Saratovskaya HPP ntawm Volga

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Saratovskaya HPP yog ib qho ntawm kaum loj tshaj plaws uas tsis yog-nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag hauv Russia thiab Europe. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Volga-Kama cascade ntawm hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb. 24 chav dej hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ua kom muaj peev xwm tsim tau txog li 6 billion kWh ib xyoos ib zaug. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo tus nqi nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los yog 5.4 billion kWh.

Green Energy

Lavxias teb sab hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Thaj chaw loj ntawm lub tebchaws, dhau los ntawm cov dej ntws loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab lub ntiaj teb ntws, zais qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm "ntsuab" lub zog raws li cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv - dej, cua, hnub, lub zog hauv av, lub zog tidal yoj thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation muaj 102 hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm tshaj 100 MW. Saratovskaya HPP (1378 MW) nyob rau hauv 9th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov loj loj, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov ua tiav. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 2015, qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag muaj li 47,712.39 MW - thiabqhov no yog tshaj 20% ntawm tag nrho cov generated zog nyob rau hauv Russia.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas HPPs yog lub tshuab mobile tshaj plaws. Hom fais fab nroj tsuag no tso cai rau koj kom nce lossis txo lub zog ntau lawm hauv feeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev daws cov teeb meem ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Rau kev sib piv, nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb teev los ua kom cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal, thiab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear, daim duab no tseem sib npaug rau ob peb hnub. Tsis xav tias kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv.

Kev piav qhia ntawm Saratov HPP

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov thib xya hauv Volga-Kama cascade thiab nyob hauv nroog Balakovo, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cheeb tsam Saratov. 24 chav tsev hydroelectric nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1378 MW tso cai rau xyoo 2014 los muab lub teb chaws nrog 5504.6 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob (cov khoom siv tau zoo). Thaj chaw spillway yog 1,280,000 km² nrog qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo tso dej ntawm 7959 m³ / s.

Lub chaw tau dhau los ua qhov chaw thauj khoom tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av - txoj kev thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau khiav raws nws lub pas dej, txuas ob ntug dej ntawm Volga muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm HPP suav nrog kev ua kom tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj-tonnage navigation, irrigation, thiab dej.

History

Lub nroog tsim kev lag luam "Saratovskaya HPP", uas nws cov duab zoo siab nrog qhov loj me ntawm cov qauv, pib tsim kho thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1956 - qhov no yog hnub tseem ceeb rau kev pib ntawm All-Union Komsomol kev tsim kho hauv lub nroog Balakovo. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub xeev lub nroog tau txais kev yug menyuam thib ob, tig mus rau hauv qhov chaw muaj kev lag luam loj hauv lub tebchaws. Ntau tshaj 20,000 tus neeg los ntawm txhua cheeb tsam tau koom nrogkev tsim kho ntawm tus qauv tshwj xeeb, ntau tus neeg tsim khoom txuas lawv txoj hmoo nrog Balakovo.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua lub platform rau kev sim, qhov kev ua tiav ntawm qhov kev ua tiav tshiab kawg thiab cov tswv yim qub hauv kev tsim cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj loj, nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. tshwj xeeb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 27, 1967, thawj ob chav dej hluav taws xob tau tsim tawm, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1968, Saratovskaya HPP tau txuas nrog lub teb chaws lub zog hluav taws xob. Lub chaw nres tsheb tau mus txog nws lub peev xwm tsim thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1970, txij li thaum ntawd nws tau txuas ntxiv muab cov neeg siv khoom siv lub zog huv.

Saratovskaya yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tshuam hydro complex ntawm European ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lwm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj hauv Volga thiab Kama: Rybinskaya, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kamskaya, Votkinskaya, Nizhnekamskaya, Zhigulevskaya, Volzhskaya thiab lwm yam.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

• Txij thaum nws tso tawm, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua 250 billion kWh.
• Saratovskaya yog ib qho ntawm HPPs loj tshaj plaws, cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab cov peev txheej hauv Internet.
• Cov qauv muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv - qhov tsis muaj platinum platinum.
• Chav cav yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab tau nruab nrog lub ru tsev sib tsoo.
• 24 units muaj nyob rau hauv 3 qhov sib txawv - qee qhov yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.
• HPP cov chaw tau muab rau chav kawm thib 1 ntawm kev nqis peev, lawv suav nrog: kwj dej, pas dej hauv av, lub tsev loj, thaj chaw hauv qab, navigablexauv, ntses txais, switchgears rau 35, 220 thiab 500 kV.
• Lub pas dej tauv ntev txog 1260 m, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 42 m, 6.6 lab m³ av tau rov qab los rau lub pas dej. Nws muaj lub ntsiab (360 m dav) thiab ze-chaw nres tsheb.
• Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov dams ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj hauv tebchaws Russia yog tshaj 13 km. Qhov siab ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws - 23 m.
• Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm hom channel - uas yog, nws siv lub siab ntawm dej, nyob hauv plawv ntawm lub pas dej.
• Lub turbine chav ntawm HPP yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias Federation - 990 m. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub turbine log kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv - 10.3 m.

JSC RusHydro

Saratovskaya HPP thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2008 tau los ua ib feem ntawm pawg JSC RusHydro - hauv tebchaws Russia nws yog lub tuam txhab tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws, thiab thib ob hauv ntiaj teb ntawm HPPs hais txog kev teeb tsa muaj peev xwm (tshaj 25 GW). Nyob rau theem no, RusHydro tau koom ua ke 64 kev khiav hauj lwm thiab 7 CHPPs nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, 23 kev khiav hauj lwm thiab 7 HPPs nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, 3 GeoPPs, ib tug tidal fais fab nroj tsuag, cov chaw tshawb fawb, cov tuam txhab muag khoom thiab cov koom haum tsim. Ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib txawv no, Saratovskaya yog ib qho ntawm kaum tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm hluav taws xob ntawm txhua hom chaw nres tsheb. Lub koom haum tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv "ntsuab" (txuas txuas ntxiv) lub zog.

Kev nqis peev loj tshaj plaws

Kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev txhim kho cov qub, raws li pom los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. Ua raws li qhov kev tu siab, lub tuam txhab tswj hwm RusHydro tab tom ua ib ntus rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tsis zoo.

BTam sim no (thiab txog rau xyoo 2030), Saratov HPP tab tom tab tom ua kom hloov kho tshiab nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej siv siab tshaj plaws. Hauv particular, RusHydro tau pom zoo nrog lub tuam txhab Austrian Voith Hydro los hloov 21 hydro turbines thiab hydro unit No. 24 nrog rau commissioning ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2025 ntawm ib tug turnkey. Tam sim no qhov kev nqis peev tam sim no, uas nws cov nqi yuav ntau dua 1 billion euros, tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tau pom dua rau Saratovskaya HPP thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws rau cheeb tsam. Nws tau npaj tseg tias cov turbines yuav tsim los ntawm Lavxias-Austrian kev sib koom tes.

Turbine modernization

Kev tsim kho ntawm HPP suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov dej turbines ntawm ib tiam tshiab. Qhov kev tsim kho ua ntej muab kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub impeller, uas yuav tau nruab nrog S-hom hniav thiab lub servomotor nyob hauv qab no. Qhov no, patented los ntawm Voith Hydro, ua rau cov ntses turbine tus phooj ywg. Cov qauv tsim los txo qis ntau zaus ntawm kev raug mob thiab kev tuag ntawm cov ntses hla lub turbines, uas yog ib qho teeb meem loj rau tag nrho Volga-Kama HPP cascade. Nws tseem yuav txhim kho ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov roj turbine los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv dej.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob

Ntawm Saratov HPP thaum kawg ntawm 2013, cov kws tsim hluav taws xob tau hloov tag nrho tsib lub zog. Cov khoom siv rov tsim kho dua thiab muab tso rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, txhim khu kev qha, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev kho dua tshiab rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo.

Ua ke nrog cov chav hloov kho fais fab, chav dej hluav taws xob No. 13 thiab No. 14 tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm - qhov kawg ntawm txoj kab ntsugunits ntawm chaw nres tsheb, uas niaj hnub tsis siv neeg tswj system (ACS) yog ntsia. Yog li, theem kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm tsib xyoos rau kev tsim kho ntawm ACS ntawm tag nrho cov ntsug hydraulic units tau ua tiav.

Nqi thiab ua haujlwm

Txoj kev txhim kho kom zoo dua qub suav nrog kev hloov kho cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower, suav nrog qhov ua tau, kev siv tau zoo thiab siv cov kev tsim kho tshiab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov tsawg kawg nkaus downtime thiab txo qis hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws rau kev siv cov kev tsim kho dua tshiab.

Thaum siv cov kev pabcuam niaj hnub ua tiav, kev npaj ua tiav nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov khoom tsim khoom. Thawj thawj zaug, ua ntej qhov kev siv ntawm qhov kev pab cuam, ib tug pre-project daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis complex ntawm HPP, ua raws li los ntawm kev txhim kho ib qhov project rau nws cov kev kho kom zoo dua qub nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus tsim qauv ntawm Saratov. HPP. Qhov no muab kev pabcuam "ntev" kev pabcuam ntawm cov chaw hloov pauv los ntawm cov tuam txhab.

Kev Sib Tw

Millions ntawm cov nyiaj tau faib txhua xyoo rau kev pab nyiaj pub dawb. Tshwj xeeb, nws muab kev txhawb nqa rau ROSTO Cov Hluas thiab Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hluas hauv Balakovo, qhov chaw cov menyuam yaus mus rau hauv kev dhia dej thiab kev taw qhia, Children's Hospital No. 1, thiab lwm lub koom haum. Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm kev kawm, HPP tau pab tsim cov chaw sim ntawm Balakovo Polytechnic School. Kev lig kev cai, kev pab nyiaj txiag yog muab rau cov qub tub rog hauvua ntej ntawm Victory Day.

Cov Lus Qhia

Tej zaum, tsis muaj ib txoj haujlwm xav tau ntau dua li qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab dej. Daim duab ntawm cov pob zeb loj loj no yog qhov loj heev, thiab cov chav nyob thiab cov thev naus laus zis tau siv los cuam tshuam qhov kev ua tiav tshiab ntawm kev lag luam muaj peev xwm thiab kev xav.

Hydropower ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muab cov pej xeem thiab kev lag luam nrog hluav taws xob. Cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lub peev xwm loj ntawm cov dej hauv Lavxias, txheeb ze ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm los ntawm kev tsim kho cov chaw tshiab thiab kev kho tshiab ntawm cov uas twb tau ua haujlwm lawm.. Saratov HPP, uas tau ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev ua tsis tiav rau ntau xyoo lawm, yog qhov kev lees paub tseeb ntawm qhov no.