Obukhovskaya kuv: piav qhia, tso zis, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ntau tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los, cov lus dab neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab geologists, Obukhov, pom nyob ze ntawm Zverevo chaw nres tsheb ib qho kev tawm mus rau lub ntiaj teb nto ntawm ib tug haib thiab tshwj xeeb coal seam - k2. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1978, Obukhovskaya mine, tau lees paub tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe, tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw no.

Ntse

JSC Obukhovskaya Mine Administration nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Donbass, hauv cheeb tsam Rostov, tsis deb ntawm lub zos Zverevo. Lub cheeb tsam chaw - lub nroog ntawm Rostov-on-Don - nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm nws ntawm qhov deb ntawm 110 km.

Lub mine muaj nws tus kheej ua cov nroj tsuag, tsim kom muaj peev xwm ntawm 3 lab tons ntawm anthracite thee hauv ib xyoos nrog qhov tob tob ntawm 0.5 hli. Lub mine teb nyob rau hauv obukhovskaya cheeb tsam txuas mus rau 14 km thiab mus 7.5 km tob. Hauv cheeb tsam no muaj 2 qhov chaw ua haujlwm thee. Tam sim no tsuas yog qhov saum toj kawg nkaus tab tom tsim - k2.

Ntxiv rau qhov uas twb muaj lawm, txij li xyoo 1994, kev tsim kho ntawm lub mine tshiab - "Obukhovskaya 1" - pib. Tsimnws lub peev xwm yuav tsum muaj txog li 2 lab tons ntawm cov thee hauv ib xyoos. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 2000, lub mine tau mothballed. Kev ua haujlwm tau rov pib dua xyoo 2014. Xyoo 2017, thawj anthracite tau mined nyob ntawd.

Raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, "Obukhov" thee yog qhov zoo heev thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntshiab anthracite. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog: cov ntsiab lus tshauv - 4-5 feem pua; tsawg sulfur cov ntsiab lus - tsawg dua 1%. Coal reserves nyob rau hauv lub tsim txheej yog ntau tshaj 900 lab tons.

pib zaj dab neeg

Lub Obukhovskaya mine pib rov qab rau xyoo 1959, thaum lub plenum ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU tau tsim thiab tau txais ib txoj kev npaj rau kev loj hlob ntawm USSR kev lag luam rau kaum xyoo. Raws li cov kev ua ub no, kev loj hlob loj ntawm Zverevsky thiab Gukovsky thee cheeb tsam ntawm Eastern Donbass tau pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau txiav txim siab los tsim lub mine hu ua Obukhovskaya-Zapadnaya.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb loj ntawm cov thee zoo hauv cov chaw no tau txais thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Kwv yees li xyoo 1905, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Don Cossacks tau qhia tus neeg Askiv I. Strum ua kev tshawb nrhiav hauv cheeb tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim kom muaj peev xwm tsim cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tus pej xeem Askiv no, geologist Obukhov (tsis muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj tsis yog nws lub xeem tau khaws cia txog nws) tau tshawb nrhiav thaj chaw cog qoob loo. Nws yog nws tus uas nrhiav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb deposit ntawm high-zoo anthracite nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam uas Obukhovskaya tam sim no sawv.

kev tsim kho zoo

Qhov pib ntawm kev tsim kho lub mine tau muab los ntawm XXV Congress ntawm CPSU thaum Lub Ob HlisXyoo 1976. Nws tau xaiv nws ua qhov chaw tsim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev npaj tsib xyoos. Thiab Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Central ntawm Komsomol tshaj tawm tag nrho-Union kev tsim kho kev poob siab.

Rau kev tsim kho ntawm Obukhovskaya mine, ntau tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, feem ntau yog cov tub ntxhais hluas, tuaj txog ntawm txhua cheeb tsam ntawm USSR. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib cog lus ua haujlwm tau pib. Tam sim no nws yog lub nroog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam Zverevo.

Lub Obukhovskaya mine tau mus txog nws lub peev xwm tsim ntawm peb lab tons ntawm cov thee hauv xyoo 1984. Txog rau thaum nruab nrab-nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws mining lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Kev ruaj khov ntawm anthracite yog los ntawm ob lab tons hauv ib xyoos thiab ntau dua.

sijhawm nyuaj

Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union tsis hla Obukhovskaya kuv li. Los ntawm 1996, anthracite mining tau txo ob peb zaug. Ib hom kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 1999, thaum tsuas yog peb puas txhiab tons ntawm cov thee raug xa mus rau lub roob - qhov no yog 10 npaug tsawg dua li suav nrog nws lub peev xwm tsim.

Kev lag luam maj mam rov qab pib pib thaum ntxov 2000s. Tom qab ntawd lub mine hloov mus rau hauv lub tuam txhab qhib sib koom ua lag luam (OJSC) thiab dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm Lavxias Coal tuam txhab.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Obukhovskaya kuv tau hloov nws lub npe ob peb zaug thaum nws muaj. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1978 txog 1991, nws tau muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm 60th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lenin Komsomol. Txog xyoo 2002 - Obukhovskaya JSC. Los ntawm 2003 mus rau tam sim no OAO Obukhovskaya Mine Administration.

Ukrainian tswv

Txij xyoo 2012, lub mine tau tsiv mus rauCov cuab yeej ntawm Ukrainian qauv - Donetsk Roj thiab Zog Lub Tuam Txhab (DTEK). Nws tus tswv yog ib tug pej xeem ntawm Ukraine, ib tug ntawm cov richest neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no - Renat Akhmetov.

Ukrainians uas yuav lub Obukhovskaya mine los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Coal tuam txhab tau nyiam nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov thee nws ua tau raws li lub siab tshaj plaws European ib puag ncig qauv. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm "Obukhov" anthracite raug xa tawm.

Ua ke nrog cov mine, Akhmetov tau txais nyob rau hauv nws muaj Obukhovskaya mining thiab ua cov nroj tsuag, Donskoy Anthracite OJSC (Dalnyaya mine), thiab ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov shares ntawm Sulinanthracite LLC (kuv No. 410). Kev thauj mus los thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob cuam tshuam tau txuas nrog cov qauv no.

Raws li cov phiaj xwm tshaj tawm, Ukrainian DTEK tau npaj los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab nyob rau tsib xyoos tom ntej los nqis peev hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Lavxias Federation txog 250 lab US las. Nce qib ntawm anthracite ntau lawm rau ob lossis ntau lab tons hauv ib xyoos.

Cov miners ua haujlwm ntawm Obukhovskaya mine hauv thaj av Rostov, nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm tus tswv tshiab Ukrainian, tau sau tseg tias muaj kev hloov pauv rau qhov zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, cov nyiaj ua haujlwm tau them raws sijhawm. Qib ntawm kev qhuab qhia tau nce. Rau kev haus luam yeeb yam tsis tau tso cai, haus dej haus cawv, tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, kev rau txim tam sim tom qab, mus txog thiab suav nrog kev tshem tawm. Ua ntej muaj teeb meem nyiaj txiag ntawm 2014, nrog rau cov teeb meem nom tswv hauv Ukraine, txausntau yam khoom qub rau ntau niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv 2015, ob tug tshiab longwalls tau muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm lub Obukhovskaya mine. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine, thee ntau lawm tau poob dua los ntawm yuav luag 10%.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Qee lub sijhawm dhau los, cov chaw ywj pheej tau tshaj tawm tias Ukrainian billionaire thiab oligarch Akhmetov tab tom tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj peev xwm muag nws cov mines hauv cheeb tsam Rostov (Obukhovskaya thiab Dalnaya).

Lub tebchaws Ukrainian tau piav qhia nws lub hom phiaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tau npaj txhij txog ntsib tus nqi nce siab, nce nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv, kev nce nqi ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Lavxias Railways, nrog rau cov nqi tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev poob nyiaj ntau, uas DTEK tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab rau.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau sau tseg tias tsis ntev los no cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Obukhovskaya mine hauv cheeb tsam Rostov tau nce siab. Xyoo tas los, Akhmetov tau txais yuav luag ib nrab ntawm billion rubles ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuab tam. Yog li, cov khoom ntawm anthracite thee rau Ukraine thawj ib nrab ntawm 2017 tau nce los ntawm yuav luag 10 zaug. Hauv 2018, nws yuav tsum coj cov khoom xa tuaj mus rau 1.2 lab tons hauv ib xyoos, uas yog qhov ntim loj heev rau lub tebchaws.

txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm thov tau los ntawm Russia, Akhmetov tau ruaj ntseg nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov txiaj ntsig tau txais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm mines ntawm DTEK Obukhovskaya thiab Dalnaya yog siv los them rov qab thiab kev pabcuam nuj nqis. Lub luag haujlwm rau Sberbank ntawm Lavxias Federation. Lub tuam txhab Ukrainian tshuav yuav luag ib nrab ntawm billion rubles rau lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag no.