T-4 nres thiab tshawb nrhiav dav hlau: cov lus qhia, piav qhia, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txog 20 xyoo tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, cov lus txib ntawm Soviet tau pom tias muaj kev kwv yees hnyav npaum li cas rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau Asmeskas. Tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim cov nkoj zoo li no hauv peb lub tebchaws, thiab yog li ntawd peb yuav tsum nrhiav cov lus teb asymmetric: nuclear missile carriers thiab aircraft muaj peev xwm tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm ib pab pawg neeg nqa dav hlau nrog kev puas tsuaj tom ntej ntawm lub nkoj loj. Ib qho kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog lub dav hlau T-4.

Yog vim li cas thiaj pom

Thaum kawg ntawm 50s, peb lub tebchaws tau nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb: hais txog lub nkoj thiab dav hlau, peb twv yuav raug hu poob rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg cov nkoj loj thiab cov foob pob tau tso rau ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm thaum ua tsov rog.. Parity tau khaws cia tsuas yog los ntawm kev siv dag zog ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb foob pob hluav taws. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, txij li thaum tib lub sijhawm cov neeg Amelikas tau pib qhia cov tub rog foob pob hluav taws rau hauv lawv cov tub rog, suav nrog kev dav hlau ua ib feem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Peb tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pab pawg dav hlau thauj khoom, vim tias peb tsuas yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau qhov no.

Tib txoj kev txhim khu kev qha los rhuav tshem ib pab pawg neeg tsav dav hlau yog tsim lub foob pob hluav taws xob supersonic nrog rau kev them nqi nuclear. Cov dav hlau thiab submarines ntawm USSR uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog ua tsis tauntes lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb, cia nyob ib leeg ntaus nws.

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem li cas?

Nws tsuas tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim cov submarines tshwj xeeb, thiab yog li ntawd peb txiav txim siab los koom nrog cov tsim qauv dav hlau. Lawv tau muab txoj haujlwm "yooj yim": los tsim " dav hlau + missile" complex nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm pab pawg neeg caij dav hlau Asmeskas thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho cov nkoj txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.

Thaum 50s lig, tsis muaj ib qhov project hauv peb lub teb chaws uas yuav ua tau raws li cov kev cai no. Txawm li cas los xij, Myasishchev Design Bureau muaj ib qhov project rau M-56 aircraft. Nws lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog qhov ceev, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3000 km / h. Tab sis nws qhov hnyav hnyav yog 230 tons, thiab lub foob pob tsuas yog 9 tons. Qhov no qhia meej tsis txaus. Thiab yog li lub dav hlau T4 tau tshwm sim: Sukhoi Design Bureau missile carrier yuav tsum nyob hauv ib qho chaw khoob.

Sotka

"Lub dav hlau thauj neeg tua neeg" yuav tsum muaj qhov hnyav tsis tshaj 100 tons, lub davhlau "qab nthab" tsawg kawg 24 mais thiab qhov ceev ntawm tib yam nkaus xwb 3000 km / h. Xws li lub dav hlau ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub hom phiaj tsuas yog lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ntes thiab xa cov cuaj luaj ntawm nws. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj tus cuam tshuam tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub tshuab no.

Lub davhlau ntau ntawm "weave" yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 6-8 txhiab kilometers nrog rau missile ntau ntawm 600-800 kilometers. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws yog lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj haujlwm no: nws tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum nkag mus rau huab cua tiv thaiv, mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tau ceev, tab sis kuj mus txog lub hom phiaj nrog nws cov tom ntej.swb kiag li offline. Yog li lub dav hlau T4 yog lub foob pob hluav taws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau ua ntej nws lub sijhawm.

cov tswv cuab tsim tawm

Tsoomfwv tau txiav txim siab tias lub chaw tsim khoom tsim ntawm Tupolev, Sukhoi thiab Yakovlev yuav koom nrog kev tsim lub dav hlau tshiab. Mikoyan tsis suav nrog hauv cov npe tsis yog vim qee qhov kev xav, tab sis vim li cas nws lub chaw tsim khoom tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim tus tshiab MiG-25 fighter. Txawm hais tias, hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws yog Tupolevs uas suav nrog kev yeej, thiab lwm lub chaw tsim khoom tau nyiam tsuas yog tsim kom muaj kev sib tw. Kev ntseeg siab kuj yog raws li qhov uas twb muaj lawm "qhov project 135", uas tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nce kev ceev nrawm mus rau qhov xav tau 3000 km / h.

Txawm tias muaj kev cia siab, "cov neeg tua rog" tau ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb nrog kev txaus siab thiab kev txaus siab. Sukhoi Design Bureau tam sim ntawd tawg rau pem hauv ntej. Lawv xaiv rau qhov "canard" layout nrog cua nkag uas protruded me ntsis dhau ntawm ntug ntawm lub tis. Thaum pib, qhov project dav hlau muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 102 tons, uas yog vim li cas lub npe tsis raug cai "weave" raug muab rau nws.

Los ntawm txoj kev, hloov kho T4 dav hlau, "dvuhsotka", yog ib qhov project tau npaj tib lub sijhawm raws li Tupolev Tu-160. Ntau yam ntawm Sukhoi tej hauj lwm tau siv los ntawm Tupolev los tsim nws tus kheej lub tshuab, lub take-off hnyav uas tshaj 200 tons.

Nws yog Sukhoi qhov project uas yeej qhov kev sib tw. Tom qab ntawd, tus tsim qauv yuav tsum tau nyiaj dhau ntau lub sijhawm tsis zoo, raws li nws tau raug yuam kom hloov tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tupolev Design Bureau. Nws tsis kam, uas tsis ntxiv phooj ywgtsis nyob hauv kev lag luam dav hlau, lossis hauv tog nws tus kheej.

tsob nroj muaj zog

Lub dav hlau T-4, tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, yuav tsum tsis muaj lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem khiav ntawm cov roj tshwj xeeb. Qhia, Sukhoi muaj peb txoj kev xaiv ib zaug, tab sis, thaum kawg, lawv tau nyob ntawm tus qauv RD36-41. NPO Saturn muaj lub luag haujlwm rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Nco ntsoov tias lub cev muaj zog no yog "tus txheeb ze nyob deb" ntawm tus qauv VD-7. Lawv, tshwj xeeb, tau nruab nrog 3M foob pob.

Lub cav tau txawv txav tam sim ntawd los ntawm nws 11-theem compressor ib zaug, nrog rau qhov muaj huab cua txias ntawm thawj theem ntawm turbine hniav. Qhov tseeb kev tsim kho tshiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub combustion chamber tam sim ntawd mus txog 950K. Lub cav no yog kev tsim kho lub sijhawm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm Soviet cov qauv. Nws siv kaum xyoo los tsim nws, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig tau tsim nyog. Nws yog vim lub cav no uas T4 yog ib lub foob pob hluav taws, qhov kev ceev ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm nws cov counterparts.

Lub dav hlau twg yog lub dav hlau nrog?

Tej zaum tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm "tandem" yog X-33 qauv foob pob hluav taws, uas tau tsim los ntawm legendary Raduga Design Bureau. Lub luag haujlwm ua ntej lub chaw tsim khoom tsim tau teeb tsa qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, qhov tseeb, ntawm lub verge ntawm thev naus laus zis ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua lub foob pob hluav taws uas yuav ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab ntawm yam tsawg 30 kilometers, thiab nws qhov ceev yuav tsum yog rau rau xya npaug siab dua lub suab nrawm.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab nkag mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom, nws tus kheej (!) yuav tsum tau suav cov neeg nqa dav hlau dav hlau thiab tawm tsam nws,xaiv lub ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws. Yooj yim muab, T-4 tawm tsam thiab tshawb nrhiav lub dav hlau, daim duab uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nqa lub foob pob hluav taws rau ntawm lub nkoj, uas raug nqi ntau npaum li ib nrab ib puas.

Txawm tias cov neeg tsim khoom niaj hnub no, qhov no yog qhov nyuaj heev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kev xav tau ua rau saib zoo heev. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov haujlwm no, lub foob pob hluav taws tsim tau suav nrog nws tus kheej lub chaw nres tsheb radar, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj heev. Lub complexity ntawm on-board systems ntawm X-33 yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev inferior rau cov nyob rau hauv "pua ib feem" nws tus kheej.

Kev vam meej ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis

T-4 lub dav hlau ua rau muaj kev xav tau tiag tiag rau lub teeb ntawm nws lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab. Thawj thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau hauv tsev, txawm tias muaj cov khoom sib cais rau kev soj ntsuam raws sij hawm ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov xwm txheej. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm daim duab qhia chaw microfilm ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, qhov xwm txheej tactical tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm.

Teeb meem ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas twb nyob rau theem tsim ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm nyuaj, ntau pua qhov teeb meem tshwm sim, txhua tus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij. Ua ntej, pib qhov tsaws iav ntawm lub dav hlau tsis haum rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, ntau txoj kev xaiv tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej, ntau yam uas tau hais ncaj qha rau vwm: tshwj xeeb, lawv txawm tau thov ib txoj haujlwm "tshaj tawm", thaum lub dav hlau yuav tsum ya mus rau lub hom phiaj nrog lub cabin down.

Tau kawg, lub dav hlau T-4 yog ib lub foob pob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau pom tseeb ua ntej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm … Tab sis tsis yog tib yam!

Tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua thaum ntawdntau saib zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 3000 km / h, txawm ib tug me ntsis protruding cockpit teeb ho nce qhov kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tau npaj tseg: rau qhov qis qis thaum lub sijhawm ya davhlau, lub alarm sawv. Txij li thaum nyob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 24 kilometers nws tseem yuav tsis yooj yim sua rau navigate visually, navigation yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm cov twj paj nruag.

Thaum lub dav hlau T-4 tsaws, lub alarm deviates downward, ua tsaug rau tus kws tsav dav hlau muaj kev pom zoo. Thaum xub thawj, cov tub rog tau coj lub tswv yim no ceev faj heev, tab sis txoj cai ntawm Vladimir Ilyushin, tus tub ntawm tib tus neeg zoo li tus tsim ntawm Il nres aircraft, txawm li cas los xij ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais tau cov thawj coj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog Ilyushin uas tau hais kom qhia lub periscope rau hauv kev tsim: nws tau npaj yuav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub qaij mechanism. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus tsim ntawm domestic Tu-144 thiab Anglo-Fabkis Concorde tom qab coj kom zoo dua ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim siab.

Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws yog kev tsim kev ncaj ncees. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum tsim nws, tus tsim qauv yuav tsum ua kom tiav ob qho kev sib koom ua ke tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, kev ncaj ncees yuav tsum muaj xov tooj cua-pob tshab. Thib ob, kom tiv taus siab heev mechanical thiab thermal loads. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb raws li iav muab tub lim, cov qauv uas zoo li lub honeycomb.

Vim qhov no, T-4 tawm tsam thiab tshawb nrhiav dav hlau tau tsim nyog suav tias yogcov "progenitor" ntawm ntau yam technologies tshwj xeeb uas tau siv niaj hnub no tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho kev thaj yeeb industries.

Qhov kev ncaj ncees nws tus kheej yog tsib txheej kev tsim kho, nrog rau 99% ntawm cov khoom poob ntawm nws lub plhaub sab nrauv, qhov tuab ntawm tsuas yog 1.5 hli. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke raws li silicon thiab cov organic tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau xav txog thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev cia siab rau ntau tshaj 20 (!) Cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov dav hlau yav tom ntej, kwv yees lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub davhlau. Thiab tag nrho cov no - tsis muaj cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub! Yog li nws tsis yooj yim rau kev kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv.

first flight

Thawj T4 Sotka lub dav hlau tau npaj rau kev ya davhlau thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1972, tab sis vim muaj hluav taws kub nyhiab nyob ib puag ncig Moscow, kev pom ntawm txoj kev khiav ntawm lub tshav dav hlau sim yuav luag xoom. Peb yuav tsum ncua kev ya davhlau. Yog li ntawd, thawj lub davhlau tau tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo, thiab lub dav hlau tau tsav los ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau Vladimir Ilyushin thiab navigator Nikolai Alferov. Ua ntej, cuaj lub davhlau sim tau ua. Nco ntsoov tias cov kws tsav dav hlau tau ua tsib ntawm lawv yam tsis tau tshem tawm cov iav tsaws: nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tshuab tshiab hauv txhua hom kev ua haujlwm.

Cov neeg tsav dav hlau tam sim ntawd tau sau tseg qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tswj lub dav hlau: txawm tias "weave" lub suab cuam tshuam dhau los, thiab txawm tias lub sijhawm hloov mus rau supersonic tau hnov tsuas yog los ntawm cov cuab yeej. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub rog, uas tau saib cov kev xeem, zoo siab nrog lub tsheb tshiab, thiab tam sim ntawd thovbatch ntau lawm ntawm 250 daim. Rau ib lub dav hlau ntawm chav kawm no, qhov no tsuas yog kev ncig siab kawg nkaus!

Yog tias txhua yam mus zoo, ces peb yuav paub lub dav hlau T-4 (tus neeg foob pob uas nws cov yam ntxwv tau piav qhia hauv cov khoom no) yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm nws cov chav kawm.

Aircraft foundations

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab no yog lub tis reconfigurable. Vim li no, nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias muaj ntau lub hom phiaj, lub dav hlau tuaj yeem siv tau los ua lub dav hlau stratospheric reconnaissance. Qhov no yuav txo tus nqi ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam, cia tsuas yog ib lub dav hlau tsim tawm es tsis txhob ntawm ob.

Qhov kawg ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab

Thawj pib, "pua ib feem" yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Tushino Aviation Plant, tab sis nws tsuas tsis rub cov khoom tsim tawm. Tib lub tuam txhab uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov tsheb tshiab yuav tsum yog Kazansky AZ. Tsis ntev, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev npaj cov kev cob qhia tshiab. Tab sis tom qab ntawd kev tswj hwm cuam tshuam: Tupolev tsis txaus siab rau tus neeg sib tw, thiab yog li ntawd Sukhoi tau brazenly "thawb" los ntawm lub Hoobkas, hacking kom tuag tag nrho cov zeem muag rau tsim lub tsheb tshiab.

Yog vim li cas hnub no peb paub tias lub dav hlau T-4 yog lub foob pob uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau nws lub sijhawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau mus rau hauv ib qho me me. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, theem ob ntawm kev xeem "thaj chaw" tau tshwm sim. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1974, lub davhlau yuav tshwm sim, thaum lub sijhawm lub dav hlau tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 12 km thiab qhov ceev ntawm M=1.36.theem, lub tsheb yuav nws thiaj li mus txog acceleration ntawm M=2.6.

Lub caij no, Sukhoi tau sib tham nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm Tusinsky cog, txawm hais tias yuav rov tsim kho cov kev cob qhia, yog tias tsuas yog yuav tsim tau thawj 50 "acres". Tab sis cov tub ceev xwm, sawv cev los ntawm Ministry of Aviation Industry, uas paub Tupolev zoo heev, deprived tus tsim ntawm txawm lub caij nyoog no. Twb tau nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1974, tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm lub revolutionary aircraft tau nres yam tsis tau piav qhia. Yog li lub T-4 yog lub dav hlau (nws daim duab yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm), puas tsuas yog rau tus kheej vim li cas ntawm ib co neeg nyob rau hauv Ministry of Defense thiab tsoom fwv ntawm lub USSR.

Kev tuag ntawm Sukhoi, uas tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 1975, tsis tau qhia meej txog qhov teeb meem no. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1976, Ministry of Aviation Industry dryly tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm "weave" tsuas yog vim Tupolev xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim cov Tu-160. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, T-4 tseem tau tshaj tawm tias tus thawj coj ntawm "White Swan", txawm hais tias Tupolev Design Bureau tsuas yog muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "khoom 100", ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev tuag ntawm Sukhoi.

Tupolev cov neeg tiv thaiv piav qhia nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus tsim qauv xav qhia "qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig dua Tu-22M" … Yog, lub dav hlau no pheej yig dua, tab sis nws siv sijhawm ntau tshaj xya xyoo los siv nws, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv nws nyob deb heev los ntawm lub tswv yim bomber. Tsis tas li ntawd, kom txog rau thaum lub sij hawm thaum muaj ntau qhov kev ntseeg tau daws teeb meem, cov qauv no tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov kho, uas kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rautus nqi tag nrho ntawm qhov project.

Qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws npaj rau kev tsim khoom ntawm "ntau pua" tsuas yog txiav tawm thiab muab pov rau hauv seem ntawm kev cob qhia ntawm Kazan Aviation Plant kuj hais txog kev siv nyiaj ntau ntawm tib neeg cov nyiaj.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "kev lag luam"

Tam sim no, tib lub dav hlau Sukhoi T-4 tau nres mus tas li ntawm Monino Aviation Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv 1976, lub Sukhoi Design Bureau coj lub xeem lub sij hawm coj lub "pua pua" mus rau qhov kawg kab, hais tus nqi ntawm 1.3 billion rubles. Ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsoomfwv, uas tsuas yog pab txhawb kom nrawm nrawm ntawm lub dav hlau. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov tseeb tias Tu-160 raug nqi ntau dua USSR. Yog li T-4 yog lub dav hlau uas tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus nqi thiab nta.

Tsis yog ua ntej lossis tom qab lub tebchaws Soviet muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab hauv ib lub tshuab. Thaum lub sij hawm tus qauv "khoom 100" raug tso tawm, muaj raws nraim 600 qhov tshiab tshaj plaws inventions thiab patents. Qhov kev tawg nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev tsim dav hlau yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Alas, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv: los ntawm lub sijhawm tsim, T4 "txiav" dav hlau tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog nws txoj haujlwm, uas yog, kev tawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas Tu-160 tsis haum rau qhov no. Submarine missile nqa tau zoo dua rau qhov no.

Precursors thiab analogues

nto moo tshaj plaws yog "White Swan", tseem hu ua missile carrier TU-160. Qhov no yog peb lub foob pob tawg kawg. Maximum takeoff hnyav- 267 tons, txheem av ceev - 850 km / h. "White Swan" tuaj yeem ceev txog 2000 km / h. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog mus txog 14,000 km. Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj lub dav hlau tuaj yeem nqa mus txog 40 tons ntawm cov cuaj luaj thiab / lossis cov foob pob, suav nrog "ntse" cov, coj los ntawm satellite systems.

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm version, muaj rau Kh-55 thiab Kh-55M missiles nyob rau hauv lub foob pob bays. "White Swan" yog lub dav hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv Soviet, nws kim heev dua li T-4, lub dav hlau tsis lees paub, thiab lwm yam, vim tias "tus nqi siab". Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov dav hlau no thaum lub sijhawm nws tsim tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj uas nws tau tsim. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau txiav txim siab rov pib tsim lub tshuab ntawm Kazan Aviation Plant. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov yooj yim - qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tshiab uas tso cai rau (txoj kev xav) txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv huab cua nrog cov txheeb ze ua tiav, nrog rau qhov tsis tiav ntawm kev txhim kho niaj hnub hauv cheeb tsam no.

M-50

Ib lub dav hlau hloov pauv rau nws lub sijhawm, tsim los ntawm Vladimir Myasishchev thiab pab pawg OKB-23. Nrog rau qhov hnyav hnyav ntawm 175 tons, nws yuav tsum tau ceev kom yuav luag 2000 km / h thiab nqa mus txog 20 tons ntawm cov foob pob thiab / lossis missiles.

XB-70 Valkyrie

Top-secret American bomber (rau nws lub sijhawm), lub cev uas muaj tag nrho ntawm titanium. Lub tuam txhab-creator - North American. Takeoff hnyav - 240 tons, siab tshaj plaws ceev - 3220 km / h. Qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov yog mus txog 12 txhiab kilometers. Cov koob yeej tsis tau mus vim qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tus nqi siab thiab kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis nyuaj.

Hnub no T-4 (lub dav hlau uas nws daim duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) zoo nkauj heevpiv txwv li cas cov cuab yeej siv high-tech thiab high-end raug tua vim kev xav ntawm nom tswv thiab kev ua si hauv qab.

Results

Zoo hmoo, kev siv zog ntawm titanic ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov nyiaj tau los loj siv rau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov qauv tsim tsis tau poob rau hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Ua ntej, ntau cov thev naus laus zis tau tsim tom qab siv los tsim Tu-160, uas niaj hnub no tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Qhov thib ob, Sukhoi Design Bureau tuaj yeem siv tag nrho cov kev tsim kho no hauv kev tsim Su-27, tshwj xeeb rau nws lub sijhawm, uas los txog rau hnub no tseem yog "ntaus" hauv fighter aviation.

Hais txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm "ntau pua" ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau hauv tsev thiab chaw lag luam hais tias tsawg kawg yog qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej siv tshuab "honeycomb" tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho "Buran". Alas, tab sis qhov project no yog mediocre puas.