Tooj liab hmoov: ntau lawm, lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 20:58

hmoov los ntawm ntau hom hlau tau siv los ntawm tib neeg txij thaum ub. Piv txwv li, crushed kub thiab nyiaj ib zaug tau siv los kho cov tais diav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau siv hauv kev pleev xim. Tam sim no, tooj liab hmoov tau pom dav siv hauv kev lag luam.

yog dab tsi

Feem ntau, cov hmoov no yog 99.5% tooj liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav suav nrog me me ntawm ntau yam impurities ntawm lwm cov hlau. Feem ntau nws yog txhuas, tin thiab hlau. Hauv lwm txoj kev, cov khoom siv no tseem hu ua tooj liab hmoov.

Yuav ua li cas

Cov lag luam ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj ntawm cov hlau tsis yog hlau tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom no. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim cov hmoov tooj liab:

• mechanical;
• lub cev thiab tshuaj.

Thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis thawj zaug, tau txais cov hmoov nrog cov tshuaj tsis hloov pauv. Txoj kev thib ob yog suav tias yog me ntsis nyuaj. Thaum nws siv, cov khoom siv hloov pauv loj heevpib khoom.

Mechanical ntau lawm method

tooj liab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no rau kev tsim cov hmoov yuav siv tau ob qho tib si khoom thiab molten. Cov khoom no nws tus kheej tau txais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws. Rau cov khoom siv tawv, qhov no tuaj yeem sib tsoo, tawg, sib tsoo, crushing.

Molten tooj liab yog hloov mus ua hmoov los ntawm crushing nws kwj nrog roj los yog dej. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam ncaj ncees homogeneous. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov txheej txheem no, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib cov hmoov nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm hais ntawm ib tug tej yam loj thiab zoo li.

Physic-chemical method

Thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis no, cov ntaub ntawv raw tau nkag mus tob rau hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj hloov pauv. Feem ntau, qhov no yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais ua raws li kev rov qab los, hu ua cementation. Feem ntau, thaum siv cov txheej txheem no, cov hmoov tooj liab tau tso nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li hlau.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsim khoom autoclave, Cu yog txo los ntawm kev daws ntawm nws cov ntsev nrog hydrogen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam tib lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab.

Txoj kev hydroelectrometallurgical feem ntau kuj siv los tsim cov hmoov tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom yog tau los ntawm electrolysis ntawm aqueous daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate siv soluble anodes (nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob). Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nyob rau hauv hopper-hom da dej nrog qis hmoov paug. Qhov chaw ntawm cov ntim khoom no yog lined nrog acid-resistantcov ntaub ntawv.

Main Applications

Cov hmoov uas tsim los ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no feem ntau tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tsis tawg thiab txawm tias tsis muaj hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, lub Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog heev dav. Feem ntau, cov khoom uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy yog siv nyob rau hauv hmoov metallurgy.

Tsis tas li, cov khoom siv no tau siv dav:

• hauv kev lag luam xim;
• hauv kev lag luam tshuaj;
• hauv cov pa metallurgy;
• hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob;

• hauv microelectronics;

• hauv kev lag luam tsheb;
• hauv kev lag luam aviation;
• hauv nanotechnology;
• in instrumentation.

Hauv kev tsim cov xim ntau yam, tooj liab hmoov yog siv los ua xim. Hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, nws yog siv rau kev txau cov txheej txheem. Cov khoom no kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov pa roj carbon electrodes.

Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, cov hmoov hlau siv, piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov log tsheb, nrog rau cov khoom tiv thaiv hnav.

Nyob hauv hmoov metallurgy, cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv los tsim ntau yam khoom sintered. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, txhua yam ntawm cov nplhaib, bushings, thiab lwm yam.

Kev faib cov hmoov

Kev lag luam niaj hnub tsim ntau qib ntawm cov hmoov tooj liab. Rau qhov tiaglub sijhawm ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov khoom ntawm hom no:

• MA thiab PM tsis ruaj khov.
• PMS-K - stabilized caulking.
• PMS-A, PMS-11, PMS-1, PMS-B - cov pa stabilized.
• PMU - ultrafine tooj liab hmoov.
• PMR, PMVA - cov khoom tawg heev.

Hauv kev tsim cov hmoov los ntawm tooj liab, zoo li lwm yam khoom siv, kev lag luam hauv Russia, tau kawg, yuav tsum ua raws li qee cov qauv thiab cov qauv.

GOST 4960 rau electrolytic hmoov: impurities

Lub chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv peb lub tebchaws tam sim no yog Uralelectromed JSC. Tau kawg, electrolytic tooj liab hmoov kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag no nruj me ntsis raws li cov qauv teev tseg los ntawm lub xeev cov qauv. GOST 4960 tswj kev tso tawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub no. Cov ntaub ntawv no, ntawm lwm yam, tswj cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov khoom ntawm qib tshwj xeeb.

Piv txwv li, tooj liab PMS-B hmoov yuav tsum muaj:

• hlau - tsis ntau tshaj 0.018%;
• arsenic - 0.003%;
• lead - 0.05%;
• oxygen - 0.10%;
• cov tebchaw ntawm sulfuric acid hlau (hloov mus rau sulfate ion) - 0.01%;
• calcined residue thaum siv los kho nitric acid - 0.04%.

Txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov hmoov tooj liab PMS-1, 11, A(tsis suav cov feem pua ntawm oxygen nrog).

Cov khoom lag luam ntawm PMS-N thiab PMS-K hom yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj:

• iron - 0.06%;
• lead - 0.05%;
• antimony - 0.005%;
• arsenic - 0.003%;
• sulfuric compounds - 0.01%;
• oxygen - 0.5%;
• calcined residue - 0.05%.

Cov feem ntau ntawm tooj liab, raws li tau hais, raws li cov qauv, hauv txhua qib ntawm cov hmoov electrolytic yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 99.5%.

Lwm yam nta

Raws li GOST 4960, kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom lag luam granulometric, nrog rau nws qhov ntom ntom. Ob qho ntawm cov ntsuas no tau txiav txim los ntawm cov rooj tshwj xeeb.

Qhov ntau ntom ntawm cov hmoov tooj liab yuav tsum yog:

• PMS-B - 2.4-2.7.
• PMS-K - 2.5-3.5.
• 1 - 1.25-2.0.
• A - 1.3-1.5.
• PMS-11 - 1.25-1.9.

GOST kuj tswj hwm, tau kawg, lwm yam tsis zoo ntawm cov hmoov:

• rau qib PMS-V, lub zog nias raw yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 60 kgf / cm2;
• PMS-B hmoov yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 36 s.

Ntxiv rau, PMS-A hom khoom lag luam:

• yuav tsum sib txawv hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeebparticles 1000 txog 1700 cm/g;
• yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob tiv taus siab dua 20 10 ohm m;
• yuav tsum muaj cov kab uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 10 microns los ntawm 25 txog 60%.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm pob lossis ib qho txawv teb chaws suav nrog hauv cov hmoov tooj liab ntawm PMU, PMS, thiab lwm yam, raws li cov cai ntawm GOST, tsis raug tso cai. Cov duab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum yog dendritic.

Yuav ua li cas lwm txoj cai tswj hwm

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tswj kev tsim cov hmoov tooj liab yog GOST 4960. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv, cov tuam txhab yuav raug coj los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm.

Piv txwv li, ultrafine PMU hmoov feem ntau yog tsim raws li cov cai ntawm TU 1793-001-50316079-2004. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, xws li cov khoom yuav tsum muaj tshuaj purity tsawg kawg yog 99.999%. Nws cov isotopic purity yuav tsum yog Cu65-30, 91 + Cu63-69, 09.

Tswj cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov duab ntawm PMU hmoov hais. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum yog spherical rau lawv. Hauv qhov no, cov hmoov nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj txheej txheej txheej. Tau kawg, hauv nws, ntawm lwm yam, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev koom nrog txawv teb chaws.

Packaging

tooj liab hmoov rau kev lag luam siv yog nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam, feem ntau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb steel nruas lined nrog ib lub hnab yas. Qhov ntim ntawm cov thawv no feem ntau yog 25.45 dm3. Tiv thaiv cov khoom thaum nws thauj thiab khaws ciahnab yas yog muab khi ua ke.

Qee zaum, tooj liab hmoov PMS-1, A, B, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem xa mus rau kev lag luam hauv cov thawv ntim tshwj xeeb polypropylene. Polyethylene liners kuj muaj nyob rau hauv xws li ntim. Hom ntim no, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom raws li kev pom zoo ua ntej nrog tus neeg siv khoom.

tooj liab hmoov belongs rau chav kawm thib plaub. Qhov kub hloov pauv lossis cov av noo siab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau nws. Yog li ntawd, nws raug tso cai thauj cov khoom siv los ntawm kev thauj mus los.