"Hurricane" (MLRS). Lavxias teb sab MLRS 9K57 "Hurricane"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Missile riam phom txij li lub sijhawm ntawm USSR, thiab tam sim no hauv Lavxias Federation, txuas ntxiv ua daim npav tseem ceeb tsis yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hauv kev sib tham thoob ntiaj teb.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tshua muaj los ntawm qhov no. Ntau yam xav tau hauv kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm cov tub rog ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tua hluav taws. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog "Hurricane". MLRS yog dav ntawm cov tub rog, nws yog pheej yig heev los tsim. Muab nws txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov kev ntshaw ntawm RF Armed Forces niaj hnub no los hloov kho qhov nyuaj no, keeb kwm uas tau pib rov qab rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem!

History of Creation

Nws feem ntau lees txais tias txhua qhov kev tsim kho hauv tsev ntawm hom no muaj ib tus neeg loj hlob - Katyusha MLRS. Hauv kev nkag siab, qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias ntau lub foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus dab neeg.

Piv txwv li, cov neeg tsim qauv hauv tsev tau tso tseg txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntev ntev raws li cov lus qhia: qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ntseeg tau, txij li qhov projectile txoj hauv kev hloov mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yog qhov siab heev.

Yog li ntawd, ntawm noCov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm 9k57 Uragan MLRS yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog M-21V kev teeb tsa, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam rov qab rau xyoo 1963.

Txawm hais tias tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm MLRS no, cov tub rog tsis txaus siab rau nws. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1963, Tula tau txais ib lub xeev kev tiv thaiv kev txiav txim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab cog lus qauv, uas yuav tsis muaj cov shortcomings ntawm lub M-21V. Cov tub rog tau ntaus nqi rau cov kev ua haujlwm qis qis, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws qhov projectile ib txwm tsis txaus siab. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, peb cov tub rog tau nkag siab zoo tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog "sib tsoo" cov yeeb ncuab tank kab ua ntej, thiab yog li lwm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev txhim kho tshiab yog qhov ua tau zoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus tiv thaiv cov phom sij. hom phiaj.

Saib ua ntej, peb nco ntsoov tias MLRS 9k57 "Hurricane" zoo kawg nkaus tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no.

Sketches

Los ntawm 1963 txog 1964, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Tula Central Design Bureau tau koom nrog kev kawm paub txog cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau lawv. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas tom qab ntawd ntsib lawv yog qhov tsim ntawm MLRS, uas yuav tso cai rau ntaus tus yeeb ncuab lub neej thiab lub zog tsav ntawm qhov deb txog li 40 mais.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no yog qhov haujlwm nag xob nag cua, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1964. MLRS ntawm hom no xav tias qhov swb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm qhov deb txog li 35 mais. Nws qhov zoo dua yog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab, uas tso cai rau nws sai sai tua hluav taws los ntawm qhov chaw kaw thiab tawm mus yam tsis raug ntes los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Thaum kawg ntawm 1966 - pib ntawm 1967 hauv Tula pibua cov haujlwm tshawb fawb loj ntawm kev cia siab rau kev siv cov txheej txheem tshiab rau hauv kev pabcuam. Nws qhov tshwm sim yog ib lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm qhov complex, uas suav nrog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub plhaub thiab cov xwm txheej rau lawv siv.

Los ntawm 1970, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam tau qhia kom kos cov qauv kawg ntawm MLRS 9k57 "Hurricane". Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, engineers thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho nyob deb ntawm Tula ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Moscow cheeb tsam Central Design Bureau, ib tug ua tiav txoj kev tshawb no ntawm high explosive nqi thiab fuse systems tau ua. Hauv Kazan, lawv tau tsim kev tshem tawm cov nqi rau lub plhaub nrog ib pawg-hom warhead.

qhov xeem ua ntej

Tus nyeem ntawv tsis paub yuav xav tsis thoob tias nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas Soviet kev lag luam los tsim ib qho qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no tsuas yog tsis muaj kev txhim kho loj hauv cheeb tsam no. Raws li kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab kev sim uas tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, qhov tshwj xeeb Uragan tau txais. Qhov MLRS no tseem siv nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb.

Tshwj xeeb, nrog nws pab lawv tawm tsam txawm nyob hauv Syria. Feem ntau, lub sij hawm uas tau siv rau cov kev tshawb fawb no yeej tsis nyob hauv vain. Piv txwv li, Smerch ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws raws li qhov tseeb vim tias tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm txhua qhov kev suav tau npaj lawm.

Cia peb rov qab mus rau qhov kev xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1972, nyob rau hauv simCov kws tshaj lij tau nthuav tawm nrog cov qauv yuav luag tiav ntawm lub kaw lus, uas dhau tag nrho cov kev sim hauv Hoobkas. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog:

• MLRS tau nruab nrog cov pawg tsis muaj kev taw qhia thiab cov foob pob tawg siab, uas nqa 80 thiab 105 kilograms ntawm cov khoom tawg, raws li.
• BM 9P140, uas txawm li cas los xij nws tau txiav txim siab siv tus qauv ZIL-135LM chassis (vim kev siv zog thiab tsis muaj kev pom zoo, qhov project chassis tau raug tsis lees paub).
• Lub 9T452 thauj thiab thauj khoom, uas tau nruab rau ntawm lub chassis ntawm tib ZIL-135LM.
• Lub complex kuj suav nrog cov khoom siv kho thiab tu cov cav tov.

Ob peb xyoos ntxiv, lub Hoobkas yob tawm tau tshwm sim, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tam sim no "Hurricane" tshwm sim. Qhov MLRS no xyoo 1974 muaj kwv yees li qhov ua tau zoo ib yam li lub sijhawm tam sim no. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1976, lub complex tau txais thaum kawg.

Nws siv sijhawm ob xyoos los kho qee cov kab mob me. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm no, cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim ntau yam tshiab thiab cog lus ntawm cov plhaub.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom suav nrog hauv qhov ua tiav?

• Lub 9P140 sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej.
• Tshuab thauj khoom thiab thauj cov plhaub 9T452.
• Reactive nqi.
• Tsis siv neeg hluav taws kub tswj thiab kho cov cuab yeej 1V126 Kapustnik-B.
• Txhais tau rau kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej ze li sai tau los tawm tsam.
• Topographic reconnaissance tshebterrain 1T12-2M.
• Tshaj rau kev taw qhia nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb txog huab cua 1B44.
• Khoom kho thiab kho cov cuab yeej 9F381.

Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab tau muab luam tawm, yog li txawm tias kev puas tsuaj rau lawv lossis ua tiav qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws tsis yog qhov cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm tuaj yeem ua manually.

Propulsion Specifications

Lub tshuab yog tsav los ntawm ob lub V-engine ZIL-375YA, txhua tus muaj 180 hp. Nrog. Cov log ntawm ob sab yog tsav los ntawm lawv tus kheej lub cav, muaj ib qho kev ywj pheej gearbox thiab kis tau tus mob. Cov kauj log yog ntsia rau ntawm thawj thiab plaub qag.

Lub tsheb tau nruab tsis tsuas yog nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub log tsheb siab xyuas qhov system, nws tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm rau lawv mus. Passability thiab ceev cov yam ntxwv yog zoo heev. Ntawm ib qhov chaw nres tsheb roj, koj tuaj yeem tsav tau txog 600 km, muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 65 km / h. Lub tshuab yooj yim kov yeej dej obstacles mus txog 1.2 m tob yam tsis muaj kev npaj ntxiv.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev suav thiab thauj khoom

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, muaj plaub pawg neeg raug xaiv: tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsheb, tus neeg tua phom, thiab ob peb tus neeg tua rog uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau phau ntawv qhia thiab kev saib xyuas. Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog, pab pawg tau nce mus rau rau tus neeg, vim muaj ntau yam haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua manually.

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, kev thauj mus los thiab kev thauj khoom ntawm lub plhaub yog siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb9T452, uas yog tsim los ntawm tib lub chassis. Txhua lub tsheb no tsis tsuas yog nqa 16 lub plhaub xwb, tab sis kuj muab lawv cov khoom siv yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov cuab yeej ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem yog tag nrho cov tshuab thiab siv sijhawm tsis pub dhau 14 feeb. TZM crane yog siv, uas tuaj yeem siv los nqa nqa txog 300 kg hauv qhov hnyav.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Grad ntau lub foob pob hluav taws kuj siv tib yam.

khoom siv lub tshuab them nyiaj

Cov khoom siv ntawm lub tshuab thauj khoom nws tus kheej suav nrog lub thav duab rau kev thauj cov plhaub, lub rammer, crane thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom. Muaj ib lub platform cais rau tus neeg teb xov tooj ua haujlwm, kev ntes cov plhaub yog ua los ntawm kev sib cais "claw". Txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm rau kev xa cov plhaub, tig lub crane thiab cov cuab yeej pabcuam tau ua tiav, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem nqa tawm manually.

Tus rammer nws tus kheej yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb nrog lub tshuab thawb, uas coj cov phiaj xwm mus rau qhov chaw zoo. Ua tsaug rau qhov yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kev sib koom ua ke mechanism, tus neeg teb xov tooj tau daws qhov xav tau los koom nrog phau ntawv qhia thiab rammer. Tag nrho cov tshuab yog powered los ntawm hluav taws xob drives, lub generators uas yog kiag li autonomous, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tas yuav pib lub ntsiab cav ntawm lub tshuab rau lawv ua hauj lwm.

YProjectiles used

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws tsis yog tus tsim ntawm lub chassis uas coj cov engineers feem ntau lub sij hawm, tab sis cov creation ntawm fundamentally tshiab hom projectiles. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim tau zoo heev. Yog, mus txog 90%Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg tau ua tiav siv hauv kev txhim kho Smerch system.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov kev sim, yim rau cuaj hom phiaj ntawm qhov projectiles tau tsim. Tam sim no, qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis siv lawm, vim lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov qauv tshiab. Feem ntau lawv raug cais.

Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog 9M27F qhov projectile, nruab nrog cov pa hluav taws xob tawg tawg tawg ua rau lub taub hau. Nws yog universal, tsim los rhuav tshem ob tus yeeb ncuab manpower thiab armored tsheb. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tawg tsuas yog 49 kg nrog qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho qhov projectile ntawm 180 kg.

Hais txog tib zaus, Uragan reactive system siv 9M27K tsub nqi, nruab nrog lub taub hau ntawm pawg, "khoom" nrog cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam. Lawv ua tau zoo heev tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab infantry thiab lub teeb tsheb.

Lub projectile nws tus kheej hnyav txog 271 kg, muaj 30 lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj 350 submunitions nrog cov khoom tawg. Txawm nyob deb ntawm 100 meters los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov tawg, lub plhaub tawg tau yooj yim tho 2 hli ntawm cov hlau zoo sib xws.

Tus qauv 9M27K1 zoo ib yam li cov nqi no, kuj tseem siv cov cassette nrog ntau yam kev puas tsuaj. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias cov khoom sib cais (kuj kwv yees li 30 daim) ntxiv rau dhia thaum lawv tsoo hauv av, ua rau thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntau ntau zaus. Tshwj xeeb, Tornado ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob, aka Smerch, tau nruab nrog tib yam.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab kev khav theeb tiagCov neeg tsim qauv yog qhov projectile 9M27K2, tsim los rau cov chaw taws teeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank minefields. Nws siv tus qauv PTM-1 anti-tank mines. Muaj 24 mines hauv ib lub plhaub. Lawv tau tsim los teeb tsa cov teeb meem sai sai thaum tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov mines yog tom qab 3, 4 teev lawv tus kheej rhuav tshem, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tawm tsam lawv tus kheej tank units.

9M27K3 tau tsim los rau kwv yees li tib lub hom phiaj. Qhov txawv yog tias nws siv PFM-1S mines tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab manpower. Ib qhov projectile muaj 312 mines tiv thaiv cov neeg. Ib lub volley ntawm ib lub tsheb npog 60 hectares. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov no yog ib tug formidable riam phom. "Hurricane" tau txais ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo heev hauv Afghanistan rau lub peev xwm los teeb tsa cov minefields tag nrho nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Tshwj xeeb rau kev rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus, 9M51 projectile tau tsim. Lub taub hau yog nruab nrog cov kua tawg uas tsim los rau kev tawg ntawm cov thermobaric. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tua hluav taws tsis tshaj 13 km.

Lub 9M27C projectile yog incendiary. Nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis yog tib neeg lub zog, tab sis kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig cov khoom siv (tsheb hauv hangars, warehouses nrog cov khoom siv).

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ntau lub foob pob hluav taws xob tua hluav taws xob (cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua thiabcov hauj lwm mus sij hawm ntev.

YModern prospects thiab modernization ntawm complexes

Raws li peb tau hais ntau zaus, qhov nyuaj nws tus kheej tau hloov kho tas li, cov hom tshiab ntawm qhov projectiles tau tsim. Niaj hnub no, Uragan ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tso rau hauv kev pabcuam txawm tias cov tub rog Yemeni, tsis hais txog tag nrho cov qub CIS. Ministry of Defense txhua xyoo xaus cov ntawv cog lus rau kev muab khoom thiab kev saib xyuas cov tshuab no thoob ntiaj teb, yog li tsis tas yuav hais txog qhov tsis muaj npe nrov.

Ib zaug, cov Ukrainians pauv MLRS mus rau lub chassis ntawm lub tsheb KrAZ-6322.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv Afghanistan, qhov kev txiav txim siab MLRS tsuas yog pom nws tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau rov siv dua los ntawm cov tub rog Syrian rov qab rau xyoo 1980s hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg Ixayees. Cov txheej txheem no tau rov siv dua los ntawm peb Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog tawm tsam cov tub rog tsis raug cai ntawm cov tub rog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Chechen koom pheej.

Raws li cov tub rog lawv tus kheej, hom ntau lub foob pob hluav taws no tau siv sijhawm kawg siv tau zoo thaum lub sijhawm tsis zoo ntawm Georgian cov xwm txheej xyoo 2008.

Cov kev cia siab yog dab tsi?

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij hais tias Uragan MLRS yog qhov qub dhau los tam sim no. Yog vim li cas rau nqe lus no yog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab yog me me - tsuas yog 35 km. Tib "Smerch" muab 80-90 mais.

Tab sis yuav tsum tau sau ib tsab ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm no. Qhov khoom yogtias lub hom phiaj ntawm cov complexes tseem txawv. Tsis txhob cuam tshuam 200mm plhaub nrog lawv cov 300mm counterparts. Cov tom kawg (rau "Smerch") tsis tsuas yog loj dua, tab sis kuj hnyav dua. Lawv qhov ntev yog ib 'meter' lossis ob ntev dua li ntawm "Hurricane". Raws li qhov no, yuav tsum muaj sijhawm ntau ntxiv rau kev thauj khoom thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov nyuaj.

Tab sis nag xob nag cua yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws rau lwm qhov kev tua phom ntev ntev. Txawm tias tus kheej-propelled howitzers (xws li Msta-S) tua tsis pub dhau 13-30 km, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm lawv lub plhaub yog ntau zog. MLRS tseem tso cai rau koj los siv lub tshuab tuag taus tiag tiag hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.

Ib lub roj teeb (rau lub tsheb) muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsuaj ntau lub tuam txhab tank ib zaug lossis txawm tias "cov noob" ntau pua hectares nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank lossis tiv thaiv cov neeg mines.

Nws tseem yuav tsis yog qhov exaggeration hais tias kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntev ntawm MLRS yog tus nqi ntau dua los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev lag luam, thiab kev cob qhia ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm siv sijhawm ntau dua.

Tau hloov kho dua tshiab, Uragan ntau lub foob pob hluav taws tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais cov phiaj xwm tshiab thiab lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog UAVs. Tam sim no, cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias suav nrog ntau thiab ntau lub tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav dav hlau, yog li qhov ua tau no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

Ib lo lus, cov tshuab no tseem muaj ntau qhov kev cia siab.