Ntawm nkoj cannons

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txij thaum immemorial, cov nkoj nrog nkoj phom tau suav tias yog lub zog txiav txim siab ntawm hiav txwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov caliber ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: qhov loj dua, qhov kev puas tsuaj loj dua tau ua rau tus yeeb ncuab.

Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, naval artillery tau ntsiag to thawb mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm hom tshiab riam phom - coj missiles. Tab sis nws tseem tsis tau tuaj rau decommissioning ntawm naval artillery. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pib hloov kho tshiab raws li cov xwm txheej niaj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv hiav txwv.

Nyob rau hauv naval artillery

Ntau lub sijhawm ntev (txog xyoo pua 16th) cov nkoj tsuas muaj riam phom rau kev sib ntaus sib tua - ib tug ram, cov txheej txheem rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj lub nkoj, masts thiab oars. Kev caij nkoj yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los daws qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm hiav txwv.

Cov rog hauv av tau muaj peev xwm ntau dua. Hauv av nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txhua yam kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tau siv lawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov riam phom zoo sib xws tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua naval.

Kev tsim thiab faib cov hmoov phom (smoky) radically hloov cov riam phom ntawm tub rog thiab tub rog. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia, cov hmoov phom tau paub hauv lub xyoo pua 14th.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv phom rauhiav txwv tsis nyiam cov neeg tsav nkoj. Cov hmoov phom feem ntau ua ntub dej, thiab rab phom misfired, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tej yam kev mob yog fraught nrog loj txim rau lub nkoj.

Lub xyoo pua 16th yog qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv Tebchaws Europe. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Cov qauv tsim ntawm cov phom hloov pauv, thawj cov cuab yeej pom tau tshwm sim. Lub phom phom tau txav tau. Cov hmoov phom zoo tau txhim kho. Nkoj cannons pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua naval.

17th caug xyoo naval artillery

Nyob rau xyoo 16th thiab 17th, artillery, nrog rau cov tub rog tub rog, tau tsim ntxiv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom ntawm cov nkoj tau nce vim lawv qhov chaw tso rau ntawm ob peb lub lawj. Nkoj lub sijhawm no tau tsim los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua phom loj.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, hom thiab caliber ntawm nkoj cannons twb tau txiav txim, txoj kev ntawm firing los ntawm lawv tau tsim, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hiav txwv. Kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau tshwm sim - ballistics.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub nkoj cannons ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th muaj chim tsuas yog 8-12 calibers. Xws li ib lub thoob luv luv yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xav tau kom thim rab phom mus rau hauv lub nkoj kom rov ua dua, nrog rau kev xav kom lub phom phom.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm nkoj phom, mos txwv rau lawv kuj tsim. Incendiary thiab foob pob tawg tau tshwm sim ntawm cov nkoj, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov yeeb ncuab nkoj thiab nws cov neeg coob. Cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias yog thawj zaug siv cov foob pob tawg hauv xyoo 1696, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Azov.

18th caug xyoo nkoj armament

Lub xyoo pua 18th nkoj lub cannon twb muaj flintlock. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws qhov hnyav tsis tau hloov pauv ntau txij li ib puas xyoo dhau los thiab muaj li 12, 24 thiab 48 phaus. Tau kawg, muaj phom ntawm lwm cov calibers, tab sis lawv tsis tau siv dav.

Cannons tau nyob thoob plaws hauv lub nkoj: ntawm hneev nti, stern, sab sauv thiab qis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phom hnyav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qab lawj.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov phom loj loj hauv nkoj tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub tsheb nrog lub log. Hauv qab cov log no hauv lub lawj, cov grooves tshwj xeeb tau ua. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, rab phom dov rov qab nrog lub zog recoil thiab tau rov npaj rau kev thauj khoom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj khoom nkoj lub cannons yog qhov nyuaj thiab pheej hmoo ua lag luam.

Kev tua hluav taws ntawm cov phom zoo li no nyob hauv 300 m, txawm hais tias lub plhaub tau mus txog 1500 m. Qhov tseeb yog tias nrog qhov deb ntawm qhov projectile poob kinetic zog. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th lub frigate raug rhuav tshem los ntawm 24-phaus shells, ces nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th lub battleship tsis ntshai ntawm 48-phaus shells ib yam. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, cov nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv tau pib ua tub rog nrog 60-108-phaus phom nrog lub caliber txog li 280 mm.

Vim li cas cov phom ntawm lub nkoj tsis muab pov tseg los ntawm keeb kwm?

Thaum saib, lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yuav tsum tau hloov cov phom loj, suav nrog hauv tub rog, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Missiles tsis tuaj yeem hloov lub nkoj phom tag nrho. Yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug artillery plhaub tsis ntshai ntawm txhua yam ntawm passive thiab nquag cuam tshuam. Nws yog nyob ntawm huab cua tsawg dua li cov missile coj. Salvo ntawm naval phominvariably ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj, tsis zoo li nws cov kwv tij niaj hnub no - cruise missiles.

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas cov phom tub rog muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua thiab cov mos txwv loj dua li cov foob pob hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus nqi ntawm cov phom nkoj yog qis dua cov riam phom missile.

Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv no, tshwj xeeb yog them nyiaj rau kev txhim kho nkoj artillery installation. Txoj hauj lwm yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov nruj tshaj secrecy.

Thiab tseem niaj hnub no, kev teeb tsa cov phom loj ntawm lub nkoj, nrog rau tag nrho nws qhov zoo, ua si ntau lub luag haujlwm pabcuam hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nkoj dua li kev txiav txim siab.

Lub luag haujlwm tshiab ntawm cov tub rog tub rog hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no

Lub xyoo pua 20th tau ua nws tus kheej hloov kho rau qhov tseem ceeb uas muaj ua ntej hauv tub rog tub rog. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm naval aviation yog vim li cas rau qhov no. Huab cua raids ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub nkoj ntau dua li cov yeeb ncuab phom phom.

Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau qhia tias kev tiv thaiv huab cua tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm hiav txwv. Lub sijhawm ntawm ib hom riam phom tshiab - coj missiles - pib. Designers hloov mus rau foob pob ua ntxaij systems. Tib lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov phom loj loj tau raug tso tseg.

Txawm li cas los xij, riam phom tshiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem cov phom loj, suav nrog cov tub rog tub rog. Phom, lub caliber uas tsis tshaj 152 mm (calibers 76, 100, 114, 127 thiab 130 mm), tseem nyob rau hauv lub navies ntawm lub USSR (Russia), lub teb chaws USA, Great Britain, Fabkis thiab Ltalis. Muaj tseeb tiag, tam sim no muaj ntau dua naval artillerytxhawb lub luag hauj lwm tshaj percussion. Cov phom nkoj nkoj tau pib siv los txhawb lub zog tsaws, tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau. Naval anti-aircraft artillery tuaj rau pem hauv ntej. Raws li koj paub, nws qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov hluav taws kub. Vim li no, lub nkoj tua hluav taws ceev ceev tau dhau los ua qhov khoom ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg tsim qauv.

Txhim kho qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, cov tshuab phom tsis siv neeg pib tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tso siab rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, uas yog, lawv yuav tsum sib npaug sib npaug tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau thiab nkoj nkoj, thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ntug hiav txwv fortifications. Cov tom kawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov tactics ntawm navy. Kev sib ntaus sib tua Naval ntawm cov nkoj yog yuav luag ib yam ntawm yav dhau los. Tam sim no cov nkoj tau dhau los siv ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv raws li kev rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab hauv av lub hom phiaj. Lub tswv yim no kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm cov riam phom naval.

Nkoj tsis siv neeg artillery systems

Xyoo 1954, cov tshuab tsis siv neeg ntawm 76.2 hli caliber pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab nyob rau hauv 1967 lawv pib tsim thiab tsim tsis siv neeg artillery systems ntawm 100 thiab 130 mm calibers. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog thawj lub nkoj tsis siv neeg phom (57 hli) ntawm AK-725 ob lub phom phom mount. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov los ntawm ib leeg-barreled 76, 2-mm AK-176.

Tib lub sijhawm zoo li AK-176, AK-630 30-mm nrawm-hluav taws teeb tau tsim, uas muaj qhov sib hloov ntawm rau lub thoob. Nyob rau hauv lub 80sxyoo, lub nkoj tau txais kev txhim kho tsis siv neeg AK-130, uas tseem ua haujlwm nrog cov nkoj.

AK-130 thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Lub nkoj 130-mm rab phom tau los ua ib feem ntawm A-218 ob lub thoob mount. Thaum xub thawj, ib qho kev sib tw ntawm A-217 tau tsim, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau lees paub tias ob lub tog raj kheej A-218 muaj qhov hluav taws kub siab (txog 90 txhaj tshuaj rau ob lub thoob), thiab qhov nyiam tau muab rau nws..

Tab sis rau qhov no, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum tau nce qhov loj ntawm kev teeb tsa. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov complex yog 150 tons (lub installation nws tus kheej - 98 tons, tswj system (CS) - 12 tons, mechanized arsenal cellar - 40 tons).

Tsis zoo li kev txhim kho yav dhau los, lub nkoj lub phom loj (saib daim duab hauv qab no) muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab uas ua rau nws nce qhov hluav taws kub.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, qhov no yog ib daim cartridge, nyob rau hauv lub tes tsho uas cov primer, hmoov nqi thiab projectile tau ua ke.

Tsis tas li ntawd, A-218 muaj qhov tsis siv neeg rov ntim cov mos txwv, uas ua rau nws siv tau tag nrho cov mos txwv thauj khoom yam tsis muaj tib neeg cov lus txib ntxiv.

SU "Lev-218" kuj tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg. Kev kho hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm lub kaw lus nws tus kheej, nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tawg ntawm lub plhaub poob.

Qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm rab phom thiab muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb nrog cov chaw taws teeb thiab radar fuses tso cai rau AK-130 tua hluav taws ntawm cov phiaj xwm huab cua.

AK-630 thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Lub AK-630 rab phom nrawm nkoj yog tsim los tiv thaiv lub nkoj los ntawm dav hlau thiab teebyeeb ncuab nkoj.

Muaj lub thoob ntev ntawm 54 caliber. Qhov kev sib tw ntawm rab phom yog nyob ntawm hom phiaj: lub hom phiaj huab cua raug ntaus ntawm qhov deb txog li 4 km, lub teeb ntawm lub nkoj - txog li 5 km.

Tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm lub installation ncav cuag 4000-5000 txhiab rounds ib feeb. Hauv qhov no, qhov tawg ntev tuaj yeem yog 400 txhaj tshuaj, tom qab ntawd so ntawm 5 vib nas this yuav tsum tau txias cov phom phom. Tom qab tawg ntawm 200 txhaj tshuaj, so ntawm 1 thib ob yog txaus.

Lub AK-630 mos txwv load muaj ob hom kev txhaj tshuaj: OF-84 high-explosive fragmentation incendiary projectile thiab OR-84 fragmentation tracer.

US Navy Artillery

Teb Chaws Asmeskas Navy kuj tau hloov nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub rog. Rocket riam phom tau dav qhia, artillery tau tso tseg rau tom qab. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Asmeskas tau pib saib xyuas cov phom loj me me, uas tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov dav hlau ya qis thiab cov cuaj luaj.

Kev mloog yog them feem ntau rau kev siv phom tsis siv neeg 20-35 hli thiab 100-127 hli. Lub nkoj tsis siv neeg cannon nyob ib qho chaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv armament ntawm lub nkoj.

Nruab nrab caliber yog tsim los ntaus txhua lub hom phiaj tshwj tsis yog hauv qab dej. Tus qauv tsim, cov chav nyob yog ua los ntawm cov hlau teeb thiab cov fiberglass reinforced.

Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm-reactive rounds rau 127- thiab 203-mm phom mounts tseem tab tom ua.

Tam sim no, Mk45 127 caliber universal mount yog suav tias yog ib qho kev sib tw rau US nkoj.

Los ntawm cov riam phom me me nws tsim nyog sau rau ntawm rau-thooj "Volcano-Phalanx".

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

Nyob rau xyoo 1983, ib txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj tsis tau pom dua tau tshwm sim hauv USSR, sab nraud zoo li lub chimney ntawm lub 19-20th caug xyoo nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 406 hli, tab sis tsuas yog qhov sib txawv uas nws tuaj yeem ya tawm. … ib tug coj los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau los yog cov pa projectile, ib tug cruise missile los yog nuclear tob foob pob. Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm xws li ib tug ntau yam riam phom nyob ntawm seb hom kev txhaj tshuaj. Piv txwv li, rau cov missile coj, qhov no yog 10 rounds ib feeb, thiab rau ib tug pa projectile - 15-20.

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias xws li "dab" tuaj yeem ntsia tau yooj yim txawm tias nyob rau ntawm cov nkoj me me (2-3 txhiab tons hloov chaw). Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus txib ntawm Navy tsis paub qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, yog li qhov project tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tiav.

Cov kev xav tau niaj hnub rau naval artillery

Raws li lub taub hau ntawm qhov chaw sim thib 19 Alexander Tozik, niaj hnub no cov kev cai rau nkoj phom tseem nyob ib feem ntawm qhov qub - qhov no yog qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, cov phom tub rog niaj hnub no yuav tsum muaj lub teeb txaus los teeb tsa rau ntawm lub teeb ua rog. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom cov phom tsis meej rau cov yeeb ncuab radar. Cov mos txwv tiam tshiab yuav tsum muaj, nrog rau kev tuag ntau dua thiab muaj kev tua ntau ntxiv.