Ethyl cawv rectified. Ethyl cawv - daim ntawv thov. Ethyl cawv ntau lawm

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Nws tsis yog ib qho zais cia uas tau kho ethyl cawv yog siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom vodka. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam no. Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab.

Khoom piav qhia

Rectified ethyl cawv yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw txawv teb chaws thiab saj. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom no ntawm 20 ° C yog 0.78927 g / cm3. Ethanol, lossis ethyl cawv, tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1855 los ntawm ethylene. Cov khoom no yog cov kua ua kua. Thaum nws hlawv, nws tsim dej thiab carbon dioxide. Cawv vapors muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev cai ntawm nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog 1 mg / dm³. Nws qhov chaw khov yog -117 ° C, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yog +78.2 ° C.

Ethyl cawv formula

Qhov no tseem ceeb kom paub. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm ethyl cawv yog C₂-H₅-OH. Nws qhia txog cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1807. Tab sis tsuas yog tom qab kuv ua tiavlos ua ke ethyl cawv, cov mis tau muab los ntawm cov qauv. Nws sau raws li nram no: CH₃CH_2OH.

Ethanol yog ib qho dej cawv saturated thiab, vim nws tsuas muaj ib pawg OH xwb, nws yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm monohydric. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib pawg hydroxyl txiav txim siab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no.

Thaum khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv tsis kaw, ethanol evaporates thiab noo noo absorbed los ntawm huab cua. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ethanol yog ib tug hygroscopic tshuaj. Vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tau teev tseg muaj cov qauv ze rau dej, nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog nws hauv txhua qhov sib piv.

Rectified ethyl cawv tau txais nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acidic me ntsis. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Nws muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov organic acids. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj dawb huv ethyl cawv yog nruab nrab. Qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov.

Yuav tsum tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo

Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab haus cawv yog kom tau txais cov cawv zoo tshaj plaws. Lub xeev cov qauv thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tau tsim cov kev cai siab rau qhov no, uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab organoleptic ntsuas. Ethyl cawv yog tau los ntawm ntau yam raw khoom.

Kev tsim cov tshuaj no los ntawm cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb yog cov khoom siv biotechnical uas sivmicroorganisms hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv fermentable qab zib thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv cov khoom tiav - ethanol. Tag nrho cov theem los ntawm kev txais grain mus rau rectification muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm chemical thiab mechanical txheej txheem. Txhua tus ntawm lawv cuam tshuam cov khoom organoleptic ntawm ethyl cawv. Qhov no yuav tham tom qab.

Yam cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv organoleptic

Hauv qhov no nws yog:

• Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom (piping, evaporation chamber, heat exchangers, hloov tank).
• Cov khoom siv zoo (hom nplej, khaws cia, mob, tsis hnov tsw, thiab lwm yam).
• Siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev npaj cov khoom siv raw (mechanical-enzymatic, tsoos tsho).
• txheej txheem txheej txheem (kev sib tsoo, hauv Tshuag, hauv kev tsim khoom).
• Yeast hom siv.
• Ncua ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation (ntev sijhawm, nce hauv acidity).
• Siv cov khoom pab (cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob).

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Qhov xwm txheej nrog nws yog qhov nyuaj, vim tias tsis muaj lub xeev cov khoom siv nplej. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog xa mus rau cov lag luam raws li kev cog lus. Lawv tau sib tham nrog ntau tus neeg muag khoom ntawm tus nqi sib tham.

Hnub no, tsis muaj lub xeev tus qauv lossis lwm yam kev tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev uas yuav qhia meej meej txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov nplej siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm lawv suav nrog"Txoj cai ntawm kev tsim cov cawv los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas muaj cov khoom siv raw". Ntawm lawv yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom impurities (noob, nroj tsuag, thiab lwm yam), kab mob nrog kab tsuag ntawm cereals, nrog rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag.

Kev siv cawv hauv kev tsim cov dej cawv yuav tsum muaj cov khoom lag luam zoo. Cov khoom organoleptic ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau txais los ntawm nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov nplej siv. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog nws cov ntxhiab tsw. Vim lub capillary-porous qauv ntawm cov nplej thiab cov porosity ntawm cov khoom sib thooj, nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau (nqus) ntau yam gases thiab vapors los ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov khoom siv raw uas muaj kab mob barn kab kuj tseem muaj lawv cov khoom lag luam metabolic. Yog hais tias mites muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplej, ces nws cov xim thiab saj deteriorate, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb tsis kaj siab tsw yog tsim. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub plhaub ntawm cov khoom siv raw no tsim cov kev mob zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev sib sau ntawm mycotoxins. Nws muaj peev xwm siv xws li nplej rau kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj pes tsawg tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm organoleptic ntawm cawv.

Rau qhov tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom no, cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo feem ntau yog siv, suav nrog cov tsis tau siav thiab tsis tu ncua, puas los ntawm ziab, raug rau nws tus kheej cua sov, cuam tshuam los ntawm ergot thiab smut, nrog rau fusarium. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Thaum ua cov qoob loo tshiab uas tsis muaj kev laus rau ripening, kev ua txhaum ntawm kev siv tshuab tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv brewing thiab, vim li ntawd,Kev txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam tsev muaj feem cuam tshuam.

Cov xim ntawm cov khoom nyoos no puas los ntawm kev ziab tuaj yeem hloov ntawm lub teeb xim av mus rau xim dub. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub. Cov nplej ntawm cov xim dub yog hu ua cov nroj tsuag impurity. Vim li no, nws tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog kev noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus nqi tso cai ntawm burnt nplej yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 10%. Kev siv cawv rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo vodka ntau dhau ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tsis lees txais.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos uas muaj kab mob ergot thiab smut ua tshuaj lom, vim lawv muaj ntau yam alkaloids (argonine, ergotamine, cortunine, thiab lwm yam). Kev puas tsuaj impurities yog qhov tsis xav tau, vim lawv cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm organoleptic ntawm cawv thiab muab nws lub siab, iab thiab pungent. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv raw no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov nplej zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, nws cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 8-10%.

Cov nplej uas siv rau kev tsim cov cawv muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab (65 - 68% ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav), nrog rau cov protein, rog, tsis muaj suab thaj, ntxhia cov ntsiab lus, polysaccharides, dextrin. Tag nrho cov npe sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg biochemical.

Lwm yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom tiav yog m alt thiab enzyme npaj ntawm cov kab mob kab mob (cov ntaub ntawv saccharifying). Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj muaj kab mob tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws kuj tshwm sim tias lawv tuaj nrog tsis txauskev ua haujlwm enzymatic. Hauv qhov no, txheej txheem fermentation kis tau tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov khoom pov tseg tsis xav tau ntawm cov poov xab tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, oxidizability ntawm cawv yog txo. Vim li no, nws tsis hnov tsw thiab saj deteriorate.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv uas tshwm sim ncaj qha nyob ntawm ntau hom poov xab siv. Lawv qhov kev xaiv raug, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tsis muaj ntawm lawv cov fermentation, tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov khoom teev tseg, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm cov impurities tseem ceeb.

Kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov cawv yog dej. Nws purity (tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob tam sim no, nrog rau ntau yam tshuaj yaj hauv nws) txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv dej los ntawm artesian springs.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab ntxuav, ntau yam tshuaj lom impurities tseem nyob hauv cov khoom teev. Cov esters siab dua, qee zaum tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsim, tuaj yeem muab me ntsis, tsis tshua pom muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis lub xub ntiag ntawm diethyl ether ua rau cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov iab thiab tsw ntxhiab tsw.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no thiab nws cov yam ntxwv organoleptic kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam atypical impurities, microbial thiab lwm yam co toxins, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam.

Technology tsim cawv

Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov khoom no. Rectified ethyl cawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: tshuaj, hluavtaws thiab biochemical(enzymatic). Lawv xaiv nyob ntawm tus kheej mus kom ze.

• Nyob rau hauv txoj kev enzymatic ntawm tau cawv, qab zib yog fermented. Qhov no yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov poov xab thiab enzymes.
• Txoj kev siv tshuaj ntawm kev haus cawv yog siv los tsim cov cawv cawv los ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas muaj fiber ntau (straw, sawdust, thiab lwm yam). Nws kuj yog tsim los ntawm sulfite cawv (khoom los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntawv tsim).
• Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws ntawm kev tau txais kev haus cawv yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej rau ethylene nyob rau hauv muaj cov catalyst. Nov yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo.

Ethyl rectified zaub mov cawv yog tau los ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas tsim nyog. Qhov no tsuas yog siv rau nplej, molasses thiab qos yaj ywm. Rectified technical ethyl cawv yog tau los ntawm tib raw khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav muaj ntau yam impurities uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev lag luam zaub mov.

Kev tsim cov ethyl cawv yog ua tiav hauv 3 theem

• Npaj. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv purification ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm impurities thiab kev npaj ntawm m alt.
• Basic. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov khoom siv hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog boiled thiab saccharified, fermented, distilled thiab cheese cawv yog tau.
• Final - rectification. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho rov ua kom rov qab ua kom huv si ethyl cawv los ntawm ntau yamimpurities.

Ib yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub nyoos siv rau kev tsim cov khoom no yog qos yaj ywm. Rau qhov no, nws cov ntau yam yog siv, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab tseem ruaj khov thaum khaws cia. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom.

Koj yuav tsum paub tias cov nplej tsis yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov m alt, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov enzymes uas zom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv fermenting qab zib. Nws nyob ntawm tus kheej lub siab nyiam. Qee lub tsev lag luam siv cov tshuaj microbial enzymatic es tsis txhob m alt. Lawv tau txais los ntawm fungi. Kev npaj enzyme tuaj yeem ua tiav kev hloov pauv rau m alt lossis siv ua ke nrog nws hauv ntau qhov sib npaug.

Cov khoom ntawm cawv txiav txim siab cov tshuab tsim khoom. Raw muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm impurities uas txawv nyob rau hauv boiling point. Lawv yog cov byproducts ntawm fermentation. Lawv qhov seem seem thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv cawv thiab cov dej cawv uas tsim tawm. Nov yog qhov tseeb tiag.

khoom siv yuav tsum

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov cawv nyoos, kev siv ntau kab yog siv. Lawv daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Txhua kem ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no ua ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib cais cov sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cawv thiab lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm ntau yam impurities. Nws muajtseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Lawv tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov cawv cawv. Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub tswv yim tshiab patented thev naus laus zis rau kev ua kom huv thiab tsim cov khoom siv raw, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm organoleptic ntawm cov khoom no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm bragorectification nce 15%. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom kawg mus txog 98.5%. Txog rau hnub tim, hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj no, cov nroj tsuag distillation txuas ntxiv tau siv, uas tuaj yeem muaj txog tsib kab. Lawv txawv thiab, raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, muab faib ua:

• Tag. Lawv siv rau boil mash thiab cawv.
• Txhob Cia Siab. Siv los cais ethyl cawv.
• Fracking. Lawv yog siv los ntxuav cov cawv nyoos. Rectified cawv yog tsim tawm ntawm no
• fusel. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Lawv mloog zoo thiab tso cov roj fusel
• zaum kawg tu kab. Lawv raug siv kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

ntxuav tob

Rectification yog ib yam ntawm ntau theem distillation. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv txhua kab nrog kev pab los ntawm chav thiab multi-cap daim hlau. Cov nroj tsuag no tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov khoom tsis haum thiab cov roj fusel, uas yog sib xyaw ntawm cov cawv ntau dua. Raws li cov txheej txheem rectification, cov impurities nosubdivided rau hauv:

• Taws. Nws yog kev cai xa mus rau lawv cov ntsiab lus uas nws qhov kub hnyiab yog siab dua li ntawm ethyl cawv. Cov no yog cov roj fusel, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv. Piv txwv li, furfural, acetals, thiab lwm yam.
• Head. Cov no suav nrog cov impurities uas boil ntawm qhov kub qis dua ethyl cawv. Hauv qhov no, cov no yog esters thiab aldehydes.
• Nruab nrab impurities thiab saturated alcohols. Lawv yog cov nyuaj tshaj plaws los cais pawg ntawm cov tebchaw. Nyob ntawm ntau yam distillation, lawv tuaj yeem ua tus Tsov tus tw lossis lub taub hau.

Ntau yam

Nyob ntawm qhov kev ua kom huv huv, cov khoom lag luam tau muab faib ua:

• 1 qib. Qhov no ethyl cawv pom muaj daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog siv rau kev tsim cov dej cawv.
• Luxury.
• "Ntxiv".
• Basis.
• Alpha.

Rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam vodka uas yuav ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub hauv qhov zoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cawv tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau teev tseg hauv GOST R 51652-2000.

Ethyl cawv - daim ntawv thov

Hais txog qhov no, txhua yam yooj yim thiab meej. Kev siv cawv muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau lawv tau siv rau kev kho mob, tsim cov dej cawv, nrog rau kev lag luam.

Production Features

Ntau hom tshuaj no tau txais los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. TABSISyog:

• Alpha cawv yog tsim los ntawm cov nplej lossis rye. Los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug sib tov ntawm lawv yog siv.
• Cawv "Lux" thiab "Ntxiv" yog tau los ntawm ntau hom qoob loo, nrog rau los ntawm lawv cov sib tov lossis qos yaj ywm. Nws nyob ntawm tus neeg xaiv cov khoom siv raw. Cawv "Ntxiv" tsuas yog tau los ntawm cov nplej noj qab haus huv. Nws yog npaj rau zus tau tej cov vodka, uas yog exported.
• qib 1 cawv yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab nplej los yog nyias nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qab zib beet thiab molasses yuav siv tau. Kev siv cawv hauv kev lag luam ua rau muaj kev tsim cov cawv no.

Kev xam ntawm cov khoom teev tseg yog ua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov ntim thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom hauv mernik. Ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (lub ntsuas dej cawv) txiav txim siab qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom muab. Nws sib raug rau ib lub fortress. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov rooj tshwj xeeb, raws li kev nyeem ntawv thiab qhov kub thiab txias, lub zog yog txiav txim siab hauv% (kev hloov pauv ntawm ethyl cawv). Cov sib npaug sib npaug kuj tau teeb tsa ntawm no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia. Los ntawm kev muab qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom teev tseg los ntawm nws, tus nqi ntawm cov cawv anhydrous uas nws muaj yog xam.

GOST muaj rau 6 yam kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Kev tsim cov kev txwv qhov tseem ceeb rau cov concentrations ntawm cov tshuaj lom yog teem tawm hauv SanPiN. Lub xub ntiag ntawm furfural tsis raug tso cai txhua. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cawv yog unlimited. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua.

Marking, ntim thiab cia

Cov khoom lag luam tau teev tseg yog ntim rau hauv lub tank tshwj xeeb, cov kaus poom, cov thoob, lub raj mis lossis lub tank. Lawv yuav tsum tau hermetically kaw nrog hau los yog stoppers. Lub thawv ntim tau kaw los yog kaw. Lub raj mis tau ntim rau hauv cov pob tawb tshwj xeeb lossis lub thawv. Hauv qhov no, kev siv cov thawv galvanized steel yog txwv.

Ethyl cawv haus 95% yog ntim rau hauv iav fwj ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, uas tau muab ntim nrog lub cork lossis polyethylene stopper. Ib lub hau txhuas yog muab tso rau saum, uas cov chaw tsim khoom siv lub thwj. Nws kuj qhia qhov ntim feem ntawm cawv.

Daim ntawv lo yog txuas ncaj qha rau lub raj mis, uas muaj cov npe ntawm cov khoom, lub npe thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov cim lag luam, lub teb chaws ntawm cov khoom, lub zog, ntim thiab hnub tim ntawm lub raj mis. Nco ntsoov suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev lees paub. Tsis tas li ntawm daim ntawv lo no yog siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev paub lossis kev tswj hwm, raws li cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas.

Tom qab ntawd cov fwj muab tso rau hauv lub thawv ntoo. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau siv rau lawv nrog cov xim tsis tuaj yeem: lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, lub npe ntawm cov cawv, lub npe ntawm tus qauv. Nws kuj qhia qhov hnyav tag nrho, tus naj npawb ntawm lub raj mis thiab lawv lub peev xwm. Tseem yuav tsum muaj cov cim “Ceev faj! iav!", "Flammable", "Top".

Ethyl cawvrectified, ntim rau hauv tank thiab reservoir, khaws cia sab nraum cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab. Cov khoom no nyob rau hauv tej thoob, canisters thiab fwj yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cia chaw. Ethyl cawv yog cov kua ua kua ua kua. Raws li qhov degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ib tug neeg, nws belongs rau qib 4th. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm nws cia. Nyob rau hauv cov dej cawv cia, lub raj mis thiab canisters yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug kab, tab sis tej thoob - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab dav ntawm pawg. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tawg, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv, tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Lub sij hawm cia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog unlimited.

Result

Tom qab nyeem cov lus saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub meej txog yuav ua li cas ethyl cawv raug tsim, tus nqi ntawm qhov, nyob ntawm seb hom khoom thiab qhov ntim ntawm lub thawv uas nws nyob, thaj tsam ntawm 11 txog 1500. rubles.