4 cm.

Nws pib tsim tawm tsis ntev los no hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Slate ntawm hom no yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, ob qho tib si rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Dab tsi yog soft slate ua los ntawm? Qhov tseeb yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li tej yam ntuj tso minerals. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheej yog cov ntxhia fiber ntau impregnated nrog cov khoom siv bitumen. Nws yog lub teeb yuag thiab muaj lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

hlau slate

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm dab tsi yoj hlau slate yog ua los ntawm galvanized steel. Ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, nws tau muab tso rau hauv siab, yog limuab nws ib daim duab wavy. Cov txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev lag luam loj.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

slate yog dab tsi? Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev no tsis txawv ntawm lwm hom khoom. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog asbestos thiab cement mix. Xws li slate yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm skyscrapers, lub teb chaws tsev thiab txawm zoo tib yam outbuildings. Feem ntau, tib neeg nkag siab slate li kev sib xyaw asbestos-cement, uas yog zoo li tus nthwv dej, tab sis tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lwm hom khoom siv vov tsev. Tsuas yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov slate tiaj tus tau ua tsis tau hloov pauv.

Slate txaus ntshai. Dab neeg los yog qhov tseeb?

Ntau, xav txog dab tsi slate yog ua los ntawm thiab seb nws puas tsim kev puas tsuaj, sib cav hais tias nws tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev yog tiag tiag. Lwm tus xav txog qhov no lwm qhov lus dab neeg uas cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv kim dua rau cov vov tsev tau tuaj nrog. Muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov teeb meem no, qhov twg txhua sab sim ua pov thawj nws tus kheej qhov kev xav. Xav tsis thoob li nws zoo li, ob tog yog ib feem yog.

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog slate? Puas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev tau raug tshawb fawb pov thawj? Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum sib tov cov tshuaj thawj zaug, muaj teeb meem, raws li feem ntau ntseeg, cov khoom, uas yog asbestos fibers, yog suav nrog. Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho chaw ntawm cov tshuaj carcinogen, uas, yog tias nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho lus ceeb toom, uas tsis yog txhua homasbestos fibers yog txaus ntshai. Cov kab hauv qab yog cov khoom siv elastic, muaj cov fibers zoo thiab ua cov ntxhia hauv nws cov ntsiab lus, muab faib ua 2 pawg tseem ceeb:

1. Chrysotile tiv taus alkali tab sis tawg hauv acid.
2. Amphibole - nyuaj rau kev hnov mob ntawm cov kua qaub, tab sis tawg mus rau alkali.

Los ntawm cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias rau cov kab mob muaj sia nyob qib thib ob ntawm asbestos suav tias yog qhov phom sij tshaj plaws, tab sis nws yog nws tau siv los tsim cov slate hauv European lub teb chaws vim tsis muaj chrysotile asbestos. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, qhov xwm txheej zoo li thim rov qab. Hauv kev tsim cov ntawv rau vov tsev, chrysotile asbestos yog tam sim no siv, uas tsis tshua muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias amphibole asbestos yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab yog li kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj asbestos, uas suav nrog slate.

Cov kws txawj hais li cas?

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev ua los ntawm asbestos thiab cement yog "kwv yees deb." Qhov tseeb, lawv qhov kev xav yog qhov kev ntseeg siab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom los ntawm kev muab lawv txoj kev tsim nyog ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej.

Ib yam siv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam uas txiav cov nplooj ntawv slate, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev uas tus kheej nteg lub ru tsev lossis tsim laj kab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv asbestos cement. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nyob rau hauvNyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm sawing, tawg los yog crushing txheej, cov ntsiab lus ntawm asbestos fibers pib soar nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, uas yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thaum ua pa.

Cov pov thawj pom tseeb hauv kev pom zoo ntawm "kev phom sij" cov khoom siv ru tsev yog qhov tseeb tias cov fibers txhawb nqa kuj tseem muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no hom txheej tsis muaj asbestos:

• Ypolyethylene;
• cellulose;
• Ypolypropylene;
• carbon thiab ntau dua.

Zaj lus

Nws ntseeg tau tias tsuas yog cov hmoov av asbestos txaus ntshai, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev txiav lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov nplooj ntawv slate. Yog hais tias lawv tsuas yog pw ntawm lub ru tsev lossis cov phiaj xwm, ces lawv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Raws li cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev, qhov hype txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm slate tsuas yog ua kom cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj asbestos nrov dua hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam.