Lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag? Kev tsim kho nta, pros thiab cons, tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ua ntej yuav vaj tse, tib neeg feem ntau xav tias lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag. Lub tsev ntawm txhua hom muaj lawv tus kheej nuances, kev tsim kho tshuab yog sib txawv, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yog siv. Txhua tus neeg txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub tsev twg nws yuav xis nyob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum paub seb lub tsev vaj huam sib luag sib txawv li cas ntawm lub cib. Koj yuav tsum tau qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm txhua hom thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv.

Keeb kwm ntawm vaj huam sib luag tsev

Nws tsis yooj yim los piv lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag. Vaj huam sib luag tsev pib tsim rov qab rau hauv lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv lub tsib caug ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm hom no tau nce. Cov vaj tse muaj zog, ntau lub tsev tseem nyob niaj hnub no.

Technologies thiab nuances ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev vaj huam sib luag

Thaum cov lus nug tshwm sim txog qhov twg ntau-storey tsev zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag, ces koj yuav tsum paub txog kev tsim kho tshuab. Piv txwv li, vaj huam sib luag tsev yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm kev sib piv nrog tus tsim qauv. Lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm pob zeb slabs. Cov pob qij txha yog cemented.

Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho. Hloov cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, lawv pib yuav cov khoom vaj huam sib luag. Lawv txawv ntawm lawv "khoom". Hauv qhov tsim no yog cov khoom siv suab nrov-insulating, nrog rau cov cua sov-insulating.

Sandwich panels loj dua li cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, vim qhov no, lub qab nthab hauv cov tsev tau pib nyob siab dua, thaj chaw tau nce.

Pros of panel buildings

Vaj huam sib luag muaj ntau qhov zoo uas tsis tuaj yeem lees paub uas koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau:

1. Kev tsim vaj tsev zoo li no tau ua tiav hauv ib xyoos, uas suav hais tias nrawm nrawm rau txoj haujlwm tsim peev. Cib thiab monolithic siv sijhawm ntev los tsim.
2. Tus nqi pheej yig rau chav tsev rau tus neeg muaj nyiaj tau los nruab nrab. Txoj cai tswj hwm tus nqi no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog siab. Lwm qhov laj thawj yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg koom nrog kev tsim kho, yog li cov nqi zog me me.
3. hom tsev no siv tau ntev. Cov phiaj xwm muaj lub sijhawm tso cai ntawm kev siv vaj tsev ntawm hom no los ntawm plaub caug mus rau tsib caug xyoo. Ib nrab xyoo pua yog lub sijhawm ntev rau lub tsev nyob. Qhov tseeb tiag, vaj huam sib luag tsev siv txawm tias ntev dua li qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim.
4. Kho hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm tes. Cov vaj huam sib luag yog du thiab tsis tas yuav tsum ua kom zoo ntxiv.

Cons ntawm vaj huam sib luag tsev

Yog tias muaj kev tsis ntseeg lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag, ces nws tsim nyog nrhiav qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus. Lub vaj huam sib luag muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv qab no, uas tau sau tseg los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas:

1. Tseem muaj qhov npaj ua tiav, uas yuav luag hloov tsis tau. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau demolish load-bearing phab ntsa, uniting cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug koov los yog nthuav lub qhib, ces koj yuav tsum tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub nroog.
2. Tsis muaj suab nrov. Koj tuaj yeem txham, thiab los ntawm ib tus neeg nyob ze saum toj lossis hauv qab koj tuaj yeem hnov qhov xav tau kev noj qab haus huv. Zoo audibility yog piav qhia los ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Lawv nyias nyias thiab suab dhau los lawm zoo.
3. Tsawg thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Vaj huam sib luag tsev yog suav tias yog txias vim lub thickness ntawm cov slabs. Tej zaum cov pob qij txha tau kaw tsis zoo thiab cov chav tsev txias sai sai. Ntau tus neeg nws tus kheej-insulate phab ntsa los ntawm sab hauv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua nws sab nraud thiab caw cov kws tshaj lij rau qhov no. Tam sim no ntau lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag thiab kev sib khi sib txuas.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag niaj hnub no

Ntau xyoo dhau los, thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho tau hloov pauv, vaj huam sib luag tsev tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Lawv tau zoo dua. Piv txwv li, qhov layout ntawm cov tsev apartment tau hloov mus rau qhov zoo dua. Hauv cov tsev tshiab, cov chav tsev tau dhau los ua kev yuav khoom uas twb tau kho dua tshiab thiab nrog glazed balconies thiab loggias. Hauv ntau lub tsev, cov neeg tsim khoom tau pib ua ob chav dej, uas yooj yim heev rau tsev neeg loj. Niaj hnub no muaj taupom ntau yam ci facades ntawm lub tsev uas zoo siab rau lub qhov muag thaum lub caij txias. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau pib cia siab rau ntau txheej vaj huam sib luag, nws tau ua kom sov dua hauv cov tsev. Txhim kho suab rwb thaiv tsev hauv tsev.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais kom paub tseeb tias lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib, thaiv lossis vaj huam sib luag. Txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

Cib tsev tsim qauv qauv

Nws ntseeg tias cov tsev uas ntseeg siab tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawm cib. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug nyiam los txo cov kev tsim kho ntawm cib tsev, txawm hais tias cov tsev nyob rau hauv lawv yog yuav nce txawm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Cov qauv zoo li no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nce txhua xyoo. Kev tsim kho siv sijhawm ntev dua li kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, txhawm rau tsim ib lub tsev cib ntau-storey, nws yuav siv sijhawm li ob xyoos. Rau kev tsim kho lub tsev ntawm hom no, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog, thiab cov nqi zog nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, cov nqi rau cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev cib yog ntau dua li hauv vaj huam sib luag thiab monolithic sawv daws yuav. Lub tsev ntawm hom no suav hais tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb.

Qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim kho tshuab

Kev tsim kho vaj tsev nyob hauv tsev ua los ntawm cib muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv. Nws ntseeg tau tias ceramic cib yog ib qho khoom siv zoo ib puag ncig uas zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim vaj tsev. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj av noo siab, piv txwv li, ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej. Cov tsev cib zoo kawg nkaus khaws cov cua sov, yog li cov chav tsev muaj qhov sov microclimate. Ib qho ntxiv ntxiv yog qhov txo cov nqi hluav taws xob, yog liyuav ua li cas tsis ntxiv cua sov lub tsev. Yog hais tias lub tsev tau ua los ntawm silicate cib, ces nws yog zoo dua rau insulate lub tsev.

Cov tsev sib xyaw ua ke tau nrov hnub no. Cov no suav nrog cov vaj tsev monolithic-cib. Cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev no muaj nqi heev, tab sis cov tsev no tsis tshua tsim.

Ntau tus neeg tsis paub qhov zoo dua - lub vaj huam sib luag lossis lub tsev cib monolithic. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm tsis yog tsuas yog kev ua lag luam rau cov tsev, tab sis kuj kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xaiv uas haum rau koj.

Qhov zoo ntawm cib tsev tsev

Xaiv qhov zoo dua - lub cib lossis vaj huam sib luag, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm thawj. Cov no suav nrog:

1. Nws tso cai txhim tsa lub tsev ntawm txhua qhov tsim.
2. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov layout raws li koj xav tau. Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom muag square metres, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv tsim cov phab ntsa raws li lawv pom zoo. Qee qhov tawm hauv chav ua studios.
3. Kev xav tau cov tsev nyob hauv tsev cib yeej ib txwm siab. Yog tias koj xav tau sai sai muag ib chav tsev, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov neeg yuav khoom yooj yim.
4. Ntawm lwm lub tsev, cov tsev cib muaj lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo tshaj plaws. Cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev no khaws cua sov tau ntev.
5. Nyob hauv cov tsev cib, vim yog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, tsis muaj pwm thiab fungus ntawm phab ntsa.
6. Lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov tsev zoo li no zoo heev. Lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev txog 150 xyoo.
7. Lawv yooj yim rau cov neeg nyob. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nws tsis kub sab hauv, lub cib tsis kub li ib tug pob zeb slab. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, cov tsev nyob sov.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau lub tsev cib tsev

Nrhiav seb lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag, nws tsim nyog nyob ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev cib. Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv. Peb sau qee qhov ntawm lawv uas cov tswv tau sau tseg hauv kev tshuaj xyuas:

1. Soundproofing yog qhov zoo vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub suab xa mus los ntawm cov phab ntsa, tab sis ntseeg tau tias txhua lub suab nrov hauv tsev tau hnov zoo kawg nkaus.
2. Tus nqi ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv tsev ntawm hom no ntau dua li lwm tus.
3. Kev tsim kho siv sijhawm ntev heev. Rau cov neeg uas xav tau vaj tse nyob, tos yuav tsis muaj kev xaiv.

Txoj kev ntawm lub tsev monolithic

Nyob rau hauv nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev monolithic tau xav tau. Niaj hnub no, lawv kuj tsis poob lawv lub koob meej. Ib tug feature ntawm kev tsim kho technology ntawm hom tsev no yog los tsa lub formwork. Nws yog erected pem teb los ntawm pem teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hlau ncej ntawm lub tsev. Lub formwork yog heev yooj yim rau assemble thiab yuav disassembled li yooj yim. Muaj lub sijhawm los tsim ib lub tsev ntau-storey. Tus qauv tsim tuaj yeem ua los ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev no yog tus qauv tsim ntawm txhua lub tsev. Lub tsev yog tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm hom kev tsim vaj tsev hauv qab no:

1. Monolithic lossis lub hauv paus ruaj khov.
2. Monolithic ncej. Nws muaj cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv. Lub tsev kuj suav nrog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Nws muaj peev xwm ntxivcib Cheebtsam ntawm lub tsev.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev monolithic

Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm monolithic multi-storey tsev hauv kev tshuaj xyuas yog:

1. Tsis muaj kev txwv lub caij nyoog. Kev tsim kho tsis nres txawm tias lub caij ntuj no. Kev ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias nyob rau hauv sub-zero kub. Qhob yog tas li cua sov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom raug xa tawm sai dua li cov tsev cib muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
2. Koj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau lub plag tsev.
3. Ntau tus txaus siab qhov uas koj ua tsis tau dej nyab cov neeg zej zog. Txawm hais tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim nrog cov kav dej hauv chav tsev, cov dej yuav tsis poob. Cov qauv ntawm ib lub tsev tsis pub dej nkag mus rau hauv cov plag tsev nyob sib ze.
4. Cov phab ntsa yeej ib txwm txawm thiab du thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Hauv cov tsev no, nws yooj yim los kho nrog koj tus kheej tes.
5. Raws li qhov project, lub tsev yuav tsum sawv ntsug tsawg kawg 150 xyoo.
6. Xaiv koj tus kheej layout hauv tsev.
7. Txhim kho kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv tsev ntau xyoo.
8. Kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo hauv cov tsev.
9. Soundproof yog zoo hais tias tsis hnov dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg nyob ze.

Cons ntawm cov tsev monolithic

Thaum lo lus nug yog lub tsev twg zoo dua - cib monolithic lossis vaj huam sib luag, ces koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev monolithic:

1. Kev tsim kho kav ib xyoos nyob rau nruab nrab.
2. Tus nqi tsev nyob hauv tsev ntawm hom no yog qhov siab heev.

Flaws xyaumTsis yog, hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, cov qauv monolithic yog qhov zoo dua li cov vaj huam sib luag.

Cov Khoom Muag Tom Qab

Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus nug uas hais rau cov tswv tsev: lub tsev twg ntawm "secondary" zoo dua - cib lossis vaj huam sib luag. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov tsev cib zoo dua. Lawv muaj lub neej ua haujlwm siab dua, mus txog 150 xyoo. Vaj huam sib luag tsev yog tsim los rau 50 xyoo. Cov vaj tsev cib muaj qib siab ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag tsev, dhau sij hawm, thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav ua phem, phab ntsa yuav tsum tau insulated.

Hauv kev lag luam theem nrab, tus nqi ntawm cov tsev feem ntau poob, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev cib. Raws li txoj cai, lawv raug nqi ntau zaus ntau dua li cov vaj tsev nyob hauv vaj huam sib luag.

Tus nqi ntawm chav tsev nyob hauv lub tsev cib lossis lub tsev vaj huam sib luag kuj tseem nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Hauv pem teb uas lub tsev nyob yuav cuam tshuam tus nqi. Feem ntau, cov tsev nyob rau hauv av thiab cov pem teb saum toj kawg nkaus raug nqi tsawg dua cov nyob rau hauv plaub los yog thib tsib pem teb.

Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, cov pej xeem feem ntau nyiam yuav tsev nyob hauv tsev cib. Ntau tus neeg xaiv lub tsev vaj huam sib luag raws li kev muaj peev xwm nyiaj txiag.