Qe cia kub: nta, cov xwm txheej thiab cov lus pom zoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tus txiv neej tau siv qe rau zaub mov ntev heev. Thawj zaug cov khoom no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Is Nrias teb. Noj qe hauv lub tebchaws no pib thaum ntxov li 2.5 txhiab xyoo BC. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, cov neeg Loos pib noj lawv, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg nyob hauv lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine, qe tau ntev tau siv tshwj xeeb raws li ib tug nyias phaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau npaj tsuas yog rau qee hnub. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, qe pib ntxiv rau cov tais diav tsis ntxov tshaj li xyoo 19th. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom no, ntawm chav kawm, nrov heev nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom qab tag nrho, qe muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem qhia lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias lawv khaws cia kom raug. Cov qe stale yuav tsum tsis txhob noj, tau kawg. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav heev.

Kub

Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov ntsuas kub zoo rau cov qe yog -2 - +20 ° C. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, cov khoom no yuav nyob twj ywm tshiab rau qee lub sijhawm ua ntej noj mov. Tau kawg, zoo li lwm yam khoom noj, lub txee lub neej ntawm qencaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov qis dua, ntev dua koj tsis tuaj yeem noj cov khoom lag luam yuav khoom ntawm ntau yam no.

Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GOST 31654-2012, lub rooj qe tuaj yeem khaws cia:

• ntawm qhov kub ntawm -2 txog 0 ° C tsis tshaj 90 hnub;
• ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +20 ° C - siab tshaj 25 hnub.

Ntev npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tub yees

Yuav luag txhua tus niam tsev muaj qe hauv Tshuag. Thiab cia lawv, ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tub yees. Ntawd yog, feem ntau, qhov ntsuas kub rau khaws cov qe hauv tsev yog + 2-4 ° C. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov khoom no muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws cov freshness rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Nws ntseeg tau tias koj tuaj yeem khaws cov qe hauv lub tub yees ntev txog ib hlis. Feem ntau, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lawv tsis ploj txawm tias nyob rau hauv 2-3 lub hlis.

Cuaj qe khaws cia hauv chav sov

Qee zaum nws tsis tuaj yeem tso cov qe uas yuav los yog khaws rau hauv lub tsev hen hauv lub tub yees. Tom qab tag nrho, xws li cov cuab yeej, piv txwv li, yuav ua tsis tau lossis puv nrog lwm cov khoom.

Qe, xws li mis nyuj lossis nqaij, tsis yog cov khoom noj uas ploj mus. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsis muaj lub tub yees, lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm thiab, piv txwv li, hauv chav ua noj txee ntawm chav tsev kub. Cia cov qe nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, raws li cov cai, yog ua tau rau 25 hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, huab cua hauv chav, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tsis txhob sov siab tshaj 20 ° C.

YogYog li, lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm seb nws puas tuaj yeem khaws cov qe tsis nyob hauv lub tub yees, cov kws tshaj lij muab cov lus teb zoo. Tab sis tseem, huab cua kub hauv chav thaum siv txoj kev no yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj +25 ° C. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no, cov khoom no tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm tshiab rau ob peb lub lis piam. Cov cua sov hauv chav tuaj yeem ua rau qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm incubation. Piv txwv li, embryos nyob rau hauv cov qe fertilized twb nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm +36 ° C.

tseem ceeb

Cov hnub saum toj no, tau kawg, tsuas yog siv tau rau cov qe uas nyuam qhuav sau. Ib lub khw muag khoom hauv tsev, tau kawg, yuav khaws cia tsawg dua. Tseeb, los ntawm lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov qe mus rau lub sijhawm thaum lawv ntaus lub txee, ntau lub sijhawm tuaj yeem dhau mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub khw muag khoom lawv tus kheej, cov khoom no feem ntau dag rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, qe yog, tau kawg, zoo tshaj plaws kom deb ntawm txhua yam khoom siv cua sov. Rau cov khoom no hauv chav tsev nws tsim nyog nrhiav qhov txias tshaj plaws thiab nyiam qhov chaw tsaus. Feem ntau, cov qe hauv tsev tau khaws cia rau hauv tub rau khoom hauv chav ua noj lossis hauv pantry.

Thaum khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv lub tub yees lossis hauv chav tsev kub, txawm tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GOST hais txog cov ntsiab lus tau ua tiav, cov khoom no tseem hloov nws cov khoom zoo me ntsis dhau sijhawm. Tiag tiag cov qe tshiab yog suav tias tsuas yog rau 9 hnub tom qab sau. Xws li cov khoom, yog tias xav tau, tuaj yeem boiled ob qho tib si mos-boiled thiab hauv ib lub hnab. Yog tias cov qe tau khaws cia hauv lub tub yees lossis hauv ib chav rau ntau tshaj 9hnub, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua noj lawv tsuas yog tawv-boiled. Ua li no, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom yuav raug tshem tawm.

Cov qe tshiab txawv li cas los ntawm cov khoom sau ntev dhau los

Yuav ua li cas qe yuav tsum khaws cia li no yog to taub. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom khaws cov khoom no hauv lub tub yees ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +8 ° C. Tab sis yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem qhia cov qe tshiab los ntawm cov uas tau muab tso rau ntev? Nws yeej tsis nyuaj dhau ua.

Yuav kom paub seb thaum twg cov qe tau sau ntawm cov nqaij qaib, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib cov cim. Stamps nrog hnub tsim khoom ntawm cov lag luam xws li muab tso rau txhua lub qe.

Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov tshiab ntawm cov khoom no, koj tuaj yeem saib nws hauv lub teeb los ntawm ovoscope. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no muaj rau ntau tus neeg hauv zos uas yug qaib thiab ua rau qaib. Yog hais tias lub qe nyob rau hauv ib tug translucent qe nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ces nws yog tshiab thiab noj tau ob qho tib si mos-boiled thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub hnab.

Yog tias nyob rau hauv lub ovoscope koj tuaj yeem pom tias muaj qhov tsaus nti hauv cov qe ntawm cov protein, qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub qe, tom qab nws tso, tau nteg rau qhov chaw tsawg kawg ib lim piam. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem noj tau, tab sis nyiam dua tsuas yog tawv-boiled. Stale qaib qe nyob rau hauv ovoscope yuav tsis ci los ntawm. Muaj cov khoom zoo li no, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis tsim nyog.

Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub qe tshiab, koj tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib khob dej. Yog tias nws tog thiab ntog mus rau hauv qab, nws txhais tau hais tias nws tau rhuav tshem tsuas yog ob peb hnub dhau los. Yog hais tias lub qe kov lub hauv qab xwb nrog ib tug ntse kawg, nws "hnub nyoog" yogtxog ib lub lis piam. Tau kawg, xws li cov khoom lag luam kuj tuaj yeem suav tias yog tshiab. Yog tias lub qe tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub khob, nws muaj 2-3 lub lis piam, koj tseem tuaj yeem noj nws. Yog hais tias nws ntab saum npoo, ces nws yog rot thiab tsuas yog muab pov tseg.

khoom noj khoom haus

Tau kawg, ntau tus niam tsev kuj xav paub yuav ua li cas khaws cov qe qe kom zoo. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv nyoos, yog li ntawd, txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, xws li cov khoom yuav nyob twj ywm tshiab rau lub sij hawm ntev. Thaum boiled, qe rau qee qhov poob qhov khoom no. Tom qab kev kho cua sov, nws yog ntshaw kom khaws cov zaub mov no tsuas yog hauv lub tub yees. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev, cov qe hauv ib lub plhaub yuav nyob twj ywm li 3 hnub (ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj +20 ° C).

Nyob rau hauv lub tub yees, ntawm qhov kub ntawm +2 ° C mus rau +4 ° C, xws li boiled khoom yuav khaws cia rau txog ib lub lim tiam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qe tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv airtight hauv tib lub sijhawm ntev txog 14 hnub.

Qhov kev zam hauv qhov no yog cov qe muag muag. Lawv lwj sai dua li cov tawv-boiled. Hauv chav tsev, cov qe no tuaj yeem dag kom txog thaum lawv poob lawv cov freshness ntev dua 24 teev. Lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub tub yees ntev li 2 hnub. Yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom boil lub qe xwb mos-boiled rau Easter. Tom qab tag nrho, Easter qe yuav tsum tau pw ntawm lub phaj nrog Easter ncuav mog qab zib rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov qe mos-boiled nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no yuav ploj mus. Yuav tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb noj lawv lawm.

Cov qe qe Easter tawv, los ntawm txoj kev, tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua li cov boiled ib txwm. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov xim siv los kho cov qe Easter clogs lub pores hauv lub plhaub. Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob uas ua rau lub cev lwj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub qe tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau nws ntev dua. Cov qe Easter tuaj yeem khaws cia txog 4 hnub.

Ib txoj kev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem, yog tias tsim nyog, siv los xyuas kom meej tias cov qe boiled tsis tu ncua ntev. Txhawm rau kom lawv lub neej txee ntev, lawv cov plhaub tsuas yog yuav tsum tau greased nrog zaub roj.

Yuav khaws cov qe qe kom ntev npaum li cas yam tsis muaj plhaub lossis tawg

Cov khoom zoo li no, tau kawg, yuav plam nws qhov tshiab sai sai. Cov qe tsis muaj plhaub los yog tawg thaum siav ntawm chav tsev tuaj yeem khaws cia tsis pub dhau 12 teev. Nyob rau hauv lub tub yees, xws li cov khoom yuav dag kom txog thaum nws poob freshness rau 1 hnub.

Ntev npaum li cas quail qe khaws

Cov khoom no kuj tseem nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom Lavxias. Quail qe raug nqi ntau dua li qaib qe. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj ntau cov vitamins thiab tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov qe quail, zoo li cov qe qaib, tau ntev.

Thaum qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +8 ° C, cov khoom no tseem tshiab rau 30 hnub. Nws yog cov no rau cov qe quail uas cov qauv GOST tau muab rau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias cov khoom no tuaj yeem khaws nws cov freshness ntev dua. Yog li, nws pom tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb heev rau cov qe quail khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +4 ° C hauv lub tub yees ntev txog 2 lub hlis.

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov haum rau noj

Dab tsi cov qe tshiab los ntawm rotten tshwj xeebua hauj lwm, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis. Thaum lwj, xws li cov zaub mov pib emit ib tug heev ntse thiab tsis kaj siab tsw ntawm hydrogen sulfide. Cov qe yuav tsum tsis txhob noj:

• ua suab nrov thaum tuav;
• nrog lub plhaub grey tsis ci.

Ib yam khoom nrog cov yam ntxwv no yuav ua rau lwj. Cov qe qe uas tsis tshiab dhau yog tiaj tus thiab ntws, thaum cov dawb yog dej.

qe khoom

GOST cov qauv, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov khoom lag luam ib nrab tiav. Cov khoom qe qhuav yuav tsum khaws cia:

• ntawm qhov kub txog +20 ° C - siab tshaj 6 lub hlis;
• txog +4 °C - tsis tshaj 24 lub hlis

Cov khoom qe qe yog khaws cia raws li cov cai:

• ntawm qhov kub txog +4 ° C - hnub siab tshaj plaws;
• txog -18 °С - tsis tshaj 15 lub hlis;
• txog -12 °С - siab tshaj 10 lub hlis

Siv qhov xaus

Kev khaws cov qe thiab cov khoom qe, suav nrog hauv tsev, yog li yuav tsum ua raws li qee txoj cai. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom khaws cov zaub mov zoo li no hauv lub tub yees. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qaib qe yuav tsum tau noj rau ntau tshaj peb lub hlis, quail qe - ob. Cov hmoov qhuav hauv lub tub yees tuaj yeem, raws li tus qauv, noj txawm tias ob xyoos tom qab tso tawm.