Volgograd HPP: cov lus qhia dav dav
Volgograd HPP: cov lus qhia dav dav

Video: Volgograd HPP: cov lus qhia dav dav

Video: Volgograd HPP: cov lus qhia dav dav
Video: Maiv Xis Xyooj Khaus Pim | Tub Siab Loj Xa Lus Rau Maiv Xis Xyooj 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Volzhskaya HPP yog lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe ntawm Russia. Tam sim no, nws yog ib feem ntawm RusHydro Corporation ua ib ceg. Lub tsev loj no nyob nruab nrab ntawm Traktorozavodsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Volgograd thiab nws lub nroog satellite hu ua Volzhsky. HPP no yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm nruab nrab-siab khiav-ntawm-dej nroj tsuag.

Thaum twg yog qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd tau tsim hauv USSR?

Qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob no tau ua rau lub Yim Hli 6, 1950. Nws yog hnub no uas Stalin tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm USSR Council of Ministers rau kev pib tsim kho cov dej siv hluav taws xob nrog lub peev xwm ntawm. tsawg kawg yog 1.7 lab kW sab qaum teb ntawm Volgograd.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb no yog:

  • 130 lab m ua tiav 3 earthworks;
  • 5462 txhiab m3 sib sau ua ke 3 pob zeb ua vaj tse;
  • mounted 85 txhiab sib txawv mechanisms.
Volgograd hydroelectric chaw nres tsheb
Volgograd hydroelectric chaw nres tsheb

Daim duab kos duab thiab daim duab kos duab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm kaum ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv qab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lub Koom Haum Hydroproject. PibKev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb xws li Volgograd hydroelectric power station, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv, xyoo 1951. Xyoo 1958, thawj peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tsim tawm, thiab xyoo 1962, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw nres tsheb tau sib sau ua ke kawg - ntu 22. Ntau tshaj 1,500 lub lag luam los ntawm 500 lub nroog ntawm lub teb chaws muab khoom siv rau kev tsim kho cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab.

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntawm ntau yam profile los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws USSR tau koom nrog kev tsim kho tag nrho-Union. Ntau tshaj 10,000 Komsomol cov tswv cuab thiab 20,000 tus neeg raug kaw ntawm Akhtuba ITK tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab. Qhov nruab nrab cov nyiaj hli ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog 329 rubles.

Design nta

Txog hnub no, Volgograd HPP suav nrog:

  • pas dej ua ke nrog 725m ntev spillway;
  • chaw nres tsheb nrog cov chaw pov tseg - 736 m;
  • pas dej hauv av - 3250 m;
  • sab laug-tsab dej nyab lub pas dej nrog peb lub xauv thiab ib txoj kab ntev 5.6 km.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, qhov chaw nres tsheb suav nrog qhov chaw ntses ntses thiab Volga-Akhtuba Canal. Tsheb thiab railway kab dhau los ntawm cov qauv ntawm hydroelectric complex. Lub siab cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tsim lub Volgograd reservoir. Thaj tsam tom kawg yog 3117 m2, qhov ntim yog 31.5 km3. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb (pob zeb dam) yog 44 m.

Chaw nres tsheb tsim khoom

HPP muaj peev xwm yog 2587.5 MW. Tus lej no yeej loj heev. Lub Volgogradskaya HPP tsim qhov nruab nrab ntawm 11.1 billion kWh ntawm hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab ntsug hydraulic units ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog ntsia22. Lub peev xwm ntawm cuaj ntawm lawv yog 115 MW, yim - 125.5 MW, tsib - 120 MW. Cov chav nyob tau nruab rau hauv cov chav sib cais hauv cov khub. Muaj lwm qhov me me 11 MW cog ntawm hom no ntawm lub elevator ntses. Tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog 63,060 m3/s.

Volgogradskaya HPP yees duab
Volgogradskaya HPP yees duab

Role hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws

Kev tsim kho ntawm Volgograd chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau npaj nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua dhau los txhawm rau muab hluav taws xob rau nruab nrab ntawm RSFSR, thaj av Volga thiab qee thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Txog rau tam sim no, qhov chaw nres tsheb no yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Russia. Nws xa 500 kV DC mus rau Center, 220 kV mus rau thaj tsam Volga thiab 800 kV mus rau yav qab teb cheeb tsam.

Ntxiv rau qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag, lub chaw nres tsheb daws lwm yam teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Hauv particular, lub reservoir tsim los ntawm nws yog siv rau irrigate arid av ntawm lub Trans-Volga cheeb tsam thiab lub Caspian lowland. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hydroelectric complex tsim ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau cov nkoj hla ntawm Astrakhan mus rau Saratov.

Cov chaw tsheb ciav hlau thiab tsheb ciav hlau tau tso rau ntawm lub pas dej ua ke muab qhov luv tshaj plaws kev sib txuas ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Volga. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tsheb sib tsoo feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev loj tam sim no. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog cov vaj tse uas ploj lawm thiab xav tau kev kho ntau zaus. Hmoov zoo, tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm tus choj loj hla lub Volga hauv cheeb tsam no, lub nra ntawm txoj kev loj hla lub pas dej tauv me ntsis.

Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso dej tawm ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso dej tawm ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station

Resets

As onLwm qhov chaw nres tsheb, ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob Volgograd, thaum lub caij ntuj sov, dej ntau dhau los ntawm lub pas dej. Lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los ua kom tiav qhov haujlwm no nyob ntawm ntau yam. Lub sij hawm tso dej tawm ntawm Volgograd HPP feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li cov nag lossis daus thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lawv cov melting.

Piv txwv li, xyoo 2016, qhov tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 22 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau lub Tsib Hlis 16 suav nrog. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej tawm los ntawm Volgograd HPP yog 27,000 m 3. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 100 cubic kilometers tau ntws los ntawm lub reservoir. Pib txij lub Tsib Hlis 17, kev tso tawm tau maj mam txo qis (los ntawm kwv yees li 1000 m3 ib hnub). Los ntawm 20.05 lawv mus txog ib theem ntawm 23,000 m3.

Txhua xyoo, kev tswj hwm ntawm HPP sim txuas ntxiv cov dej tawm mus ntev li ntev tau. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws qhov tsis txaus nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis lig - Lub Rau Hli thaum ntxov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm thaj av. Yog tias cov dej me me raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov pas dej, cov channel thiab eriki yuav pib qhuav nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Volga River. Los ntawm kev txo qis kev tso tawm los ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station, nws cov thawj coj, thiab lwm yam, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm tso tawm tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov ntses hauv dej.

Kev tso tawm theem ntawm Volgograd HPP
Kev tso tawm theem ntawm Volgograd HPP

Mayak HPP

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov qauv loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd, tau kawg, nyiam ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws, hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Qhov pom ntawm lub tsev no yog qhov txaus nyiam tiag tiag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlavdej tawm.

Dhau li ntawm lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej, cov kws qhia kev ncig xyuas feem ntau qhia cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus xyuas qhov chaw nres tsheb lub teeb pom kev zoo, nyob rau sab qab teb xauv. Los ntawm no, ib qho yooj yim saib ntawm Volga nws tus kheej, lub nroog, thiab cov Islands tuaj qhib. Pom zoo los ntawm lub teeb thiab lub monument rau Niam.

Ib puag ncig yam

Tau kawg, kev tsim kho ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txoj kev tsim kho, hmoov tsis, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov ecosystem ntawm Volga thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv. Yog li, piv txwv li, lub pas dej da dej tau thaiv txoj kev spawning rau ntses los ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspian. Hauv particular, Lavxias teb sab sturgeon, beluga, thiab Volga herring raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov no. Lub elevator ntses muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tsis muaj kev nkag mus siab heev thiab ua kom cov ntses hla tsis ntau tshaj 15%. Hmoov zoo, kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov stellate sturgeon thiab roach spawning nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm tus dej.

Thaum lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd tau tsim
Thaum lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd tau tsim

Zoo li lwm qhov chaw nres tsheb, qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd tau raug thuam los ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, suav nrog rau qhov tseeb tias nws nyob hauv thaj av loj.

Zoo siab zos

Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub Volga cascade, uas HPP nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug kuj yog ib feem, ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nyob tau raug dej nyab. Yog li, piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm Rybinsk chaw nres tsheb, lub ancient nroog ntawm Mologa, uas nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog feem ntau hu ua lub Soviet Atlantis, mus nyob rau hauv dej. 249 tus neeg tom qab ntawd tsis kam tawm ntawm qhov kev sib hais haum no thiab, tau kawg, tuag. Cov ntawv ceeb toom xa mus rau cov tub ceev xwm siab duaTom qab ntawd nws tau sau tseg tias lawv txhua tus "muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws", uas yog, yooj yim muab, lawv puas hlwb tsis zoo.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd, ntau lub zos kuj raug dej nyab. Piv txwv li, qhov chaw uas tib neeg yuav tsum tau rov qab los yog lub zos Lugovaya Proleyka. Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, lub zos no yog qhov ze tshaj tom qab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Ib feem ntawm 8th Air Army thiab plaub lub tsev kho mob tau nyob ntawm no. Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, lub zos tau hloov mus rau lwm qhov, qhov chaw nyob rau hnub no.

Qhov siab ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
Qhov siab ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb

Ua ntej Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, muaj ib txoj haujlwm raws li qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab yuav tsum tsim nyob ze lub nroog Kamyshin. Yog tias nws tau ua tiav, ib feem ntawm lub nroog Saratov, lub nroog ntawm Engels, Volsk thiab qee qhov yuav mus hauv qab dej. Hmoov zoo, kev nkag siab zoo tau kov yeej, thiab lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volga tau tsim nyob qhov twg niaj hnub no. Tsis yog ib lub nroog raug dej nyab thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm Volgograd (Stalingrad) HPP, thawj zaug hauv USSR, lub tsheb cable tau siv los txav khoom. Tom qab ntawd, cov cuab yeej no tau siv ntau dua ib zaug hauv kev tsim kho lwm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.

Nws tau npaj ua kom tiav kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb xws li Volgogradskaya HPP hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev sijhawm - hauv 6 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, nws txoj kev tsim kho tau siv sijhawm 11 xyoos. Lub sijhawm kawg tau ncua sijhawm feem ntau vim yog kev tuag ntawm Stalin. Tom qab tag nrho, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yog cov neeg raug kaw. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv 1953, ib tug lojib feem ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg.

Thaum tsim lub chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob Volgograd, cov neeg tsim khoom xaiv 140 lab cubic meters ntawm av. Yog tias nws yuav tsum tau thauj los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau, ces 8 lab wagons yuav xav tau. Ib txheej ntawm av nplaum 12 m tuab tau compacted nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub spillway dam thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub pas dej ua ke, muaj ib tug tub ceev xwm chaw nres tsheb, ib tug monument rau builders, thiab kuj muaj ib tug ceeb toom qhia txog kev txwv tsis pub mus yees duab thiab yees duab. Tsis pub taug kev hla lub pas dej.

Kev tso tawm ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station
Kev tso tawm ntawm Volgograd hydroelectric power station

Hnub no, HPP no tseem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam hauv lub xeev thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog Volgograd, Kamyshin, Volzhsk, thiab lwm yam. ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, raws li yav dhau los, raug them los ntawm xov xwm. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov dej ntws. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim thaum twg cov dej tawm ntawm Volgogradskaya HPP yuav raug txo lossis thaum lub sijhawm qhib lub xauv thawj zaug, piv txwv li, ob qho tib si los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thiab hauv xov xwm hauv zos Internet portals.

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