Roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi?
Roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi?

Video: Roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi?

Video: Roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi?
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Synthetic los yog tej yam ntuj tso khoom nrog elasticity zog, hluav taws xob insulating yam ntxwv thiab dej kuj hu ua roj hmab. Vulcanization ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog qee yam tshuaj lom neeg lossis nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob ua rau tsim cov roj hmab.

roj hmab vulcanization khoom
roj hmab vulcanization khoom

roj hmab tuaj txog li cas?

Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov roj hmab hauv cov teb chaws ntawm cov roj hmab Europe pib thaum Columbus xyoo 1493 coj cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj tawm los ntawm lub teb chaws tshiab. Ntawm lawv yog ib qho amazingly bouncy pob, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg hauv zos los ntawm cov kua mis nyuj ntawm tsob ntoo hevea. Cov neeg Khab hu ua kua txiv no "kauchu" (los ntawm "kau" - tsob ntoo, "chu" - kua muag, quaj) thiab siv nws hauv kev ua koob tsheej. Lub npe daig ntawm lub tsev hais plaub huab tais Spanish. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Tebchaws Europe, muaj cov khoom siv txawv txawv tsis nco qab txog thaum xyoo pua 18th.

Kev txaus siab rau roj hmab tau tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab Fabkis tus navigator Ch. Condamine hauv 1738 tau nthuav tawm rau cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Paris Academysciences ib yam khoom elastic, cov qauv ntawm cov khoom los ntawm nws, nws cov lus piav qhia thiab cov txheej txheem extraction. Sh. Condamine coj cov khoom no los ntawm kev ntoj ke mus rau South America. Nyob ntawd, cov neeg hauv zos tau ua ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm cov ntoo tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom no hu ua "rubber", los ntawm lat. resina - "cov ntaub ntawv". Txij thaum ntawd los, kev tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev siv cov tshuaj no pib.

roj hmab vulcanization txheej txheem
roj hmab vulcanization txheej txheem

roj hmab yog dab tsi?

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm lub npe resina thiab lub tswv yim raws li peb pom cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Tom qab tag nrho, tsob ntoo resin tsuas yog cov khoom siv roj hmab xwb.

Vulcanization ntawm roj hmab ua rau nws ua tau kom nws zoo dua qub, ua kom nws elastic, muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Nws yog cov txheej txheem no uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais ntau yam roj hmab rau kev siv tshuab, thev naus laus zis thiab hauv tsev.

Tus nqi roj hmab

Hnub no, roj hmab tau txais kev siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov roj hmab. Kev lag luam niaj hnub tsim ntau hom tsheb, aviation, tsheb kauj vab log tsheb. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm ntau yam ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau detachable ntsiab nyob rau hauv hydraulic, pneumatic thiab nqus tsev vacuum.

Cov khoom tau txais nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm vulcanization ntawm roj hmab nrog leej faj thiab lwm yam tshuaj yog siv rau hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov kev kho mob thiab kuaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam roj hmab yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv conveyor siv hauv cov khoom hnyav, tiv thaiv corrosion txheej rau boilers thiab kav dej,ntau hom kua nplaum thiab nyias-walled high-strength cov khoom me me. Lub synthesis ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qee hom roj foob pob hluav taws, uas cov khoom siv no ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm roj.

roj hmab vulcanization yog dab tsi thiab nws ua li cas?

Cov txheej txheem vulcanization suav nrog kev sib xyaw roj hmab, sulfur thiab lwm yam tshuaj hauv qhov xav tau. Lawv raug kho kom sov. Thaum cov roj hmab tau rhuab nrog tus neeg sawv cev sulfur, cov molecules ntawm cov khoom no yog sib koom ua ke los ntawm sulfur bonds. Ib txhia ntawm lawv pab pawg tsim ib daim phiaj peb-dimensional spatial.

Rubber muaj ntau ntawm polyisoprene hydrocarbon (C5H8)n, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, qee cov hlau ntsev thiab lwm yam impurities.

roj hmab vulcanization
roj hmab vulcanization

Nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj, txog li 40 txhiab units tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nws tsis yaj hauv dej, tab sis nws tau tawg zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov roj hmab muaj peev xwm yuav luag tag nrho hauv cov roj av, ces cov roj hmab hauv nws tsuas yog o.

Vulcanization ntawm cov khoom no pab txo cov khoom yas ntawm cov roj hmab, optimizes qib ntawm nws o thiab solubility nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog organic solvents.

Cov txheej txheem roj hmab vulcanization muab cov khoom tsim nrog cov khoom ruaj khov dua. Roj hmab ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej no muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov elasticity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntxiv sulfur ntxivua rau cov tsos ntawm hardness ntawm cov khoom thiab poob ntawm elastic peev xwm. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib yam khoom sib txawv kiag li, uas yog hu ua ebonite. Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov yas niaj hnub no, ebonite tau suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv insulating zoo tshaj plaws.

vulcanization ntawm roj hmab nrog sulfur
vulcanization ntawm roj hmab nrog sulfur

lwm txoj kev

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb, raws li koj paub, tsis nyob twj ywm. Niaj hnub no, lwm cov vulcanizing agents paub, tab sis leej faj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau ua kom lub vulcanization ntawm roj hmab, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole thiab qee qhov ntawm nws cov derivatives yog siv. Lwm cov tswv yim muaj xws li ionizing hluav taws xob siv qee cov organic peroxides.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm vulcanization, sib tov ntawm roj hmab thiab ntau yam additives yog siv raws li feedstock, muab cov roj hmab cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau los yog txhim kho nws zoo. Ntxiv cov fillers xws li carbon dub thiab chalk pab txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim.

Raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv roj hmab vulcanization tau txais lub zog siab thiab zoo elasticity. Tias yog vim li cas ntau hom roj hmab hluavtaws thiab hluavtaws siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov roj hmab.

roj hmab vulcanization
roj hmab vulcanization

Kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntxiv

Ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv roj hmab hluavtaws, cov roj hmab ntau lawm tsis yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub thev naus laus zis tsis tau hloov pauv lub peev xwm ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj. Txog hnub no, qhov sib koomkev noj cov roj hmab ntuj rau kev lag luam yog li 30%.

Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj ua rau roj hmab hloov tsis tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab loj, piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Cov tuam txhab lag luam nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb siv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws roj hmab hauv lawv cov thev naus laus zis. Tias yog vim li cas feem pua ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tau poob rau ntawm lub log tsheb ntawm kev lag luam.

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