Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj. Lub txhab nyiaj sab twg yog suav tias yog sab xub ntiag?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txhua daim ntawv nyiaj, tsis yog nyiaj npib lossis daim ntawv nyiaj, nws muaj nws tus kheej "lub ntsej muag", lossis zoo li, sab pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nyuaj heev rau tus neeg tsis paub nkag siab qhov twg sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim nqi yog thiab qhov twg nws rov qab. Tau kawg, txhawm rau them rau cov khoom lossis kev pabcuam, kev paub zoo li no tsis xav tau, tab sis rau qee tus neeg lo lus nug no muaj qhov tseem ceeb, qee zaum txawm tias lub ntsiab lus mystical.

qhov obverse nyob qhov twg

Avers - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm daim nqi lossis nyiaj npib, thiab lub npe no los ntawm Fabkis lo lus avers lossis Latin adversus, uas txhais tau tias "ntsig ntsej muag."

Hauv kev coj ua thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tsis muaj kev pom zoo yuav ua li cas kom paub meej "lub ntsej muag" ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj. Txhua lub xeev muaj txoj cai los tsim cov cai hauv qhov teeb meem no. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov lus qhia dav dav rau kev txiav txim siab obverse. Yog li, ntawm sab xub ntiag, raws li txoj cai, tau piav qhia:

• duab ntawm tus kav, tus thawj tswj hwm (tam sim no lossis yav dhau los), lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev;
• lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub xeev lossis lub cim ntawm lub tebchaws; Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim tias lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab, tom qab ntawd obverse yog qhov uas lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim tam sim no, siab dua hauv qib lossis loj dua;
• lus dab neeg qhia lub npe ntawm lub xeev, thaj chaw;
• npe ntawm lub txhab nyiaj.

Thiab yog tsis yog ntsej muag

Qee zaum, txawm li cas los xij, nws tshwm sim tias sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim ntawv txhab nyiaj tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv saum toj no. Yuav ua li cas? Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov duab muab tso rau ntawm ib daim ntawv banknotes tsis yog ib tug portrait los yog ib tug nco qhov chaw, obverse yog xam tau tias yog ib sab opposite tus uas lub denomination ntawm lub banknote yog muab tso rau, los yog ib tug qhov chaw uas tus serial tooj yog qhia.

Thaum qhov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xa mus rau lub teb chaws catalog ntawm lub teb chaws uas tau muab daim ntawv tso nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no siv ntau dua rau cov nyiaj npib, vim tias lawv muaj thaj chaw me me, uas nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau tso tag nrho cov insignia.

Vim li cas "lub ntsej muag" ntawm ruble tau hloov pauv

Daim ntawv nyiaj Lavxias kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo uas poob rau hauv cov cai dav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb no tsis zoo ib yam: portraits ntawm tsars yuav luag ib txwm muab tso rau sab xub ntiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab banknotes, thiab nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov duab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm proletariat V. I. Lenin, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. banknotes ntawm tej denomination. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 1991 coup, cov tub ceev xwm, thiab ua ke nrognws thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub xeev tau hloov pauv loj heev, thiab tsis ntev los no yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig tshiab, uas cov duab ntawm Vladimir Ilyich tau hloov pauv sai sai nrog cov duab ntawm Kremlin, lub cim ntawm lub xeev lub zog, lub fortress tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws. Txij thaum ntawd los txog rau tam sim no, sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab banknote tau tso tseg tsis qhia portraits, thiaj li tsis mus raws li txoj kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub xeev. Cov duab ntawm lub nroog thiab kab lis kev cai monuments tsis yog kev txhawb siab thiab yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txhua lub sijhawm.

Russian pua

Sab xub ntiag ntawm 1993 100 ruble daim ntawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm Senate Ntauwd ntawm Moscow Kremlin thiab Lavxias tricolor muab tso rau ntawm lub dome ntawm Senate. Qhov tseeb, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntawv teev nyiaj ntawm ib pawg twg muaj cov duab zoo li no nyob rau hauv obverse, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1995, txhua yam hloov pauv: daim ntawv tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv denominations ntawm 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 thiab 500 txhiab rubles. Tab sis qhov tshiab "pua pua" tshwm sim me ntsis tom qab - thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1998.

Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim nqi, daim duab uas muab tso rau hauv qab no, muaj ib daim duab ntawm ib tug quadriga, ib tug Roman ob lub log tsheb sib tw uas muaj plaub tug nees. Qhov no tooj liab Apollo chariot adorns lub portico ntawm Moscow Bolshoi Theatre.

Thaum xub thawj, daim ntawv nyiaj ntawm 100,000 rubles muaj tib daim duab, tab sis tom qab lub denomination ntawm 1997, cov nees "poob" raws nraim ib txhiab zaus thiab coj lawv qhov chaw ntawm kev hwm ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj ntawm 100 rubles. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib puas tseem muaj, tab sis lub Kaum Hlis 30, 2013, ib tug tshiab tau luam tawm."Olympic" commemorative banknote ntawm 100 rubles. Nws yog lub cim tias nws qhov kev tso tawm tau pib raws nraim ib puas hnub ua ntej qhib Olympic Games. Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm 100 ruble daim ntawv muaj cov duab ntawm ib tug snowboarder sib tw ntawm Olympics, thiab nyob rau tom qab muaj ib tug stylized firebird hovering hla lub Fisht Olympic Stadium. Tag nrho cov kev ncig ntawm "Olympic Pua pua" muaj txog 20 lab luam, thiab qee qhov tau tso rau hauv lub thawv khoom plig.

Tsev daim ntawv

Qhov obverse ntawm txhiab daim ntawv nyiaj xyoo 1993 kuj tseem muaj cov duab ntawm lub teb chaws tus chij ntawm Senate ntauwd, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 95th banknote tau rov muab dua. Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj ntawm 1000 rubles, uas nkag mus rau lub Cuaj Hli 29, 1995, perpetuates lub sights ntawm Vladivostok - lub sab saum toj ntawm lub rostral kem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub Manjur sailboat, uas twb ntsia ntawm lub nkag mus rau lub nroog nyob rau hauv 1982.. Qhov thib ob daim duab ntawm obverse yog cov duab ntawm lub hiav txwv hiav txwv ntawm Vladivostok, nyob rau hauv lub nto moo Golden Horn Bay, uas nws tus kheej muaj ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, "txhiab" tsis tau ntev heev - ib pawg neeg tawg, thiab yuav tsum tau nyiaj tshiab dua. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 1, 2001, ib daim ntawv tshiab nrog lub ntsej muag tus nqi ntawm 1000 Lavxias teb sab rubles pom lub teeb, nws obverse tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug monument rau Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise, tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub nroog los ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm Yaroslavl.

Daim duab thib ob ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kazan, nrog rau Yaroslavl Kremlin ua lub nraub qaum. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, "txheej" muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no. Txawm tiasqhov tseeb tias nws tau rov muab dua ob zaug, nws cov tsos tsis hloov, tsuas yog qib kev tiv thaiv tau ntxiv.

Signs of authenticity

Txhua lub xeev uas tshaj tawm nws tus kheej daim ntawv nyiaj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv lawv qhov tseeb. Ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis yog ib qho zais cia tias kev dag nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj npib yog ib qho txhaum cai rau txim, tab sis, hmoov tsis, qhov kev paub zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem txwv cov neeg dag ntxias uas nqhis dej kom tau nyiaj. Feem ntau, cov cim qhia ntawm qhov tseeb tau muab faib ua tusyees thoob plaws qhov chaw ntawm daim nqi, tab sis qee zaum, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau muab rau obverse.

Piv txwv li, cov cim ntawm qhov tseeb feem ntau pom los ntawm sab xub ntiag yog:

• moire qauv - thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas hloov nws cov xim thiab pom cov kab txaij zaj sawv;
• kip-effect - daim duab zais uas tsuas pom tau thaum saib daim nqi ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse;
• infrared tags - ib feem ntawm cov duab yog them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg uas nyiam ci nyob rau hauv infrared hluav taws xob;
• embossed inscriptions - tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg tsis pom kev;
• micro-perforation - denomination of banknote stuffed with me qhov rau cov neeg tsis pom kev;
• serial tooj nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb;
• ua daim duab nrog cov xim hloov xim.

Tau kawg, muaj lwm yam cim - watermarks, kev ruaj ntseg fibers, magnetic marks, microtext, microprinting, tiv thaiv xov hlau thiab lwm yam, tab sis lawv feem ntau muaj nyob rau sab nraub qaum lossis hauv.tuab dua daim nqi nws tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas nyiaj lub txhab nyiaj yuav tsis txais

Oddly txaus, tab sis qee zaus daim nqi yuav tsis txais txawm tias nws yog tiag. Cov tsev txhab nyiaj rho tawm ntawm kev ncig (tsis muaj nyiaj them rov qab) cov ntawv hauv qab no:

• shabby, hnav tsis zoo;
• thim tawm ntawm kev ncig (thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm pauv kev yeem);
• feem ntawm daim ntawv nyiaj uas nws cheeb tsam tsawg dua 55% ntawm lawv qhov loj me;
• nyiaj txiag puas tsuaj los ntawm dej, hluav taws, tshuaj, yog tias tsawg dua 55% ntawm thaj chaw qub tseem nyob nrog thaj chaw puas;
• kuj tsis lees txais daim ntawv nyiaj yog tias qhov thim rov qab lossis sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim nqi tsis muaj ib qho ntawm ob lub npe, tus lej, lossis yog tias lawv raug kev puas tsuaj loj: tsis muaj xov ruaj ntseg, kev puas tsuaj loj lossis hloov daim duab., hloov pauv ntawm lub denomination ntawm banknote nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum;
• tib yam siv rau torn, txiav rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw, nplaum daim ntawv nyiaj, yog tias ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj tsawg dua 55% ntawm thaj chaw.

nyiaj kos npe

Zoo, tam sim no koj paub qhov twg sab pem hauv ntej ntawm daim nqi yog, yog li nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thiab, lawv hais tias, kos npe zoo cuam tshuam nrog obverse. Yog tias koj xav kom muaj nyiaj ib txwm thiab ntau ntau, koj yuav tsum tau kho nws nrog kev hwm. Muaj kev xav tias cov nyiaj hauv lub hnab nyiaj yuav tsum nyob nruj nruj rau nws tus tswv, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim - los ntawm loj mus rau me me, yog li ntawd thaum qhib lub hnab nyiaj.cov nuj nqis loj tshaj plaws tau saib txoj cai ntawm koj lub ntsej muag. Thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum cov nyiaj dag "upside down" - lawv tuaj yeem "ua txhaum" thiab tawm mus. Qee tus neeg ntseeg hauv qhov xwm txheej, qee qhov tsis ua, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau tig koj cov nyiaj rov qab rau koj, yog li cas tiv thaiv koj ntawm kev sim - ua li cas yog nws ua haujlwm?