Tsheb thauj mus los: kev faib thiab hom, piav qhia, yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hnub no, cov tsheb thauj khoom hauv qab no tau siv hauv kev tsim kho: av, huab cua, hiav txwv. Feem ntau, nws yog cov khoom siv hauv av uas siv. Kwv yees li ntawm 90% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb thauj mus los yog siv los ntawm kev thauj mus los. Ntawm cov tsheb hauv av, tsheb, tsheb laij teb thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau thauj mus los tau nquag siv.

Kev piav qhia ntawm tsheb hauv av

Tam sim no, kwv yees li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom thauj yog thauj los ntawm tsheb thauj mus los. Tus nqi ntawm kev tswj cov cuab yeej no feem ntau yog li ntawm 12 txog 15% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi uas tau npaj yuav siv rau kev tsim kho.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsheb tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Thawj tus yog lub tsheb laij teb. Nws yog siv feem ntau yog tias muaj impassability nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Nws tau nquag siv thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov ntoo, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov chaw tsim kho tshiab thiab lawv txoj kev npaj.

Raws li kev siv tsheb ciav hlau, lawv tsuas yog siv yog tias tsim nyog xa khoom mus raues ntev deb, ntau tshaj 200 km.

Ib lub niche me me kuj nyob ntawm cov tsheb xa dej. Cov no suav nrog cov nkoj me me, nrog rau cov nkoj hiav txwv. Qhov peculiarity ntawm xws li cov cuab yeej yog tias nws muaj peev xwm thauj mus txog 1000 tons ntawm ib lub sij hawm, tab sis cov kev txwv ntawm kev siv ntawm hiav txwv thauj yog pom tseeb.

Kev xaiv xa khoom kawg yog huab cua. Feem ntau, cov tsheb thauj khoom ntawm hom no tsuas yog siv yog tias kev tsim kho tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw nyuaj mus txog.

Type of tsheb

Ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, muaj ob peb hom: lub hom phiaj dav dav, tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias lub tsheb muaj ib tug trailer los yog ib tug semi-trailer, ces lub tsheb tsim ib txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no, ntau hom tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, uas txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm hla teb chaws. Lawv tuaj yeem yog hom kev, off-txoj kev lossis chaw txua txiag zeb, nrog rau qhov siab thiab siab hla.

Tsheb, lawv cov khoom

Tsheb, tshuab thiab tus kheej dov Tshuag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

• ACS rau tsheb tsiv.
• Transport media elements.
• Muaj cov tshuab ua kom lub tsheb ua haujlwm.
• Kev thauj khoom hluav taws xob.

Raws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, nws tsim nyog them nqi rau qee qhov xov xwm. Lawv yog cov qauv txhawb nqasiv los tuav tag nrho lwm lub tsheb. Xws li cov cab kuj muaj ob peb lub zog profile ntsiab los yog ib pawg ntawm lawv. Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm TS, cov khoom muaj xws li:

• kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov khoom siv kom haum tsis yog cov khoom thauj xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg caij tsheb;
• khoom siv hauv tsev;
• khoom siv thev naus laus zis, piv txwv li, nqa thiab thauj cov tshuab;
• mooring devices for marine equipment.

Qhov kawg uas yuav ntxiv yog piav qhia txog cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los xyuas kom meej lub zog ntawm lub tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob rau lub tsheb. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li kiv cua thiab cav.

yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsheb

Raws li rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsheb thauj mus los lossis txhais tau tias, nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig uas muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsheb rau nws lub hom phiaj. Cov kev tsis sib xws yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau npaum li qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav mus los, nrog rau kev nqa lub peev xwm ntawm lub tsheb.

Raws li kev ceev, hauv kev suav nws feem ntau hu ua V, thiab ntsuas hauv cov khoom xws li: km / h, m / s, knot. Txhua qhov ceev yog haum rau nws hom kev thauj mus los, feem. Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom kev ceev. Thawj hom yog kev ceev thiab hom thib ob yog av ceev. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv yog kev caij nkoj nrawm.

TS complexes

Cov tsheb thauj mus los yooj yim lossis raws li lawv hu ua thauj thiab thev naus laus zis complexes (TTK) yog cov txheej txheem ntawm qee yam khoom siv uas tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom, nrog rau kev siv ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom. kev ua haujlwm. Txog niaj hnub no tseem muaj lus piav qhia meej txog TTK.

thawj chav kawm ntawm xws li kev ua haujlwm yog kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm ib qho. Cov hom kev teeb tsa tseem ceeb muaj xws li hydraulic twj, loaders, thoob loaders, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov chav kawm no yog kev ua tau zoo. Cov chav kawm tom ntej yog load-lifting complexes. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog jacks, forklifts, hluav taws xob forklifts, thiab lwm yam. Rau cov cuab yeej xws li, tau kawg, tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm nqa.

Kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tshuab. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov conveyors, cov rooj sib tham thiab lwm yam tsheb zoo sib xws. Ntawm no, raws li nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom muaj kev ua tau zoo. Cov chav kawm kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa yog kev thauj thiab khaws cia. Qhov no suav nrog cov tshuab xws li cov khoom lag luam automated warehouse complexes. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam.

Creating terminals

Hnub no, muaj kev saib xyuas tsis tshua zoo rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab tshuab thev naus laus zis. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau ua rau lub fact tias lub mechanization ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm nyob deb li deb raws li qhov yuav tsum tautus nqi thiab tsuas yog 35-40%.

Nws yog vim li no uas niaj hnub no tseem ceeb heev los tsim kev thauj mus los thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv cov chaw xws li chaw nres nkoj thiab chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau. Xws li cov terminals tuaj yeem muab cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, nrog rau kev thauj thiab khaws cia.

xaiv tsheb

Raws li kev xaiv ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev tsim tshuab lossis lwm yam txhais tau tias, muaj qee yam kev xaiv uas tau xaiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho khoom thauj yog 1 ko taw, uas yog kwv yees li 0.454 kg, thiab nws cov nqi ntau dua $ 10, ces huab cua thauj feem ntau yog xaiv rau kev thauj mus los. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom tawg thiab nplaim taws. Yog tias cov khoom thauj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm gaseous los yog kua tshuaj, ces qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog tshaj yog xa los ntawm pipeline.

Muaj ib pawg ntawm cov khoom thauj uas yog cov khoom lag luam-suab nrov. Yog tias tsim nyog xa lawv mus rau qhov deb tsawg dua 200 km, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los siv kev thauj mus los rau kev xa khoom. Rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom uas raug cais raws li perishable, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog kev ceev tshaj plaws. Muaj ib daim ntawv teev npe, raws li qhov nws txaus los xaiv ib lub tsheb xwb.

• hom khoom thauj thiab nws ntim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb;
• hnyav thiab qhov ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb;
• kev xa khoom ntau zaus thiab kev ncua deb nrog txoj kev txav yogyam tseem ceeb;
• Lub sijhawm nws yuav xa cov khoom tseem ceeb heev.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tag nrho cov no, kev lag luam tiv thaiv tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Xaiv ntawm kev lag luam tivthaiv

Thaum yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov kev suav uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev xa khoom ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tus nqi ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab xa tawm cov khoom thauj, vim tias feem ntau cov khoom xa tuaj, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tus nqi ntawm kev thauj khoom lossis kev thauj khoom. Qee lub sij hawm muaj xws li ib qho tseem ceeb raws li tus nqi ntawm tus me nyuam ntawm lub ntsiab hom kev thauj, yog tias ib tug yuav siv. Nws kuj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qee yam khoom yuav raug puas tsuaj ntawm txoj kev, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov nqi yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog tus nqi ntim khoom, kev tuav pov hwm thiab kev xa khoom.

tsheb thauj mus los

Yog tias hom tsheb tau piav qhia paub zoo rau txhua tus, ces muaj ob peb lwm yam khoom siv uas tseem koom nrog pawg no, tab sis pom tsawg dua. Cov tshuab no yog cov cuab yeej siv rau kev xa khoom tas mus li hauv kab rov tav, ntsug lossis oblique kev taw qhia. Feem ntau, kev xa khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom yog muab. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom pom cov conveyors, nrog rau pneumatic conveying installations.

Nrog kev pab ntawm cov kav dej, koj tuaj yeem ua tauteeb meem los xyuas kom meej tus me nyuam nyob rau hauv kab rov tav los yog me ntsis inclined txoj hauj lwm mus rau qhov xav tau. Feem ntau, kev xa khoom yog nqa tawm mus ntev, thiab cov khoom siv ntau thiab cov khoom ua raws li cov khoom thauj. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsuas yog cov khoom siv conveyors tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuab txuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam kuj tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov no suav nrog cov tsheb fais lossis carburetor hom. Trolleys tsis muaj lub cav siv tau.

tsheb tshwj xeeb

Ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom muaj cov tsheb tshwj xeeb. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov tshuab uas siv los xa cov khoom ua kua, lossis cov khoom siv pseudo-kua. Lub tsheb cement tsheb tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tshuab yog nruab nrog ib tug cab rau tus neeg tsav tsheb, ib tug semi-trailer nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tank.

Siv ntau zaus ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab tshuab xws li tsheb sib tov. Feem ntau lawv xa cov kua bitumen nrog qhov kub ntawm 200 ° C, txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom txias. Qhov kev ncua deb yog feem ntau 70 txog 90 km.

Tsheb laij teb tau siv dav hauv cov tsheb thauj mus los, vim lub tsheb taug qab no muaj peev xwm nqa tau loj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav mus los tsawg heev.