2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Pob zeb diamond tau nyiam tib neeg txij li thaum ub. Qhov txawv tshaj plaw ntawm cov pob zeb no tau ua rau lawv siv los tsim ntau yam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov neeg nrhiav pom lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm pob zeb diamond - lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab hardness. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom, xwm tsis tau tsim ntau ntawm cov khoom siv no, yog li tib neeg muaj lub tswv yim los tsim cov pob zeb diamond artificially.
pob zeb muaj nqis
Pob zeb diamond suav hais tias yog lub pob zeb tshwj xeeb uas tsis tshua muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: muaj zog tawg, siab thermal conductivity, hardness, optical transparency, hnav tsis kam. Vim lawv lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom, pob zeb diamonds muaj nuj nqis heev tsis yog los ntawm cov kws txawj hniav nyiaj hniav kub xwb, tab sis kuj tau siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam. Yog li, lub pov haum no yog siv hauv tshuaj, kho qhov muag thiab microelectronics.
Tab sis kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev huvntuj pob zeb diamond yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab kim heev. Vim li no, noob neej tau pib xav txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau pob zeb diamond dag. Cov pob zeb hluavtaws yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb diamond tiag tiag, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo nkauj dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm siab.
Yuav ua li cas cov pob zeb hluavtaws tuaj txog
Yuav tsum tau tsim lub pob zeb hluavtaws tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tsuas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Txog thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsim cov thev naus laus zis los ua cov pob zeb diamond, txawm hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau tias lawv yog cov txheeb ze nrog cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam. Thiab tom qab ob peb xyoo lawm, thawj cov pob zeb hluavtaws tau tsim, uas tau txais los ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm kev hloov mus rau theem. Nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm no uas tsim cov pob zeb diamond tsim, uas niaj hnub no tau siv ntau lub ntsiab ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej.
pob zeb diamond tsim cov cuab yeej
Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, ob peb lub thev naus laus zis tau siv los ua cov pob zeb hluavtaws, txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws, tab sis cov thev naus laus zis kim tshaj plaws yog los tsim cov pob zeb diamond los ntawm crystalline carbon, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov xovxwm tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, dej yog muab rau cov khoom siv los ua cov twj muaj zog. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov. Cov dej tom qab ntawd khov rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm lub tub yees, ua rau lub siab nce mus txog 10 zaug. Nyob ntawmNyob rau theem kawg, lub chamber, nyob rau hauv uas cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob, txuas nrog lub log hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tam sim no tau muab rau ob peb feem ntawm ib thib ob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, graphite hloov mus rau hauv lub pob zeb tawv. Tom qab cov theem no, cov xovxwm yog defrosted, cov kua yog drained thiab tiav lawm pob zeb diamond yog muab tshem tawm.
Loj hlob pob zeb diamond nrog methane
Lawv kuj siv thev naus laus zis yooj yim rau kev tsim cov pob zeb hluavtaws - txoj kev tawg, uas tso cai rau koj kom loj hlob ib qho khoom siv lead ua nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm methane. Feem ntau, kev tsim cov pob zeb diamond tsim tau tshwm sim raws li ob lub thev naus laus zis. Qhov tseeb yog tias thawj zaug nws tuaj yeem tau txais qhov feem pua siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb diamond, tab sis lawv yuav tsawg heev. Qhov thib ob thev naus laus zis tso cai rau koj kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov pob zeb hluavtaws los ntawm tshuab nrog methane nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm txog 1100 ºС. Txoj kev tawg ua rau nws ua tau kom tau ib lub pob zeb diamond ntawm txhua qhov loj.
Hom pob zeb diamonds
Niaj hnub no, ntau ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb hluavtaws tsim: cubic zirconia, moissanite, rhinestone, ferroelectric, rutile, fabulite, cerussite. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws fake ntawm pob zeb diamond yog cubic zirconia, los yog cubic zirconia. Nws yog zirconia. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus tau rov hnov lub npe ntawm pob zeb diamond zircon. Txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog pob zeb kim.
Zionite yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, siab ntawm dispersion thiab refraction. Ua tsaug rau lawvcov khoom, lub pob zeb no zoo kawg nkaus ua cov pob zeb diamond tiag tiag thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txawm tias cov kws paub qhov muag liab qab tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov cuav ntawm qhov qub, vim lawv ua si tib yam.
Moissanite yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws analogue ntawm pob zeb diamond. Nws muaj tib lub cev muaj zog xws li ntuj pob zeb, thiab hais txog kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag nws tseem zoo dua. Nws tsuas yog drawback yog tias nws yog inferior nyob rau hauv hardness.
Rhinestones ua los ntawm cov iav txhuas, muaj cov hlau lead oxide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Vim lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov pob zeb no ua si zoo kawg nkaus hauv lub teeb thiab muaj qhov ci ntsa iab zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb diamond.
Qhov twg cov pob zeb hluavtaws siv
Pob zeb diamond Artificial yog dav siv los ntawm cov chaw lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo nkauj uas tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj muaj nqis heev. Pob zeb cuav zoo li zoo thiab hnav zoo.
Tsis tas li, kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov pob zeb diamond yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Raws li lawv lub hauv paus, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hnyav tau tsim: sib tsoo lub log, pob zeb diamond saws, polishing discs, chisels, xyaum, scalpels, riam, ntau yam cutters thiab tweezers. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond tso cai rau kev ua cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab cov khoom siv raw. Tsis tas li ntawd, pob zeb diamond muab qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim pob zeb diamond dag hauv tsev
Qee tus kws tshaj lij hais tias nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob pob zeb diamond hluavtaws hauv tsev. Tab sis kev ywj pheej ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau thiab sijhawm. Peb yuav qhia rau koj paub yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib tug ntxhia los ntawm ntsev uas zoo li vaguely reminiscent ntawm lub pob zeb diamond.
Yog li, txhawm rau tsim lub pob zeb zoo li no, koj yuav xav tau cov dej hau, cov ntsev ntsev, tshuaj iav iav, ib daim ntawv huv thiab lub tshuab lim dej. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib lub pob zeb me me. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau sau lub beaker 1/5 feem nrog ntsev, ncuav ib nrab nrog dej sov thiab sib tov. Yog tias nws yaj, ces koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv me ntsis ntxiv. Ntsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom txog thaum nws tsis yaj. Tom qab ntawd lim cov tshuaj rau hauv lwm lub tais, uas lub pob zeb yuav loj tuaj, thiab npog nrog ntawv. Qib ntawm kev daws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas txhua lub sijhawm. Lub pob zeb yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob hauv huab cua. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj tau evaporated, koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib tug tshiab thiab ntxiv.
Cov neeg uas tau ua qhov kev sim no thov tias hauv ib lub lis piam ib lub tsev pob zeb diamond yuav tsum loj hlob sai.
Tus nqi ntawm pob zeb diamond dag
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, cov pob zeb hluavtaws tau nyob ib ntu ntawm kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Tau txais cov pob zeb diamond dag yog qhov txhim kho tas li. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov pob zeb tshiab uas tam sim ntawd tau txais qhov muaj koob meej loj, thaum cov laus poob kev xav tau thiab maj mam ploj ntawm lub khw. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, dag rutile tau muab tso rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los xyaum cov pob zeb diamond. Ces nwshloov nrog cubic zirconia. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub 90s. tag nrho cov imitations yav dhau los ntawm lub pob zeb diamond tau hloov los ntawm moissanite.
Tus nqi rau cov pob zeb diamond dag nyob ntawm qhov loj, txiav thiab cov tshuab tsim khoom. Ntau tus neeg ntseeg yuam kev tias cov pob zeb hluavtaws yog cov iav zoo tib yam thiab tsis pom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lawv. Tab sis qhov tseeb, xws li pob zeb diamond feem ntau muaj nqis heev, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis tshua muaj. Yog li, lwm hom pob zeb diamond dag tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim.
Ntawm cov pob zeb hluavtaws, cubic zirconias ntawm cov xim sib txawv yog suav tias yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Lawv tus nqi nruab nrab ib carat hauv daim ntawv txiav yog li ntawm 1 txog 5 US las. Thiab lub npe nrov pob zeb diamond analogue ntawm moissanite yog kim dua - 70-150 US las ib carat.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov nqi rau pob zeb yog xim. Yog li, tus nqi ntawm pob zeb diamond daj yog 40-50 las rau 0.2 carats, tab sis rau lub pob zeb txiv kab ntxwv-liab, nyob ntawm qhov loj, koj yuav tau them txog 3,000 las.
ntiaj teb cov thawj coj
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Russia tau suav tias yog lub ntiaj teb cov thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb hluavtaws. Tuam Tshoj yog tus nquag tshaj plaws tsim cov kev taw qhia no, tas li inventing tshiab synthesis technologies.
Pom zoo:
Cov khoom siv xoob (xuab zeb, pob zeb crushed): ntau lawm thiab muag
Sand thiab crushed pob zeb yog siv los ua lub hauv paus rau ntau lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj, nrog rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke
Pob zeb muaj zog ntsuas. Cov txheej txheem kuaj pob zeb
Thaum tsim cov tsev thiab cov qauv, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog siv. Kev ntsuas ntsuas tuaj yeem sib txawv heev
Lub Nroog Mirny (Yakutia): pob zeb diamond chaw txua txiag zeb. Keeb kwm, piav qhia, duab
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ib tug txaus lub nroog tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws, ntau yam uas yog tiag tiag tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lawv thaj chaw thiab engineering kev daws teeb meem. Xws li yog lub nroog Mirny (Yakutia)
Pob zeb diamond hmoov: ntau lawm, GOST, daim ntawv thov. pob zeb diamond cuab yeej
Hnub no, pob zeb diamond hmoov tau dav siv. Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw no yog kev tsim cov cuab yeej rau kev ua cov pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tau ua kom tau txais cov hmoov tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws
Qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb crushed - gravel, granite, limestone thiab slag. Qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov pob zeb crushed: coefficient, GOST thiab txhais
Crushed pob zeb yog cov khoom uas tsis muaj dej, tsis muaj dej thiab granular tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Nws muab faib ua thawj thiab theem nrab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tseem ceeb. Thawj - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb ntuj: pebbles, pob zeb, pumice thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Secondary yog tau los ntawm crushing siv pov tseg, xws li pob zeb, asph alt, cib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no, peb yuav txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ntau yam zoo xws li cov cuab yeej raws li qhov ceev ntawm crushed pob zeb
