Giffen cov khoom: kev lag luam kev lag luam paradox

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Giffen cov khoom: kev lag luam kev lag luam paradox
Giffen cov khoom: kev lag luam kev lag luam paradox

Video: Giffen cov khoom: kev lag luam kev lag luam paradox

Video: Giffen cov khoom: kev lag luam kev lag luam paradox
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Kev lag luam kev lag luam muaj nws txoj cai, raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tsim. Piv txwv li, txhua tus paub txog txoj cai ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov. Muaj lwm txoj cai - ntawm qhov piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab nws qhov ntau,

Giffen cov khoom
Giffen cov khoom

uas yog xav tau. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntau dua, cov neeg tsawg dua yuav xav yuav nws. Tab sis ib txwm muaj kev zam rau txoj cai. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam. Cov no yog cov khoom hu ua Giffen.

Ob qhov teebmeem kev lag luam

Ua ntej peb yuav nrog Giffen cov khoom, cia peb nco qab txog ob qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev cai lij choj ntawm kev lag luam. Cov no yog cov nyiaj tau los thiab cov txiaj ntsig hloov pauv.

Cov txiaj ntsig nyiaj tau los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab nws qhov kev thov thaum tus nqi hloov pauv. Ntawd yog, yog tias cov khoom lag luam pheej yig dua, koj tuaj yeem yuav ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom no rau tus nqi uas koj feem ntau siv rau nws qhov kev yuav khoom. Los yog, tawm hauv qhov kev thov rau nws tsis hloov, siv koj cov nyiaj rau lwm yam khoom. Yog li txo tus nqi yuav ua rau koj nplua nuj.

Qhov kev hloov pauv qhia tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm qhov zoo cuam tshuam li cas rau nws qhov kev thov. Yog li, qhov txo qis ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib hom khoom ua rau nws txaus nyiam ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawmpiv rau lwm hom. Ntawd yog, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom no nce, thiab ntau yam khoom kim heev pib hloov lawv.

Giffen khoom

Tus piv thaum xav tau nce nrog tus nqi qis yog qhov zoo rau feem ntau cov khoom hauv peb lub khw.

piv txwv ntawmfen cov khoom
piv txwv ntawmfen cov khoom

Lawv cov kws tshaj lij hu ua ib txwm muaj. Tab sis muaj lwm yam khoom - Giffen khoom. Dab tsi yog yam ntxwv ntawm lawv? Vim li cas lawv thiaj raug cais tawm hauv ib pab pawg?

Qhov tseeb yog lawv tsis ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam. Thaum tus nqi nce, qhov kev thov kuj nce ntxiv. Cov khoom no tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus naas ej economist Richard Giffen. Nws yog nws thawj zaug pom thiab sim piav qhia qhov kev zam rau txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no muaj xws li ib yam li Giffen paradox.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws yog qhov nce ntawm tus nqi, muaj kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom nce ntxiv. Kev txo tus nqi txo qhov kev thov. Dab tsi yog qhov zais cia ntawm no?

Giffen cov khoom yog cov khoom (feem ntau hu ua qis dua) uas tsim los ntawm ib tsev neeg noj ntau. Qhov ntawd yog, yog tias tib neeg feem ntau noj qos yaj ywm, thiab nyiaj tsawg heev tau faib rau nqaij lossis ntses,

Giffen paradox
Giffen paradox

ces nrog nce nqi ntawm qos yaj ywm, lawv yuav tsis kam noj nqaij thiab ntses thiaj li yuav qos yaj ywm hauv ntim ib txwm.

Ntawm qhov tod, yog tias tus nqi ntawm qos yaj ywm nqis, qhov kev thov rau lawv kuj yuav poob, vim tias cov nyiaj pub dawb tuaj yeem siv rau lwm yam khoom.

Piv txwv ntawm Giffen khoom

Ntawm qee cov kws tshaj lij, muaj kev xav tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no tsuas yog rau cov teb chaws tsis muaj kev tsim kho, uas cov pej xeem txom nyem heev uas nws raug yuam kom txaus siab rau kev noj ib yam khoom nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Giffen cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Lawv cov yam ntxwv txawv:

  1. Lawv tsis muaj nqis.
  2. Tau qhov chaw loj hauv pob nyiaj siv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
  3. Tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv zoo ib yam.

Piv txwv li, rau peb lub tebchaws Giffen cov khoom yog luam yeeb, ntsev, ntais ntawv, tshuaj yej. Rau Suav teb, nplej thiab nplej zom.

Veblen khoom

Dhau li ntawm Giffen cov khoom, uas yog tus nqi qis, muaj lwm qeb - Veblen cov khoom. Lawv coj tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam li Giffen cov khoom, txawm hais tias lawv suav hais tias muaj koob meej heev. Tus neeg Asmeskas sociologist Thorstein Veblen pom qhov tshwm sim no. Nws hu ua tus qauv no qhov pom kev noj qab haus huv.

Giffen thiab Veblen cov khoom
Giffen thiab Veblen cov khoom

qeb ntawm cov khoom zoo li no suav nrog cov uas tau yuav los ua rau lwm tus nyiam. Qhov no suav nrog cov tshuaj tsw qab lossis cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas yog, tag nrho cov khoom uas yog khoom kim heev thiab hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm tus tswv.

Thaum tus nqi tshuaj tsw qab poob, nws tsis zoo li leej twg yuav yuav lawv, vim tus neeg yuav khoom ntshai ntawm kev dag. Hauv qhov no, ob hom nqi tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

  • Ntse, yog, tus neeg yuav them tiag tiag.
  • Prestigious, uas yog, tus uas nws them raws li lwm tus neeg.

Rau cov khoom zoo li no, tus nqi siab dua, tusKev thov siab dua, txawm tias yog vim li cas sib txawv ntau dua li cov khoom Giffen.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, peb txoj kev lag luam tsis muaj qhov tsis meej, nws muaj ntau qhov kev zam uas tau dhau mus ntev rau hauv qeb ntawm kev tsis tu ncua. Cov khoom ntawm Giffen thiab Veblen yog cov lus pom zoo ntawm qhov no.

Pom zoo: