Vuam arc kub: piav qhia, arc ntev thiab tej yam kev mob rau nws cov tsos

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

vuam arc nws tus kheej yog ib qho hluav taws xob tawm uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm electrodes nyob rau hauv voltage, nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm gases thiab vapors. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm vuam arc yog qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau qhov ceev tam sim no.

Kev piav qhia dav dav

Arc tshwm sim ntawm cov electrode thiab cov hlau ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Qhov tsim ntawm qhov paug tawm no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias qhov hluav taws xob tawg ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua tshwm sim. Thaum zoo li no tshwm sim, ionization ntawm cov roj molecules tshwm sim, tsis tsuas yog nws qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis kuj nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab cov roj nws tus kheej nkag mus rau hauv lub plasma xeev. Cov txheej txheem vuam, lossis theej qhov kub ntawm lub arc, yog nrog los ntawm cov teebmeem xws li kev tso tawm ntau ntawm cov cua sov thiab lub teeb lub zog. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm ob qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev coj ntawm lawv qhov loj zuj zus uas cov txheej txheem ntawm melting ntawm cov hlau tshwm sim, txij li nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hauv cheeb tsam kub nce ntau zaus. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua no yog hu ua vuam.

Arc properties

Yuav kom lub arc tshwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum luv luv kov lub electrode rau lub workpiece uas yuav ua hauj lwm. Yog li, ib qho luv luv Circuit Court tshwm sim, vim tias qhov vuam arc tshwm, nws qhov kub thiab txias nce sai heev. Tom qab kov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los rhuav tshem qhov sib cuag thiab tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua. Yog li koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov ntev arc xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.

Yog tias qhov paug tawm luv dhau, cov electrode yuav lo rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub melting ntawm cov hlau yuav tshwm sim sai heev, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau cov tsim ntawm sagging, uas yog heev undesirable. Raws li rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug arc uas ntev dhau lawm, nws yog unstable nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm combustion. Qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam arc nyob rau hauv qhov chaw vuam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj yuav tsis ncav cuag tus nqi yuav tsum tau. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom qhov nkhaus arc, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog, thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab vuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom uas muaj qhov loj me. Qhov no feem ntau hu ua magnetic blowing.

Magnetic blast

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov vuam tam sim no ntawm lub arc muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho me me magnetic teb, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo nrog cov hlau nplaum uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov khoom ua tiav. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov deflection ntawm arc tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias qee qhov sib nqus rog tshwm. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua tshuab vim lub deflection ntawm lub arc nrogsab zoo li nws yog vim cua daj cua dub. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tiag tiag kom tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim no. Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov nyhuv no, siv cov arc luv luv, thiab cov electrode nws tus kheej yuav tsum nyob ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse.

Arc structure

Tam sim no, vuam yog txheej txheem uas tau txheeb xyuas kom meej txaus. Vim li no, nws paub tias muaj peb cheeb tsam ntawm arc hlawv. Cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub anode thiab cathode, feem, lub anode thiab cathode cheeb tsam. Lawm, qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam arc hauv phau ntawv arc vuam yuav txawv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Muaj ib ntu thib peb, uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub anode thiab cathode. Qhov chaw no hu ua tus ncej ntawm lub arc. Qhov kub yuav tsum tau yaj hlau yog kwv yees li 1300-1500 degrees Celsius. Qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam arc kab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 7000 degrees Celsius. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov ncaj ncees kom nco ntsoov ntawm no tias nws tsis yog tag nrho hloov mus rau cov hlau, txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi no txaus los ua kom tiav cov khoom tiav.

Muaj ntau yam xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov arc. Yuav tsum muaj qhov ruaj khov tam sim no nrog lub zog ntawm 10 A. Nrog rau tus nqi no, nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov chaw ruaj khov nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 15 txog 40 V. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tam sim no tus nqi ntawm 10 A yog qhov tsawg, qhov siab tshaj plaws. tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1000 A. hauv anode thiab cathode. Ib qho hluav taws xob poob kuj tshwm sim hauv qhov tawm ntawm arc. Tom qab lubqee qhov kev sim, nws tau pom tias yog siv cov khoom siv electrode vuam, ces qhov poob loj tshaj plaws yuav nyob hauv thaj tsam cathode. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov kub thiab txias faib nyob rau hauv lub vuam arc kuj hloov, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws gradient ntog nyob rau hauv tib cheeb tsam.

Paub cov yam ntxwv no, nws paub meej tias vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xaiv qhov polarity zoo thaum vuam. Yog tias koj txuas cov electrode rau cathode, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm vuam arc.

Teb chaws kub

Txawm hais tias hom electrode yog welded, consumable los yog non-consumable, qhov siab tshaj plaws kub yuav raws nraim nyob rau hauv lub welding arc, ntawm 5000 rau 7000 degrees Celsius.

Thaj chaw uas muaj qhov kub qis tshaj plaws ntawm qhov vuam arc yog hloov mus rau ib qho ntawm nws cov cheeb tsam, anode lossis cathode. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, 60 txog 70% ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws tau pom.

AC welding

Tag nrho cov saum toj no hais txog cov txheej txheem rau vuam nrog ncaj tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, alternating tam sim no kuj siv tau rau cov hom phiaj no. Raws li rau qhov tsis zoo sab, muaj qhov pom kev tsis zoo hauv kev ruaj ntseg, nrog rau nquag dhia hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm vuam arc. Ntawm qhov zoo, nws sawv tawm tias yooj yim dua, thiab yog li cov khoom siv pheej yig dua tuaj yeem siv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug sib txawv Cheebtsam, xws li ib tug tshwm sim xws li sib nqus tshuab xyaum ploj. Qhov sib txawv kawg yog tias tsis tas yuav xaiv polarity, txij liRaws li kev hloov pauv tam sim no, qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim ntawm qhov zaus ntawm li 50 zaug ib ob.

Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias thaum siv cov cuab yeej siv phau ntawv, ntxiv rau qhov kub siab ntawm vuam arc hauv phau ntawv arc txoj kev, infrared thiab ultraviolet nthwv dej yuav raug tso tawm. Hauv qhov no, lawv raug tso tawm los ntawm kev tso tawm. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws rau tus neeg ua haujlwm.

Arc hlawv ib puag ncig

Hnub no, muaj ob peb lub tswv yim sib txawv uas tuaj yeem siv thaum vuam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom, tsis thiab kub ntawm lub vuam arc. Cov txheej txheem yog dab tsi?

1. Qhib txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov paug tawm yog hlawv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
2. kaw txoj kev. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion, ib tug txaus siab kub yog tsim, ua rau ib tug muaj zog tso gases vim lub combustion ntawm cov flux. Cov flux no muaj nyob rau hauv slurry siv los kho qhov chaw welded.
3. Txoj kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov roj yog nkag mus rau lub vuam cheeb tsam, uas feem ntau yog nthuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm argon, helium los yog carbon dioxide.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm txoj kev no yog tsim nyog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj oxidation ntawm cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum vuam, thaum cov hlau raug oxygen. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ntxiv tias, rau qee qhov, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov vuam arc mus rau hauv txoj kev uas tus nqi siab tshaj plaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, tsim ib qho me me microclimate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws formsib cheeb tsam me me ntawm kev kub siab. Thaj chaw zoo li no muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm huab cua hauv qee txoj kev.

Siv cov dej ntws tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov pa oxygen hauv qhov chaw vuam txawm tias ua tau zoo dua. Yog tias cov roj siv los tiv thaiv, ces qhov kev tsis zoo no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yuav luag tag.

Kev faib tawm raws sijhawm

Muaj kev faib tawm ntawm vuam arc tawm raws li lawv lub sijhawm. Qee cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm thaum lub arc nyob rau hauv ib hom xws li pulsed. Xws li cov cuab yeej nqa tawm vuam nrog luv flashes. Rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv, thaum flashing tshwm sim, qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam arc muaj lub sij hawm nce mus rau xws li tus nqi uas txaus los tsim ib lub zos melting ntawm cov hlau. Vuam tshwm sim heev precisely thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub workpiece ntaus ntawv kov.

Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej vuam siv ib qho txuas txuas ntxiv. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, cov electrode txuas ntxiv mus raws cov npoo kom koom nrog.

Tseem muaj tej chaw hu ua weld pools. Hauv cov cheeb tsam zoo li no, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm arc yog nce ntxiv, thiab nws ua raws li cov electrode. Tom qab cov electrode hla qhov chaw, lub pas dej weld tawm tom qab nws, vim qhov chaw pib txias sai sai. Thaum txias, txheej txheem hu ua crystallization tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov vuam seam tshwm sim.

Post kub

Nws tsim nyog txheeb xyuas kab arc thiab nws qhov kub thiab txias me ntsis ntxiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb nyob ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv electrode ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj hauv lub arc kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov thib ob, qhov loj ntawm qhov tam sim no kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj, txij li nrog nws qhov nce ntxiv, piv txwv li, qhov kub ntawm qhov arc kuj tseem yuav nce ntxiv, thiab rov ua dua. Thib peb, hom electrode txheej nrog rau polarity tseem ceeb heev.

Arc Elasticity

Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov ntev ntawm lub arc, vim tias qhov ntsuas tsis zoo li elasticity nyob ntawm nws. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov weld raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov arc hlawv ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Lub elasticity ntawm welded arc yog ib tug yam ntxwv uas piav txog lub uninterrupted combustion. Txaus elasticity pom yog tias nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thaum nce qhov ntev ntawm lub arc nws tus kheej. Lub elasticity ntawm vuam arc yog ncaj qha proportional rau cov yam ntxwv xws li lub zog tam sim no siv rau vuam.