Peb siv cov tshuaj fungicidal los tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab mob

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov kab mob nroj tsuag yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov qoob loo poob ob qho tib si ntawm qhov ntau thiab zoo. Kev puas tsuaj yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau cov kab mob phytopathogenic, fungi, kab mob, kab mob.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab mob nroj tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj fungicidal npaj. Cov no yog cov tshuaj, ib hom tshuaj tua kab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob ntawm ntau cov qoob loo.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov tshuaj tua kab mob?

Kev npaj fungicidal rau cov nroj tsuag yog siv rau:

• kev sib kis kab mob thaum tsim thiab txhim kho kab lis kev cai;
• nce qoob qoob loo thiab kev ua lag luam ntxim nyiam ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
• nce txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, tubers thiab noob;
• tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob thiab lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu noj cov nroj tsuag puas.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm fungicides hauv kev tswj kab mob

Fungicides ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev ntsuas agrotechnical txhawm rau ua kom cov qoob loo thiab zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Hauv kev xyaum, lawv muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv nce tus nqi ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb me ntsisqoob loo.

Rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, kev npaj cov tshuaj fungicidal yog siv ua ntej pib ntawm tus kab mob lossis thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob nroj tsuag tsis tau them nyiaj. Cov tshuaj tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thaj chaw tshiab tsis muaj kab mob.

Cov neeg tsim khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qib qis kawg nkaus. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau siv los tiv thaiv, suav nrog kev kwv yees ntawm agronomists. Qhov no yog ua los txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kawg, thiab yog li ntawd nce profitability ntawm lub enterprise, raws li zoo raws li tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm raug tshuaj lom neeg.

Txoj kev siv

Fungicides muaj nyob rau hauv hmoov, granule, roj los yog kua daim ntawv. Lawv siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

1. Ua noob, qhov muag teev, seedlings. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si ntawm lub tuam txhab cov noob thiab ua ntej cog. Ib txwm siv:

- Cov tshuaj "Fundazol". Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov, muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim, kev daws yog npaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem: 1 g ntawm cov tshuaj ib 1 liter dej.

- txhais tau tias "Fitosporin-M". Siv los tiv thaiv kab mob fungal thiab kab mob. Muaj nuj nqis vim nws muaj toxicity tsawg, nws tsis txaus ntshai rau muv.

- Tshuaj "Maxim-KS". Siv tau zoo rau hnav cov qos yaj ywm tubers ua ntej cog, nrog rau rhizomes ntawm seedlings. Tsis lom raunroj tsuag, noog thiab kab, tsawg toxicity rau tib neeg. Vim nws muaj kev phom sij rau cov ntses, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv dej.

2. Pre-sowing tillage nyob rau hauv furrows los yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov, nyob ntawm seb txoj kev cog. Raws li txoj cai, kev npaj ua kua fungicidal yog siv rau impregnation los ntawm drip irrigation los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tshuaj tsuag nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

3. Kev kho cov nplooj ntoo thiab lwm qhov saum npoo av ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog lub sprayer. Cov khoom siv me me tuaj yeem siv tau, nrog rau cov thawv loj thauj los ntawm tsheb laij teb lossis huab cua thauj.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qab no yog siv rau kev ua:

- Tshuaj tua kab "Topaz". Siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab ua tshuaj kho mob. Nws muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm kev ua. Nws yog tshuaj lom rau kab, yog li kev kho cov nroj tsuag nrog cov tshuaj no thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm yog txwv tsis pub. Hazard chav kawm - 3.

- Txhais tau tias "Vektra". Cov tshuaj kuj tiv thaiv thiab ib txhij kho cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ntau yam kab mob fungal. Muaj raws li kev daws hauv ampoules ntawm 2 lossis 5 ml. Tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau cov nroj tsuag, me ntsis lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, tab sis muaj kuab lom heev rau muv. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshuaj yog tsis siv.

- Tshuaj "HOM" (los yog "OxyHom"). Broad spectrum fungicide, zoo heev thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Tso cai siv 3 lub lis piam ua ntej sau qoob.

- Colloidal sulfur. Muaj nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv. Zoo fights powdery mildew thiab scab. Tsis muaj tshuaj lom, yog li tso cai siv ob peb hnub ua ntej sau.

4. Tsob ntoo los ntawm grafting.

5. Kev kho cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev. Cov tshuaj tso tawm rau hauv lub tsev xog paj cua hauv daim ntawv gaseous. Cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no hu ua "fumigants". Txoj kev no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj cov kab mob, vim tias cov pa taws los yog pos huab tau ntim cov nroj tsuag thiab xyuas kom txhua qhov chaw ntawm nws raug kho tib lub sijhawm.

HCN, chloropicrin, dichloropropene, carbon disulfide, dibromoethane-1 yog siv rau sab hauv tsev.

Rau txhua hom kev kho mob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los rov siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis pub dhau 5 hnub tom qab thawj zaug hnav khaub ncaws. Qhov no yog vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub teeb, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov tshuaj, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj tsim xws li nag, cua.

Hom fungicides thiab txhais lus

Fungicides tau faib ua ntau txoj hauv kev raws li cov yam ntxwv sib txawv:

1. mobility hauv cov nroj tsuag. Cov tshuaj bidirectional muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb, uas tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw, tab sis, tau nqus los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, txav mus rau qia mus rau nplooj thiab tseem txav mus los ntawm cov nplooj mus rau cov hauv paus hniav.

2. Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv: tiv thaiv lossis kho.

3. Ua ib puag ncig: ib qhov chaw lossis ntau qhov chaw.

4. pharmacological cuam tshuam. Kev npaj cov tshuaj fungicidal muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lawv cov cell membranes, inactivating enzymes los yog cov proteins tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, cuam tshuam nrogcov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li kev tsim hluav taws xob lossis ua pa. Qee cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas lawv tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kab mob nws tus kheej. Cov kev tiv thaiv no tsim lub npe hu ua "acquired resistance system" (ATS) nyob rau hauv lub tswv tsev cog. Cov SRLs no ua rau cov teeb meem tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb xws li thickening ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntawd yog, cov nroj tsuag, zoo li nws, tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob.

5. Hom tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: inorganic lossis organic. Ntau tus thawj fungicides muaj inorganic tebchaw raws li sulfur ions los yog hlau xws li tooj liab, tin, cadmium thiab mercury, uas yog tshuaj lom tsis tau tsuas yog rau fungi tab sis kuj rau cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej. tooj liab thiab sulfur tseem siv dav.

Organic yog cov uas muaj cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. Niaj hnub no, nws yog cov tshuaj fungicidal uas tau siv tsuas yog. Cov khoom no tsis muaj tshuaj lom tsis yog rau cov nroj tsuag, tab sis kuj rau kab, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Lawv muaj kev phom sij 4. Lawv muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob, thaum tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm agroecosystem.