Alloy cam khwb cia hlau: qib, khoom thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Alloyed hlau yog ib yam khoom uas yog tsim los ntawm smelting nyob rau hauv blast furnaces. Nws tuaj yeem muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau sib txawv. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no, ob hom cam khwb cia hlau yog qhov txawv. Thawj yog hu ua hloov dua siab tshiab, los yog dawb, thiab qhov thib ob yog grey, los yog foundry.

Kev piav qhia ntawm hom cam khwb cia

thawj hom yog npua hlau. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv uas carbon tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom xws li cementite. Nyob rau hauv ib tug so nws muaj xim dawb, li no nws lub npe. Xws li cam khwb cia hlau yog yam ntxwv los ntawm siab hardness thiab brittleness. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau tshuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kwv yees li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov smelted npua hlau yog dawb. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv no yog qhov txuas ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau.

Grey alloy cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ductile graphite. Hauv kev so, nws cov xim yog grey, uas kuj txiav txim siab nws lub npe. Lub brittleness thiab hardness ntawm xws li cam khwb cia hlau yog tsawg tshaj li ntawm dawb cam khwb cia hlau, tab sis nws yog zoo dua machined ntau.

Cov khoom ntawm alloy cam khwb cia hlau ntawm hom no yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws tiv thaiv cov loads zoo heev.
• Thib ob, cov hlau no tsis hnov tsw rau qhov tsis xws luag, thiab tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev qaug zog tsis ua haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv hlau alloyed cam khwb cia hlau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj zog. Vim yog ob qhov tsis zoo no, nws nyuaj heev rau kev siv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim qauv.

Kev piav qhia dav dav ntawm qib grey cam khwb cia hlau

Hnub no, muaj cov qib zoo li no ntawm cov hlau nplaum grey cam khwb cia: SCH 10, SCH 15, SCH 18, SCH 20 thiab lwm yam. Cov tsiaj ntawv SCh nyob rau hauv lub cim qhia tias nws yog grey cam khwb cia hlau, thiab ob tug tom ntej no tus lej qhia lub siab tshaj plaws load uas cov hlau yuav tiv taus thaum stretched. Lub zog tensile hauv qhov no yog ntsuas hauv MPa.

Ntau yam grey cam khwb cia hlau

Foundry alloyed hlau muaj ntau yam subtypes. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ductile hlau. Lub npe no tau muab rau cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws yog softer thiab viscous ntau dua grey. Tau nws los ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia dawb. Ua li no, siv cov txheej txheem annealing, uas kav ntev. Cov cim ntawm no yog hais txog tib yam, piv txwv li KCh 30-6, KCh 33-8, KCh 37-12. Cov tsiaj ntawv qhia tias cov cam khwb cia hlau no yog malleable, thiab ob tus lej tom ntej txiav txim siab lub zog tensile. Tab sis raws li rau ib los yog ob tug lej kawg, lawv characterize lub siab tshaj plaws txheeb ze elongation, uasntsuas raws li feem pua.

Lwm yam subtype ntawm foundry alloyed hlau yog hloov. Yuav kom tau txais nws, koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau grey. Xws li kev hloov kho yog ntxiv ua ntej nchuav cov khoom. Aluminium, silicon, calcium thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv los ua additives. Cov additives no ua rau muaj ntau qhov chaw crystallization. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv pab txhawb kom txo qis ntawm graphite.

Ua tsaug rau cov khoom ntxiv no, tshwj xeeb alloy cam khwb cia hlau yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab dua, tsis muaj brittleness, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tawg. Nws tsim nyog ntxiv tias tag nrho cov qib zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau no tau txais los ntawm cov khoom hloov kho.

Yam alloy alloy

alloy cam khwb cia hlau txhais li cas? Alloying yog ib txoj haujlwm los qhia ntau yam impurities rau hauv cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov yam ntxwv. Rau cam khwb cia hlau, titanium, chromium, vanadium thiab lwm yam tau ua xws li additives. Kev taw qhia txog cov ntsiab lus alloying rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem ua rau cov yam ntxwv xws li lub zog, hardness, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab ntau lwm yam.

Hnub no, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus alloying ntsiab hauv cam khwb cia hlau, peb hom tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Yog tias cov khoom ntxiv muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj txog li 2.5% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, ces qhov no yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab-alloyed yog cov ntaub ntawv uas nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm2.5 txog 10%.
3. hom kawg yog alloyed heev, yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov kho hauv tag nrho ntau dua 10%.

Tshuaj rau alloying, cim

Raws li GOST, alloyed cam khwb cia hlau yuav tsum muaj qee yam khoom siv rau hauv ib cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv lo kuj yog tus qauv. Piv txwv li, ChN15D7Kh yog lub zog muaj zog alloy uas muaj 15% npib tsib xee, 7% tooj liab thiab kwv yees li 1% chromium. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv kev kos npe, cov ntsiab lus alloying tau cim nrog ib tsab ntawv, ua raws li tus lej qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj yuav yog tias daim duab ploj lawm, zoo li tom qab chromium. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub composition yog hais txog 1%.

Raws li kev tsim cov hlau cam khwb cia, nws pheej yig heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom kawg muaj cov khoom ua tau zoo txaus. Ua tsaug rau ob yam no, qhov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom piav qhia tau nce ntxiv.

Yam alloy alloy

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho tshuaj rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav ua rau muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, ntau chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv alloyed yog qhov txawv.

Yog li, cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem hnav-tiv taus. Cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog characterized nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj ib tug muaj zog tiv thaiv abrasion, uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm deg kev sib txhuam. Cov pawg no suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab kev sib txhuam cam khwb cia hlau. Thawj ntawm cov no muaj tsawg heevcoefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam. Vim li no, lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov ntawm alloyed cam khwb cia hlau ntawm lub npe hom yog zus tau tej cov yam xws li dawb bearings, bushings rau lawv thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau zoo sib xws.

Cov khoom siv sib txhuam, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm kev sib txhuam, thiab yog li nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej nres rau ntau yam txheej txheem, khoom siv, thiab lwm yam.

Stainless cam khwb cia hlau

Ntau tus neeg paub tias muaj hlau hu ua stainless hlau. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb heev. Tsuas yog xws li alloys sib txawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv tsis kam mus corrosion yog heev siab. Lub npe cam khwb cia hlau tau siv dav hauv kev tsim nkoj. Yog tias ntau tshaj 12% chromium ntxiv rau cov hlau ua cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon raug txo kom ntau li ntau tau, ces cov hlau no yuav tau txais los ntawm qhov tshwm sim.

ChNHT, ChN1KhMD, ChN15D7Kh2 tau dhau los ua nws cov npe nrov tshaj plaws. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv khaws cov corrosion kuj siab txawm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig aggressively, muaj zoo tiv thaiv cavitation thiab hnav nyob rau hauv ib tug chav-dej ib puag ncig.

Ib pawg me me tab sis tseem nrov heev yog cov hlau cam khwb cua sov. Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yog tias nws nyuaj rau oxidize, thiab tseem khaws nws cov khoom zoo ntawm qhov kub siab.

Qhia tooj liab

Tam sim nosij hawm, ntau thiab ntau zaus pib siv cam khwb cia hlau nrog ntxiv ntawm tooj liab. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv no rau hauv cov hlau ua kom nws cov khoom zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov no cuam tshuam cov fluidity ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nyiam ntawm kev tawg thiab shrinkage porosity yog txo qis heev.

Kev koom ua ke ntawm 0.5% Cu (tooj liab) ua rau cam khwb cia hlau tsim nyog txaus los nrum rau hauv qhov chaw nrog phab ntsa thicknesses li ntawm 10 mus rau 25 hli. Yog tias tsim nyog los ua kom cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov khoom yav tom ntej, ces nws yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm tooj liab, nrog rau nws cov complexes. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia ntawm no tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxiv tooj liab tuaj yeem txhim kho yog tias cov khoom xws li antimony lossis bismuth tau nkag rau hauv cov hlau.

Yog tias qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav nce ntxiv, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tooj liab ntawm crystallization ntawm graphite yuav txo qis. Alloying cam khwb cia hlau nrog tooj liab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj dawb hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab tseem ua rau cov tawv tawv ntawm nruab nrab. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum smelting lub tog raj kheej liner, cam khwb cia hlau thaiv taub hau, thiab lwm yam khoom.

Complex cam khwb cia hlau

Yuav kom ua tiav smelt hlau cam khwb cia hlau uas tuaj yeem siv rau casting lub tog raj kheej liner, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv tsis tau tsuas yog ntau hom ferroalloys, tab sis kuj muaj qhov cub induction. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov casting ntawm cov khoom no, IChKhN4, ChN1KhMD thiab ChNMSh hom thiab ntau lwm hom yog siv. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias txhua qhov chaw raug smelted rau hauv cov phab ntsa nyias lossis pwm loj.

koobqauv thiab cov khoom siv muaj zog

Ib yam me me ntawm cov hlau cam grey, uas yog cov pab pawg hnav-tiv taus, yog cov khoom siv nrog cov qauv acicular. Lub degree ntawm doping nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug khoom yog heev tsawg. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon thiab carbon nyob rau hauv nws kuj yog tsawg heev. Hauv qhov no, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xws li tooj liab, molybdenum, npib tsib xee thiab qee qhov hloov pauv tau nce nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm phab ntsa tuab uas xav tau, nrog rau nyob ntawm txoj kev siv casting.

Lwm yam yog cov khoom siv muaj zog. Qhov no yog ib qho me me ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau, uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nodular graphite. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov qauv zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum qhia magnesium, cerium thiab bismuth rau hauv cov hlau. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm peb cov ntsiab lus alloying hloov cov ductile graphite ntawm cov khoom siv casting rau hauv spheroidal graphite. Hom no txawv nyob rau hauv uas nws cov neeg kho tshuab qualities yog ntau dua li ntawm lwm yam cam khwb cia hlau. Txog rau tam sim no, kwv yees li 10 qib sib txawv ntawm cov alloy ntawm pawg no tau raug tsim tawm. Cov khoom siv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv kev tsim khoom hauv nkoj es tsis txhob siv hom malleable. Thiab feem ntau hom ductile hlau yog magnesium (nrog rau ntau ntawm magnesium nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg).