Phosphorus chiv: npe, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Phosphoric chiv muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov ntxhia chiv. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv lawv belongs rau macronutrients uas cov qoob loo xav tau nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm loj-scale reclamation, cov av tau phosphated, ntev xyoo ntawm tsis siv cov chiv ua rau lub fact tias cov qoob loo tshem tawm lub caij no los ntawm lub substrate nrog sau, uas rov ua dua. lawv daim ntawv thov tsim nyog.

Lub tswvyim ntawm phosphate chiv

Ntxiv rau phosphorus, cov chiv no kuj muaj lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, kev xam thaum ua yog nqa tawm ntawm lub active tshuaj (a.i.). Cov nroj tsuag tsis nqus cov phosphorus, muaj rau lawv yog P₂O_{5. Ob peb kab lis kev cai muaj peev xwm rho tawm cov ntsiab lus no los ntawm cov sib txuas nyuaj. Lupine yog ib tug ntawm lawv.}

Assortment

Lub ntsiab phosphate chiv yog superphosphates(yooj yim thiab ob npaug) thiab phosphate pob zeb. Hom tom kawg muaj ntau qhov nyuaj-rau-mus txog macronutrient nyob rau hauv kev xav, yog li ntawd, nws yog txwv tsis pub siv. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm cov tshuaj reclamation ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj, txij li thaum lub sij hawm dhau mus, nyuaj-mus cuag phosphorus hloov mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yog yooj yim mus use rau cov nroj tsuag.

Txawm hais tias hauv khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov chiv uas xav tau rau ntau cov qoob loo, lawv txhua tus universal thiab siv tau rau txhua yam nroj tsuag.

Cia peb muab lub npe tseem ceeb ntawm phosphate chiv: superphosphate, borofoska (rog, muaj nyob rau hauv ntxiv rau phosphorus cov kab kawm boron), phosphate pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov macroelement no muaj nyob rau hauv complex thiab complex chiv: nitrophoska, azofoska, ammofoska thiab lwm yam.

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm superphosphate ua lub ntsiab phosphate chiv

Cov phosphate chiv no muaj phosphoric acid, monocalcium phosphate, magnesium thiab sulfur. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si hmoov thiab granular cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tom kawg yog suav tias ua haujlwm zoo dua. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm txhua qhov av thiab av rau txhua cov qoob loo. Nws pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas tso cai rau lawv tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.

Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov npe "Yooj Yim Superphosphate", uas muaj 19-20% AI, nrog rau "Ob chav Superphosphate", muaj txog 46% AI.

Fertilizer zoo duacoj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab filling ntawm cov av. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim ntawv yaj. Nws yog siv ob qho tib si rau cov qoob loo thiab rau zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries.

Yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov chiv thiab cov chiv uas muaj phosphorus

Diammophos rau cov neeg ua teb thiab cov neeg ua teb hu ua hydrophosphate. Nws muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm active ingredient. Nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog los muab cultivated nroj tsuag nrog no macronutrient, tab sis kuj neutralize av acidity. Thaum ua ke nrog cov organic chiv, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tau txais uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hauv paus hlawv, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau infused. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv pre-sowing hnav khaub ncaws. Hauv qab qos yaj ywm, ib teaspoon ntawm granules yog ntxiv rau lub qhov. Fertilization ntawm txiv lws suav los yog cucumbers yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm los ntawm kev thov nyob rau hauv yaj daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav. Qee lub sij hawm no phosphate chiv yog siv rau lub qhov ua ntej cog.

Borofoska, ntxiv rau phosphorus, muaj boron nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub caij no yuav tsum tau me ntsis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntau yam cultivated nroj tsuag. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub ntsiab hnav khaub ncaws, txij li thaum phosphorus muaj ib tug sparingly soluble daim ntawv. Cov chiv kuj tseem muaj calcium, uas pab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab txo cov acidity.

Kev faib tawm

Txhua daim ntawv suav tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:

• Dej soluble - yooj yim thiab ob chav superphosphate.
• Txiv thiabcitrate-soluble - precipitate, pob txha noj mov. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov sowing ua ntej.
• Sparingly soluble - vivianite thiab phosphate pob zeb. Lawv tsuas yog hnov qab nrog sulfuric lossis nitric acids, tsis yog nrog cov tsis muaj zog los ntawm cov chav kawm no.

Phosphorus tseem tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv cov chiv thiab cov chiv uas tsis yog ib qho macronutrient nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ob lossis peb, thiab kuj tseem muaj qee cov kab mob.

Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm phosphorus chiv

Lawv yog rau:

• nce qoob loo yields;
• txhim kho cov yam ntxwv organoleptic ntawm kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qoob loo;
• nrawm ntawm qhov hla ntawm lub sijhawm cuam tshuam;
• txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo cuam tshuam txog kab tsuag thiab kab mob;
• txhim kho kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb.

Raws li txoj cai, lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag rau kev qhia txog lub caij no, uas yog ib feem ntawm phosphate chiv, yog theem ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Qhov no yog vim lub sijhawm no cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws, xav tau kev noj haus ntxiv.

Lub sijhawm thov tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj-rau-mus rau hauv cov ntxhia chiv, phosphorus chiv yog siv ntawm ib koob ntawm 2/3-3/4 lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tillage nyob rau hauv industrial tej yam kev mob. Daim ntawv thov yog nqa tawm mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus system. Nyob rau hauv berry, woody thiab ornamental nroj tsuag, lawv yog coj ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub qhov. Cov qoob loo kab, xws li qos yaj ywm, beets, carrots, txiv lws suav, zaub qhwv, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xav tau cov khoom noj khoom haus no ntau tshaj plaws.

Cov neeg ua teb siv phosphate chiv rau qhov tob ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter'. Kev taw qhia yog ua los ntawm kev tsim cov voj voog nrog ib lub laum uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2-2.5 cm, tom qab li 1 meter. Granular hom ntawm cov rog no tsaug zog nyob rau hauv lawv. Thaum tsis muaj qhov xyaum, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom seem. Yuav kom yaj cov chiv, cov av yuav tsum nchuav nrog dej.

Nyob rau hauv ib tsob ntoo txiv apples, yuav tsum tau siv li 75 g ntawm superphosphate, thiab hauv qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj 200 g. Cov koob tshuaj piv rau ib tsob ntoo txiv apples yog siv hauv qab cherry. Hauv qab gooseberries thiab currants, ua kom txog li 50 g ib 1 meter. Yog hais tias cov chiv tau siv tib lub sijhawm, cov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem raug txiav ib nrab. Hauv lub vaj, cov chiv hauv nqe lus nug yog siv rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav.

Cov koob txhaj tshuaj yog qhov qhia tau thiab yuav tsum tau tsim raws li kev tshawb fawb agrochemical ntawm cov av, uas txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj rau cov nroj tsuag thiab xav tau rau txhua tus qoob loo hauv nws.

Pre-sowing thiab ua ntej sowing daim ntawv thov ntawm phosphate chiv

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, qhov seem 1/3-1/4 koob tshuaj phosphorus chiv yog siv rau pre-sowing hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov av. 10-15 kg ntawm active tshuaj ib hectare yog siv thaum lub sij hawm sowing, ib txhij nrog nws siv. Yog hais tias chiv muaj phosphorus nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yooj yim rau cov nroj tsuag, ces lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav coincide nrog pre-sowing fertilizer rau txhua xyoo.qoob loo.

Nyob

Yeej, kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog nqa nrog nitrogen chiv. Tab sis qee zaum yuav tsum tau siv ob qho tib si phosphorus thiab potassium chiv. Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam nrog phosphorus yog lub sijhawm paj. Lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum tau pub cov macronutrient no.

Cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab xav tau kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus raws li kev kuaj xyuas nplooj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los siv nws hauv cov phiaj xwm ntiag tug, yog li xav tau kev pub mis ntxiv nrog phosphorus chiv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pom cov cim.

Cov no suav nrog kev txhim kho qeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo. Lawv tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug ntsias tsos, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj muaj ib tug truncated tsos. Cov tom kawg tau txais ib qho xiav-ntsuab tint. Cov qis dua yuav siv cov tooj liab tsaus lossis ntshav-dub xim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nplooj curl thiab poob tawm, thiab cov xim liab doog tau sau rau ntawm petioles. Cov xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag kuj hloov, tab sis thaum tau txais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws lig dhau lawm pub cov nroj tsuag.

Tsis yog kev fertilization ntawm phosphorus txaus ntshai rau cov nroj tsuag, overfeeding kuj txaus ntshai rau lawv.

Cov chiv ntau dhau tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm nplooj tshiab. Lawv txawv me me thickness, lawv muaj interveinal chlorosis. Lawv cov saum thiab cov npoo muaj qhov chaw uas yuav tshwm sim hlawv.

Internodes nrog phosphorus ntau dhau ua luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas overfed nrog cov chiv, cov xim ntawm nplooj hloov mus rau ib tug darker. Ntawmib qho dhau ntawm cov khoom no txo qhov tawm los. Cov nplooj qis yog curled nrog me ntsis.

Yog li, daim ntawv thov ntawm phosphate chiv tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.

Kev tsim cov khoom hluavtaws ntawm phosphate chiv

Lawv ntau lawm yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov chiv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas yog phosphorus ore, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm phosphorites lossis apatites.

txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov phosphate chiv pib nrog kev ua kom huv ntawm ore los ntawm impurities. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog crushed mus rau lub xeev floury, saturated nrog ntau yam acids, xws li phosphoric, nitric thiab sulfuric. Tom qab ntawd nqa tawm qhov txo qis ntawm phosphates, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim kho qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tau txais cov khoom siv hluavtaws phosphate chiv.

Nyob hauv kaw

Ntau tus neeg ua teb nug cov lus nug: "Puas yog cov tshuaj phosphorus?" Cov no suav nrog xws li chiv, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog phosphorus. Raws li qhov no, ib feem ntawm cov complex thiab complex chiv kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau phosphorus chiv. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm natural ores. Lub ntsiab hom siv rau daim ntawv thov ntawm tej av yog superphosphate. Phosphorite hmoov tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj reclamation. Fertilizing nrog phosphate chiv yog nqa tawm raws li nplooj kab mob los yog pom cov tsos mob, uas tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawm cultivated nroj tsuag.