2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau ib qho ntawm cov qib siab tshaj plaws thiab siv dav hlau. Peb yuav piav qhia luv luv txog qhov nws siv rau, tham txog ib qho kev xav paub thermal heev, txawm qhia koj kom paub koj tus kheej nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv, xws li GOST 8479-70, thiab tseem qhia txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab qhia koj tias nws cuam tshuam li cas. nws cov yam ntxwv.
Daim ntawv thov
Yog li, cia peb pib nrog ntau tshaj, hauv peb lub tswv yim, pom tseeb, tab sis tsis muaj lus nug tseem ceeb, uas yog, 20xn3a steel siv rau dab tsi. Feem ntau, cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm qib no ntawm cov hlau, uas tom qab ntawd raug rau cov txheej txheem carburizing. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov chaw ntawm hom no yuav tsum tau muab cov tawv tawv thiab cov yas sab hauv rau yav tom ntej.
Cov kev xav tau no feem ntau yog rau cov khoom lag luam uas, thaum lawv ua haujlwm, ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm qhov yuav raug thauj khoom, suav nrog kev poob siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hard txheej txheej yuav yogtiv thaiv deformation ntawm ib feem, thiab sab hauv mos txheej yuav ua rau tag nrho lub cev qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thiab nqus lawv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib feem. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov ncej, studs, bolts, gears thiab bushings, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Carburizing steel
Thiab txij li peb tau hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau 20xn3a, nws tsim nyog qhia koj, txawm hais tias luv luv, txog qhov txheej txheem no yog dab tsi. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem yog kom saturate pom tseeb qis-carbon (feem ntau mus txog 0.2% C) steel nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau, yog li muab nws hardness. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov txheej txheem no yuav carbonize tsuas yog txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom hlau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.5 txog 2 millimeters, tawm hauv nruab nrab mos thiab pliable.
Cov txheej txheem carburizing nws tus kheej, uas muab 20khn3a steel yam ntxwv ntawm kev muaj zog ntxiv, ua tiav ntawm qhov kub siab (850-950 ° C) hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov pa roj carbon. Cov nroj tsuag feem ntau siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas siv cov methane lossis carbon monoxide, tab sis cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws kuj tuaj yeem siv tau siv hluav taws xob lossis sodium carbonate tov.
Thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj, steel nkag mus rau theem nquag thiab adsorbs carbon los ntawm ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txheej txheem no qeeb qeeb. Nws yuav siv sij hawm 4 mus rau 10 teev los carburize ib txheej ntawm ib millimeter, nyob ntawm txoj kev carburizing.
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Raws li koj paub, cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua qib steel nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceebtig los ntawm cov alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv nws kawg muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog cov additives ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshuaj uas thaum kawg muab cov hlau tsim nyog cov khoom, txawm nws hardness los yog, conversely, ductility, tsis kam mus corrosion los yog poob siab loads. Tias yog vim li cas qee zaum nws tseem ceeb heev kom kawm txog cov khoom siv hlau. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog saib GOST sib xws. Steel 20khn3a yog hais nyob rau hauv ntau GOSTs, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau nws yooj yim rau koj mus nrhiav tau, peb yuav sau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv loj feem nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm steel txoj cai nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Nws zoo li no:
- Carbon - 0.2%.
- Chrome - 0.75%.
- Nickel - 2.95%.
- Manganese - 0.45%.
- Silicon - 0.27%.
- Copper - 0.3%.
- Sulfur thiab phosphorus - 0.025%.
Ntse
Tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qib steel yog inevitably soj ntsuam, tom qab ntawd kuaj xyuas thiab thaum kawg nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas yog, GOST. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm thiab cov ncauj lus ntawm metallurgy feem ntau, peb qhia koj kom xyuam xim rau GOST 8479-70, nrog rau GOST 4543-71, 7417-75 thiab 103-2006. Thaum kawm cov ntaub ntawv no, koj feem ntau yuav tuaj hla cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab cov npe, uas koj yuav ua tau zoo kom paub koj tus kheej kom kawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis nyuaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb digress me ntsis ntawm lub ncauj lus. Txij li thaum peb twb paub peb tus kheej nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm steel 20khn3a, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws lub ntsiab.khoom. Cov hlau no, vim yog impurities ntawm npib tsib xee, chromium thiab tooj liab, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv corrosion, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau ntau qhov chaw ua los ntawm qib steel. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntau dua nickel nce hardenability, uas yuav ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem carburizing.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, carbon yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub hardness, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yog heev me me los xyuas kom meej qhov pib hardness ntawm steel 20xn3a. Silicon thiab chromium me ntsis txhim kho qhov teeb meem no, tab sis lawv cov nyhuv ntawm lub zog thiab hardness ntawm hlau yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb.
Pom zoo:
Hom kev ncig xyuas thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ncig xyuas ncig xyuas
Tus neeg ncig xyuas muab ntau yam kev pabcuam mus ncig thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tshwj tseg cov kev pabcuam hauv lwm lub nroog thiab lub tebchaws, ua haujlwm rau cov haujlwm no. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm tourism kev pab cuam, nws occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb niche. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav txiav txim siab txog hom kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg ncig xyuas
Dab tsi yog qhov project. Txhais ntawm qhov project, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv
Lo lus "project" (projectus) yog txhais los ntawm Latin tias "zoo, txav mus tom ntej, protruding." Thiab yog tias koj rov tsim dua lub tswv yim ntawm "txoj haujlwm txhais" hauv Oxford lexicon, koj tau txais: "kev npaj pib ua lag luam zoo, lub tuam txhab tsim tus kheej, lossis kev sib koom ua haujlwm txhawm rau ua tiav cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb"
Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog Txhais, tswvyim, yam ntxwv thiab qhov ntev. Tsheb ciav hlau qhov ntev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chaw khiav haujlwm
Kev mus los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau hla lub nroog thiab cov nroog, koj tuaj yeem kawm ntau yam nthuav thiab lom zem txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ntau tshaj ib zaug, cov neeg taug kev tau nug lawv tus kheej cov lus nug txog qhov twg qhov no lossis txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau coj mus? Thiab tus engineer uas tswj lub tsheb ciav hlau xav li cas thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau pib tawm lossis tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb? Yuav ua li cas thiab los ntawm qhov twg cov tsheb hlau txav thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm cov khoom dov yog dab tsi?
Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv tsev so, tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus
Kev lag luam tsev so yog ib ceg ntawm kev tos txais qhua. Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev pabcuam hauv tsev so raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub tsev so yog vim muaj kev lag luam zoo ntawm cov lag luam kev lag luam uas xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas xav tau cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev pab thiab khoom noj
Yam koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij: cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov cai, cov cai thiab kev cai lij choj. Cov lus teb thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tavxij, cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom
Raws li ntau tus neeg caij tsheb, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus tsav tsheb tavxij yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Koj zaum, mloog suab paj nruag zoo nkauj thiab tsav tsheb rov qab los. Thiab lawv muab nyiaj rau koj. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog sab nraud ntawm lub npib. Qhov rov qab yog ntau dua rosy. Peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kab lus no. Thiab peb tseem yuav qhia txog yam koj xav tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij
