Ntawm thiab hom kev tshaj tawm

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tam sim no, kev tshaj tawm yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog kev tsim khoom, kev lag luam thiab kev koom tes thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov neeg uas yog cov tshaj tawm, rau kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom luam tawm. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog txhua yam ntawm qhov teeb meem no.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev tshaj tawm

Publishing yog, thawj zaug, kev lag luam kev lag luam, ib ceg ntawm kev lag luam uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev npaj ua ntej, tsim, tshaj tawm (hauv lwm lo lus, kev tso tawm ntawm qee yam kev ncig) thiab kev nthuav tawm ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua suab paj nruag, luam tawm thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Ib tug neeg ua lag luam luam tawm yog hu ua tus tshaj tawm. Txij li thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshaj tawm tau raug txuas nrog kev luam ntawv thiab kev faib tawm ntxiv ntawm cov phau ntawv, daim ntawv qhia, cov ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, daim npav lag luam, kos duab album, ntawv xa ntawv, sau nkauj, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Tom qab tshwm thiabHauv Is Taws Nem thiab cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm digital tau nthuav dav, thaj tsam ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm hauv kev xav tau nthuav dav heev. Niaj hnub no, kev tshaj tawm suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ntawm lawv yog cov ntawv e-phau ntawv, cov ntawv xov xwm hluav taws xob, txhua yam ntawm blogs, cov vev xaib, pab tshuab nthuav tawm hauv xov tooj cua, video thiab audio CDs, computer games, cassettes.

Kev tshaj tawm ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau, tau txais tus sau txoj cai, npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev luam ntawv (piv txwv li, cov haujlwm uas suav nrog kho, ua pov thawj thiab teeb tsa), luam ntawv (lossis xa hauv tshuab hluav taws xob), nrog rau kev lag luam thiab kev faib khoom ua haujlwm. Los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, kev tshaj tawm tsuas yog muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus sau thiab lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Mediation

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus sau thiab lub tsev luam ntawv hauv kev tshaj tawm. Qhov tseeb, cov tsev tshaj tawm yog ib hom kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv ntawm tus sau txoj cai (hauv lwm lo lus, cov kws sau ntawv) thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov khoom luam tawm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv kev tshaj tawm yog tsim cov kev kwv yees ntawm kev thov rau kev ua haujlwm, tau txais cov cai rau lawv, rov tsim cov haujlwm hauv daim ntawv xav tau (hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob lossis hauv qhov nruab nrab), hloov cov xov xwm mus rau cov kev faib tawm los ntawm cov qauv kev faib tawm, cov chaw muag khoom, thiab lwm yam.

OKVED: tshaj tawm haujlwm

Kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam hauv OKVED yog txhais los ntawm txoj cai 58. Raws li kab lus 58.1 - luam tawm cov phau ntawv, ntu ntu thiab lwm hom kev tshaj tawm lag luam - pawg hauv nqe lus nug suav nrog kev tshaj tawm:

• Phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm thiab lwm yam khoom siv sijhawm.
• Cov ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv txhais lus, daim duab qhia chaw, atlases thiab txhua yam rooj.
• Catalogs, directory and mailing lists.
• Duab, xa ntawv, luam tawm, cim, daim ntawv tshaj tawm, daim ntawv qhia.
• Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov haujlwm muaj cai (cov ntawv tshaj tawm no muaj lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim zoo uas tau nqis peev rau hauv lawv thaum tsim cov txheej txheem; raws li txoj cai, lawv raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cai lij choj).

Dab tsi ntxiv mus rau hauv kev tshaj tawm?

Raws li OKVED cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshaj tawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv, cov koom haum thiab lwm cov qauv kuj suav nrog:

• Kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tawm (cov ntsiab lus) ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj kev txwv los ntawm kev koom tes hauv lossis teeb tsa kev tsim tawm lossis faib khoom hauv ntau hom. Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog kev nrhiav tau ntawm copyright.
• Cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas tam sim no ua tau. Ntawm lawv yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suab, luam tawm, tshaj tawm cov haujlwm ntawm ib lub koom haum lossis lwm yam qauv hauv Is Taws Nem, uas yog siv tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tshaj tawm, cov ntaub ntawv rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis suav nrog kev tso tawmmovies.
• Kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm (ua lwm yam lus, thawj matrices) lossis cov ntaub ntawv suab kaw.
• Cov khoom luam tawm thiab luam ntawv.
• Mass reproduction, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, luam cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kaw xov xwm.

Nyob ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev ua ub no

Tom ntej no, nws yuav tsim nyog los txiav txim siab txog ntau yam kev tshaj tawm. Raws li lub hom phiaj npaj, lawv raug faib ua raws li pawg hauv qab no:

• cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm. Lawv tau tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb rau sawv cev ntawm lub xeev cov koom haum, lub cev lossis cov chaw haujlwm, nrog rau cov zej zog thiab cov koom haum. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia lossis kev cai, xws li kev txiav txim lossis kev cai lij choj.
• Kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb. Hom no muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim lossis kev tshawb fawb theoretical, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monuments, scientifically npaj los txiav txim siab luam tawm.
• Cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb. Qhov ntau yam no muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sim lossis kev tshawb fawb theoretical hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, kab lis kev cai, kev tshawb fawb. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv nkag mus rau cov neeg nyeem, uas tsis yog ib tug kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb.

Lwm hom kev tshaj tawm twg muaj nyob?

Ntxiv rau cov uas tau hais los saum toj no, niaj hnub no muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv qab no:

• Ntawv sau thiab kos duab. Feem ntau, hom kev tshaj tawm no muajib los yog ntau tshaj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov dab neeg.
• Kev tsim khoom-tsim qauv qauv. Ntawm no peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, uas muaj cov cai, cov qauv thiab cov cai hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntsig txog kev tsim khoom.
• Tshaj tawm-kev tshaj tawm tswv yim ntawm hom qauv. Raws li txoj cai, ntau yam no muaj cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, kev tsim khoom lossis kev tsim khoom. Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev coj ua pej xeem. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yog tsim los rau cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj peev xwm sib txawv.
• Kev kawm. Hom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv systematized ntawm kev siv lossis kev qhia txuj ci, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv yooj yim rau kev qhia thiab kev kawm.
• Cov ntawv tshaj tawm nom tswv. Lawv feem ntau muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo lossis kev nom kev tswv uas xav kom nyeem los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyeem.
• Tshaj tawm tshaj tawm. Qhov ntau yam no muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev pabcuam, cov khoom lag luam lossis cov xwm txheej, nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv uas nyiam cov neeg nyiam. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm no yog tsim kom muaj kev thov.

Raws li tau tshwm sim, kev tshaj tawm tau tsim kho zoo niaj hnub no. Cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog nws tau ua tiav thiab meej meej, uas ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau dua hauv thaj chaw los ntawm ntau pawg neeg sib raug zoo.