"Kanban", ntau lawm system: piav qhia, essence, functions thiab xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kanban kev tswj hwm yog ib txoj hauv kev logistical rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv, kev muaj peev xwm txuag tau cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab nce qib ntawm kev tswj hwm tag nrho ua rau nws muaj koob meej thiab muaj koob meej.

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Kanban system yog suav tias yog Nyiv, qhov chaw nws tau siv thawj zaug ntawm Toyota Motors tsheb cog thaum ntxov 60s. Kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tau ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov yuav tsum tau txo qis nyiaj txiag los ntawm "stantaneous" tswj cov khoom muag thiab ua tiav raws sijhawm ntawm cov haujlwm xav tau. Txog niaj hnub no, thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov yog kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog kev ua haujlwm tas mus li (kev lag luam tsheb, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam). Muab qhov yooj yim ntawm cov algorithm embedded nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau zoo mus kom ze rau qhov project tswj.

Push los yog rub?

Kanban tau yug los ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv lub sijhawm kom txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov kev tsim thiab kev siv tom qab tau qhib ib hom kev tswj hwm tshiab. Yog hais tias mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev siv zog ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm (piv txwv li, cov uas ua haujlwm raws li kev npaj nruj), tom qab ntawd txij li lub sijhawm Kanban system tau thov, rub-hom kev lag luam tshwm sim. hauv logistics. Hauv qhov no, cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws hloov pauv.

Hauv cov khw muag khoom thawb, lub teeb liab tswj mus los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, tiag tiag "thawb" cov khoom ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau lwm qhov raws li kev lees paub thev naus laus zis. Rau cov rub tawm, ntu kawg tsim ib qho kev thov rau cov khoom tsim nyog los ntawm cov theem dhau los ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Kanban ntau lawm system tsis yog hom tshiab kiag li. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, cov qauv tswj kev tsim khoom uas tau tshwm sim dhau ib nrab xyoo pua dhau los sawv cev rau cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam classical. Lub ntsiab lus tseeb tshaj plaws rau Kanban muaj peev xwm yog "kev ua tau zoo". Txij li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev niaj hnub tsim khoom yog txhawm rau nce nws.

Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kanban system yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm tsim khoom ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm (qhov chaw) ntawm kev tsim khoomtxheej txheem. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm txhua theem ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub neej voj voog.

Cov khoom lag luam yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub no. Hauv kev xyaum, ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv hauv qab no muaj feem yuav tshwm sim:

• khoom tsis txaus;
• khoom khaws cia.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhim kho thawj qhov xwm txheej yuav yog:

• kev cuam tshuam hauv kev sib dhos ntawm kev tsim khoom;
• txo qis hauv cov zis los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm;
• nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom seem thiab cov khoom siv vim kev saib xyuas lig;
• nce nqi tsim khoom.

Rau qhov kev xaiv thib ob, tus yam ntxwv nta yog:

• qis muag;
• txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom;
• nce hauv kev poob ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho (chaw cia, cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev siv hluav taws xob).

Kanban system txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ob qho xwm txheej vim qhov lees paub txwv ntawm qhov tso cai ntawm cov peev txheej hauv cov saw hlau tsim khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, "pob tshab" ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwm sim - cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib yuav, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau pom. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub kaw lus yog kev nce hauv cov khoom zoo tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev txo nqi tseem ceeb.

Key ntsiab ntawm qhov system

"Kanban" yog kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tswj tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov tias siv taukev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov saw hlau yog cov ntawv yas ntawm cov xim sib txawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv (lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Kanban" los ntawm Nyiv yog "daim npav"). Nws zoo nkaus li nyob ntawm hom kev tswj.

Tre Kanban

Daim npav cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub thawv. Kev txiav txim ntau lawm yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub thawv nws tus kheej ntawm lub khib. Kev txiav txim algorithm yog ua raws li hauv qab no: thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv thawj lub thawv nrog daim ntawv qhia txo qis, nws tau tsiv los ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm mus rau ib tug ntawm cov theem ntawm lub khib (uas ua hauj lwm rau kev txiav txim thiab tau txais ib lub teeb liab los ntawm lub thauj neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam) thiab pib ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus. Tus neeg thauj khoom tuaj tos lub thawv khoob, muaj daim npav kanban uas qhia tias yuav tsum tau xaj khoom los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lossis tus muag khoom. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm hom kanban no yog qhov ntim ntxiv rau txhua hom siv.

Keeb Kwm

Daim npav ntau xim nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom, xim txiav txim siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog. Hauv kev xyaum, daim npav tau muab faib ua ob peb ntu uas qhia cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus xa thiab tus neeg txais.

Muaj ntau cov tswv yim siv cov xim palette ntawm daim npav. Los ntawm monochrome (dawb, dub) mus rau ntau xim. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim thiab lawv xaiv nyob ntawm sebcomplexity ntawm manufacturing txheej txheem. Yog tias tsim nyog siv cov teeb liab ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib txawv, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem thov:

• xiav xim - "kev tsim khoom kanban" (kev sib txuas ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm thiab chaw muab khoom);
• xim liab - "warehouse kanban" (kev sib txuas ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom thiab chaw khaws khoom);
• ntsuab xim - "hloov khw kanban" (kev sib txuas lus ntawm ntau lub khw lossis complexes).

pros and cons

Kanban system muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws txo cov sij hawm txhuas, txo cov khoom siv downtime, optimizes cov khoom muag, txo cov seem, tshem tawm WIP, txhim kho qhov chaw siv, ua kom cov khoom tsim tau thiab ua kom tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yooj yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev yog yam tsis muaj kev zam - nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom lag luam txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov khoom lag luam, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev npaj mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev tsim khoom. Raws li cov thawj coj, muaj kev xav tau siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, lub Kanban system tsis yog ib tug txheej txheem kev txhim kho txoj kev, nws yog ib tug ntau lawm lub tswv yim uas, nrog systematic thiab tas li siv, tso cai rau kom ua tau zoo ntawm lub enterprise.