Ntoo tsis xws luag: hom, piav qhia thiab kho

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev suav nrog txawv teb chaws, qhov tsis zoo, cov ntoo tsis xws luag - tag nrho cov flaws no txo qis cov khoom zoo. Lawm, cov khoom siv raw yuav tsis raug siv rau kev tsim kho. Vim li no, yuav tsum paub tias qhov twg yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntoo, thiab qhov twg thiab yuav kho li cas.

piav qhia txog qhov tsis xws luag

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog txheeb xyuas qhov twg, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tau muab cais ua qhov tsis xws li ntoo. Cov no yog ntau yam kev tsis zoo uas tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom vim raug huab cua, kev ntxhov siab, kev muaj kab mob lom lossis lwm yam.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tsis zoo no tsis tas yuav kho, txhua yam nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj uas siv cov khoom siv. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv woodworking, xws li tsis xws luag ua phem rau qhov zoo thiab complex txheej txheem. Hauv kev kos duab ntoo, piv txwv li, qee qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm txhua, tab sis raws li kev xav zoo nkauj, lawv tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv.

Vim cov laj thawj no, leej twg npaj ua haujlwm nrog ntoo xav taupaub tias cov khoom puas tuaj yeem muaj, qhov twg yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab qhov tsis zoo. Yuav pib nrog, nws tsim nyog nkag siab txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntoo tsis xws luag:

• pob caus thiab tawg;
• deficiencies nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab qauv ntawm lub cev;
• biological thiab fungal flaws;
• txawv teb chaws suav nrog lossis tshuaj pleev xim;
• kev puas tsuaj, kev sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias cov khoom siv tsis zoo suav nrog tsis yog cov uas tau nyob hauv tsob ntoo nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov uas yuav tshwm sim thaum ua, kev thauj mus los, kev sib cais, thiab lwm yam.

Thawj hom qhov tsis zoo: pob qhov rooj

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws yog dab tsi. Knots yog ib feem ntawm cov ceg ntoo, los yog lawv cov hauv paus, nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim. Txog niaj hnub no, xya hom kev tsis txaus no tau paub. Hom ntoo tsis xws luag:

• thawj hom yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Lawv tuaj yeem yog plast, uas yog, tig mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm lossis kab teeb. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntug, uas yog, nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, lawv tuaj yeem ua tav lossis xaus. Yog hais tias tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm lub pob caus mus txog tag nrho cov kab noj hniav thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm ob kawg ib zaug, ces nws yog stitched.
• Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv, tau kawg, hauv lawv daim ntawv. Muaj puag ncig, oval lossis oblong.
• Qhov degree ntawm overgrowth kuj txawv. Yuav ua tau overgrown los yog qhib.
• Qib ntawm kev lees paub kuj txawv nyias. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho lossis ib nrab. Tseem muajpoob hom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub pob caus yog xyaum tsis txuas nrog ib puag ncig ntoo.
• Lawv tuaj yeem ua ib sab lossis dhau.
• Nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov ntoo, lub xeev ntawm cov pob caus kuj hloov.

Kev tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov ntoo rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo yog cov yeeb ncuab phem tshaj plaws. Qee zaum knots yog qhov nyuaj heev los txheeb xyuas. Piv txwv li, hom horn yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsob ntoo nws tus kheej noj qab haus huv, tab sis qee qhov chaw muaj ntau saturated nrog resin thiab tannins. Vim yog cov resin, lawv muaj xim tsaus nti, thiab muaj zog ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj qhuav cov khoom uas muaj qhov tsis zoo, ces cov pob caus yuav tsuas poob tawm thiab lub qhov yuav tsim.

Tej zaum yuav muaj cov pob txha xoob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib ncig ntawm lawv tsob ntoo tseem noj qab nyob zoo, tab sis tam sim no lawv tus kheej twb pib rot. Nyob rau theem no, lub pob caus tseem yuav nyuaj heev thiab khaws nws cov qauv, tab sis nws cov xim tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Ib hom xoob xoob txhais tau hais tias cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig muaj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis qee qhov chaw muaj tag nrho lossis tseem qee qhov poob nws cov qauv thiab twb mos dhau lawm. Hom kawg yog cov kab luam yeeb, uas tau ploj tag nrho nws qhov nyuaj thiab cov qauv, tau txais cov xim rusty-xim av uas zoo li luam yeeb thiab hloov mus ua hmoov yuav luag tam sim ntawd thaum kov.

Thib ob: crack

Ib qho tawg yog qhov tawg ntawm cov ntoo fibers raws lawv qhov chaw. Ib yam li knots, lawv tau muab faib ua ob peb hom. Lawv txawv ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, qhov tob, dav thiab hom.

Cov ntoo zoo li no tuaj yeem yog hom meth. Hom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ib qho los yog ntau qhov tawg hla hauv lub cev los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais hauv cov kev taw qhia radial, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov periphery. Feem ntau, xws li cov kab nrib pleb nce los ntawm lub pob tw. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv zoo li nthuav dav ntxiv thaum lawv qhuav.

Frost tawg yuav tshwm sim. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv kuj dhau nyob rau hauv lub radial kev taw qhia, tab sis twb los ntawm sapwood mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej. Muaj xws li ib tug tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv ntoo, uas yog hu ua shrinkage tawg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kab nrib pleb tau tshwm sim vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom ziab, uas yuav nce ntxiv, nkag mus tob rau hauv cov ntoo.

Nkauj ruam lub cev

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov flaws yog ntuj thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam sib txawv.

thawj qhov tsis xws ntawm ntoo ntawm hom no hu ua pob tw. Los ntawm qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug ntse thiab tsis sib npaug nce nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pob tw ntawm round sawn ntoo. Lwm downside yog lub sluggishness. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txo qis tsis sib xws thiab tsis yog raws li cov cai hauv qhov loj, tab sis theej hauv txoj kab uas hla. Feem ntau lees txais tias qhov ziab tawm ntawm tsob ntoo yog 1 cm ib 1 m ntawm ntoo. Yog tias tus nqi siab dhau, qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo siab yog qhov kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib tug ntse thickening ntawm ib tsob ntoo pob tw. Cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm xws li kev loj hlob tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntoo teej tug mus rau deciduous hom. Lawm,uas curvature kuj belongs rau qhov tsis xws ntawm ntoo ntawm hom no. Qhov no yog to taub raws li curvature ntawm lub axis ntawm lub lumber. Vim qhov tsis txaus no, cov khoom pov tseg tau nce ntau thaum ua tiav.

Longitudinal recesses nyob rau hauv lub pob tw ntawm lub pob tw yog hu ua swarms. Yog hais tias ib tug txiav yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib feem ntawm cov ntoo, nws yuav zoo li lub hnub qub, thiab kev npaj ntawm txhua xyoo rings yuav wavy. Feem ntau, cov ntoo tau los ntawm tsob ntoo zoo li no, yuav luag tag nrho mus pov tseg. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov khoom yuav warp ntau dhau, thiab lub zog yuav txo qis heev.

qauv ntoo

Ntau zaus nws tshwm sim tias qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis xws ntawm ntoo nyob hauv nws cov qauv. Ntxiv thiab, muaj ob peb ntawm lawv.

Kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntoo fibers yuav tshwm sim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qee cov fibers tsis khiav mus rau tib lub sijhawm ntev ntawm lub cev. Xws li txoj kab nqes tuaj yeem yog hom radial lossis tangential, nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov tsis zoo no ua rau nyuaj rau kev sib cais, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov muaj ntau hauv cov ntoo tawv thiab yog qhov tseeb tias qhov dav ntawm txhua xyoo txheej ntawm tsob ntoo nce ntau thiab hauv zos. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem no ua rau lub fact tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau qhuav lub lumber kom huv si, thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.

Nws kuj tshwm sim tias cov fibers tau teem rau hauv lub helical arc nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no yog hu ua slant. Ntawm no nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiabdag, yog hais tias tus txiav yog tsis zoo qhuav. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug tsis xws luag thiab ib tug tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, nws yog warped, uas zoo heev complicates processing thiab tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txiav ntoo yog qhov nyuaj dua.

Qee lub sij hawm muaj xws li ib lub hnab tar. Pom nyob rau hauv coniferous ntoo. Qhov no yog lub npe muab rau kev tsim cov kab noj hniav me me ntawm cov fibers ntawm cov khoom, uas tau ntim nrog cov resin. Vim lawv qhov tshwm sim, lub zog deteriorates thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.

Kev tsis zoo los ntawm kab tsuag thiab ntoo tsis xws luag: piav qhia ntawm fungi

Ntau tus neeg paub tias thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, cov kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv nws cov qauv. Lawm, qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias cov fungus yog daim ntawv qis tshaj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias los ntawm nws tus kheej nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom noj rau nws lub neej ua haujlwm. Nws tau txais lawv los ntawm kev nqus lawv tawm ntawm tsob ntoo. Tam sim no, txhua hom fungi tau muab faib ua ob hom: ntoo-staining thiab ntoo-tua.

Yog tias peb tham txog thawj pab pawg, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem suav cov kab tsuag uas ua rau cov kab mob plawv lossis cov kab mob fungal stains. Qhov thib ob hom fungus yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj, vim rot yog tshwm sim los ntawm lawv cov nyhuv ntawm ntoo. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias qee qhov kev tsis txaus yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau lub lumber ntawm ob hom fungus ib zaug. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog qhov kub ntawm 15-20 degrees Celsius thiab 30 mus rau 60% av noo. Thaum raug kub ntawm 60 degrees, fungituag.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo xim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias qhov teeb meem no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsos ntawm lub workpiece yog deteriorating heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov kab mob zoo li no ntawm cov ntoo ib txwm ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv varnishing ntawm ntoo. Ntawd yog, thaum koj sim pleev xim los yog kua roj vanish cov khoom, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav vau thaum sib cuag nrog fungi. Txhua leej txhua tus paub zoo txog pwm thiab rot. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm no tias thaum muaj qhov tsis zoo, tsob ntoo feem ntau dhau los ua tsis yooj yim.

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Nws tsim nyog hais tias qhov tseeb tsim cov pob caus tsis txaus ntshai li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Me me intergrown knots yuav tsis ua teeb meem txhua. Loj thiab tsis zoo tuav, feem ntau yuav, lawv tsuas yog poob thaum lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, yuav muaj lub qhov, muaj peev xwm dhau los, uas yuav tsum tau kho.

Kev foob qhov tsis xws hauv cov ntoo hauv qhov no yog qhov yooj yim heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los laum ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub workpiece, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub knot poob tawm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua rau nws ob peb millimeters loj. Los ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm nrog tib lub thickness thiab cov qauv, ib tug "plug" ntawm ib tug haum loj yog txiav tawm, muab tso rau hauv lub qhov thiab glued nrog ntoo kua nplaum. Nws tsuas yog tseem ntxiv rau ntawm no tias tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam zoo li kab dub nyob ib ncig ntawm qee qhov pob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntoo raug cuam tshuam los ntawm rot, uas yuav txuas ntxiv mus. Cov khoom zoo li no zoo duasiv tag nrho.

Cracks yog ntoo tsis xws luag. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm lawv. Yog li, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem. Yog tias qhov tawg me me, nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog chipped lossis puttied. Yog tias qhov tawg yog qhov loj txaus, tam sim no lub sealant tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua kua nplaum ua haujlwm. Lawm, qhov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim sealant. Thawj qhov nws txawv heev yog nws lub zog compressive. Vim li no, thaum ntoo yog deformed nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm kub, cov khoom yog tsis squeezed tawm ntawm lub tawg.

Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntoo tsis xws luag, xws li wormholes thiab pitch, kuj muaj tiag. Raws li thawj qhov teeb meem, cov no yog cov txav uas cov kab tho ntoo ua rau hauv cov array. Kev kuaj xyuas lawv cov haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim txaus, vim qhov me me yuav pom ntawm qhov chaw.

Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias qhov kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua rau me me thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav heev, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm cov khoom zoo li no. Tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam kev puas tsuaj. Yog hais tias xws li qhov no pom nyob rau hauv lumber blanks, ces nws yog zoo dua tsis mus yuav lawv kiag li. Yog hais tias lawv pom nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa, piv txwv li, ntawm ib lub tsev ntoo, ces koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd hu rau ib tug tshwj xeeb uas yuav kho lub tsev nrog zoo antiseptics. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm nrog qhov no, vim tias cov kab no nce nrawm heev.

Pitching feem ntautshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov ntoo tau raug puas los ntawm cov cuab yeej. Qhov no zoo heev txo nws lub zog thiab degrades kev ua tau zoo. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus no yog tias nws tshwm sim. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum ua cov ntoo kom tsis txhob tshwm sim txhua. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.

Txoj kev paub tseeb los tiv thaiv ntoo ntawm cov kab no yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias nws yuav tsum tau pib them nyiaj nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv txawm tias ua ntej kev thauj mus los rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, tsuas yog ob peb teev, qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem tig xiav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug fungus tau tshwm sim. Nws yuav tsis txo qhov ntsuas lub zog, tab sis nws yuav ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo heev.

Qhov tsis xws luag no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj chlorine tshwj xeeb uas muaj tshuaj dawb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntoo thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, tshwj xeeb "kev thauj mus los" tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv. Lawv siv tau 2 mus rau 8 lub hlis thiab pheej yig heev.

Cov qauv kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev yuav tsum tau siv tom qab cov khoom xa tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw lossis lub tsev twb tau tsim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov blanks yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom zoo thiab qhuav ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav. Lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias cov subfloor lossis cov cav ntoo, uas feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov dej noo, xav tau kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob fungal. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau siv ib qho nyuaj-rau-ntxuav tshuaj tua kab mob.

Qhov kev poob qis yuav yog cov qauv ntawm cov ntoo yuav tau txais cov xim ntsuab, tab sis tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, ces cov laug cam yuav tsuas rot thiab yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov no. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tias nws tsim nyog ua tsis tau tsuas yog lub facade ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua tib yam kev tiv thaiv hauv lub tsev, txwv tsis pub txhua txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv sab nraud yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

Mechanical defects thiab txawv teb chaws suav nrog

Nws kuj tshwm sim tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ziab ntawm ntoo. Qhov no yog hu ua warping. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum txiav, ziab, txiav lossis khaws cia, cov duab qub ntawm lub workpiece tau hloov pauv zoo heev. Vim li no, kev ua cov ntoo yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias nws cov duab feem ntau dhau los ua nkhaus. Feem ntau, txhua yam kev puas tsuaj yog cov kev tsis zoo uas twb tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg kev cuam tshuam nrog ntoo blanks.

Qhov no suav nrog qhov tsis xws luag uas tshwm sim thaum txiav. Kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo, lub tshuab txiav tuaj yeem txiav lub workpiece nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsis tsim nyog, thiab lwm yam. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li tsis xws luag yuav nyuaj heev rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub cutter, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ua nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntau yam khoom rau cov nyiaj. Lawm, qhov no ua rau kom cov khoom pov tseg thiab txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev ua tsis zoo hauv kev ua ntoo feem ntau ua rau qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tsis kam siv nws.

Raws li kev suav nrog txawv teb chaws, tom qab ntawd hauv qabqhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj pob zeb, xuab zeb, iav, rau tes thiab lwm yam hauv cov qauv. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov ncaj ncees los hais ntawm no tias nrog kev zam ntawm cov rau tes, txhua yam yog qhov tsawg heev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li inclusions entails tsis tsuas yog cov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem ua, tab sis kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm spoiling lub cuab tam thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj kev sib koom ua ke xws li cov rau tes ua rau muaj xim tsis zoo nyob ib puag ncig lawv qhov chaw. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau cov cheeb tsam no tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txiav tawm.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau yam tsis xws luag hauv kev ua ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim heev, thiab cov tsos ntawm qee qhov tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau yooj yim. Vim li no, cov khoom siv no tseem siv tau thiab siv dav.