Lub tsev tshiab lossis "secondary": dab tsi zoo dua los yuav?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas ntau tus neeg yuav khoom hauv tsev muaj yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev tshiab thiab lub tsev "secondary". Kev xaiv yog qhov nyuaj heev yog tias tus nqi ntawm ob hom tsev tsis txawv ntau. Txhua qhov kev xaiv muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, yog li kev yuav tsev yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj lub luag haujlwm. Qhov no yog chav tsev, tom qab tag nrho, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau pua txhiab daus las.

Lub tsev tshiab lossis "secondary" - qhov twg zoo dua?

Lub tsev tseem ceeb yog ib chav tsev uas tsis tau sau npe rau leej twg. Qhov tseeb, lawv feem ntau sim muag cov tsev uas tseem tsis tau tsim ua thawj vaj tsev.

Nco ntsoov tias kev muag cov tsev nyob hauv tsev uas nyuam qhuav tsim lossis npaj rau kev txhim kho yog tswj hwm los ntawm Txoj Cai No 214-FZ. Txoj cai lij choj no yuam kom tus neeg tsim khoom tsim lub tsev thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, hloov cov neeg koom nrog (cov neeg yuav khoom) cov chav tsev (cov khoom) ruaj hauv daim ntawv cog luskev tsim kho).

Tom qab muab lub tsev tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, daim ntawv lees paub ntawm cov khoom raug kos npe. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau sau npe cov tswv cuab ntawm chav tsev nyob hauv lub tsev tshiab. Tom qab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub xeev, cov xwm txheej ntawm vaj tse yuav hloov pauv ntawm thawj zaug mus rau theem nrab.

"ob txhais tes" yog dab tsi?

Reseller vaj tsev yog ib chav tsev uas yog ib tug neeg, uas yog, nws yog cov cuab yeej ntawm ib tug neeg los yog ib tug raws li txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tsev yuav yog private, municipal los yog xeev. Tab sis nws tseem yog lub tsev thib ob. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias cov chav tsev tshiab uas tau tsim rau 6 lub hlis lossis ib xyoos dhau los tau raug suav hais tias yog tsev nyob theem nrab, txawm tias qhov tseeb lawv yog cov tshiab. Yog li ntawd, thawj zaug nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua - lub tsev tshiab lossis "secondary", vim tias ob chav tsev tuaj yeem ua tau tshiab.

Raws li cov tsev nyob hauv nroog, cov neeg tuaj yeem nyob ntawd los ntawm kev sib cog lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub xeev, tab sis cov vaj tsev nyob uas lawv nyob tseem suav tias yog qhov thib ob, vim lawv tseem muaj tus tswv - lub nroog.

Cov Cai rau kev sib piv ob hom tsev

Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua los yuav - "tsev kawm theem nrab" lossis lub tsev tshiab, vim tias tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo rau thawj vaj tsev nyob hauv tsev thib ob. Txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab cov xwm txheej. Yog tias koj xav ua qhov kev xaiv zoo thiab thaum kawg txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej qhov twg muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua - "secondary" lossis lub tsev tshiab, tom qab ntawdxav txog cov hauv qab no:

1. Nyiaj. Yog hais tias peb tham txog "thawj", ces muaj ib tug qauv: tus nqi ib square meter ntawm vaj tse nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev. Thaum ntxov tshaj plaws, tus nqi ib square meter yuav qis, thiab qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov vaj tsev nyob. Tus nqi ntawm "thib ob txhais tes" yog ib txwm siab dua, thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los coj tus nqi tas li no.
2. sijhawm. Thaum yuav tsev nyob theem nrab, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv nws tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev sib pauv. Tab sis nrog rau "thawj" nws yog tsis tau. Yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom xaus lus thiab yuav ib lub tsev nyob rau theem ntawm kev khawb ib lub qhov hauv paus, ces koj yuav tau tos ob xyoos ntxiv. Yog tias koj xaus qhov kev cog lus ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim kho tiav, ces tus nqi ib square meter yuav siab dua, tab sis koj yuav tau tos li ntawm peb mus rau plaub lub hlis xwb.
3. Kev nqis peev. Thaum muas vaj tse nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tshiab, nws yog muab rau cov neeg yuav khoom rau ib tug ntxhib finish. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tau nqis peev nyiaj ntau hauv kev kho, kev yuav khoom siv hauv tsev, kev yuav khoom thiab rooj tog zaum. Thaum muas ib chav tsev nyob rau theem nrab tsev lag luam, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov tsev kho kom zoo dua qub. Thiab txawm hais tias kev kho feem ntau pheej yig lossis qub, xws li chav tsev yog qhov zoo nkauj heev. Yog li qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nqis peev ntxiv yog cuam tshuam thaum xaiv vaj tsev.
4. Assortment. Lub tsev lag luam theem nrab yog dav dua, thiab muaj ntau qhov kev thov ntawm no. Feem ntau cov chaw ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tsev tshiab tau yuav nyob rau theem ntawm kev khawb. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov kev xaiv tsis zoo tshaj plaws nyob twj ywm muag.
5. Sau npe. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub tsev tshiab, vim hais tias thiaj li yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv tso cai nyob, koj yuav tsum muajdaim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sau npe ntawm cov tswv cuab, lossis muaj ib tus txheeb ze uas twb tau sau npe hauv pej xeem vaj tse.
6. Tau nyiaj tau los. Nws twb tau sau saum toj no tias tus nqi ib square meter loj hlob ncaj qha rau theem ntawm kev tsim kho. Yog li ntawd, thaum kev nqis peev nyob rau hauv lub excavation theem, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev nyob rau yav tom ntej yuav ua tau ib tug profit txog li 30% ib xyoos twg. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem yog tias kev tsim kho mus yam tsis muaj kev ncua. Tus nqi ntawm tsev nyob theem nrab tsis tuaj yeem lav kom loj hlob, tab sis nws hloov pauv vim yog kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem khwv tau nyiaj ntawm chav tsev thib ob los ntawm kev xauj nws tawm. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xam cov nyiaj tau los ntawm qhov no. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm tus nqi, cheeb tsam thiab ntau lwm yam.
7. Muaj. "Secondary" los yog lub tsev tshiab tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv lub tsev qiv nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev qiv nyiaj qiv rau ib chav tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev tshiab, muaj ntau yam teeb meem sib txawv. Cov tsev txhab nyiaj sim tsis tso nyiaj qiv rau kev yuav cov chav tsev uas tseem tsis tau ua tiav, vim muaj kev pheej hmoo tias lawv yuav tsis ua tiav txhua. Ib lossis ntau lub tsev txhab nyiaj feem ntau tuaj yeem muab cov nyiaj qiv no, thiab cov xwm txheej rau qhov no yuav tsis zoo. Feem ntau, tus nqi rau thawj vaj tsev yog 2-3% siab dua piv rau tus nqi rau tsev nyob theem nrab.
8. Txoj cai purity. Thaum yuav lub tsev tshiab, koj tuaj yeem ua tau 100% tseeb tias nws huv si los ntawm kev pom zoo. Tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv nws ua ntej, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm no yog tus tswv tshiab. Cov tsev nyob hauv lub khw thib ob muaj cov tswv, qee zaum ob peb. Thiab feem ntau nws tsis paub tias lawv yog cov neeg zoo li cas thiab lawv ua dab tsi hauv chav tsev.

Dhau li ntawd, hauv cov tsev tshiab yeej ib txwm muaj kev sib txuas lus tshiab thiab engineering systems. Hauv kev ua lag luam thib ob, kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem hnav tawm thiab yuav tsum tau hloov pauv, yog li qhov no yog qhov zoo dua rau lub tsev tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom "thawj", muaj feem tsawg heev uas tus neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj lossis haus cawv yuav nyob ze.

Risks

Thaum yuav ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tshiab tab tom tsim, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias lub tuam txhab kev tsim kho yuav poob thiab kev tsim kho yuav tsis tiav. Hauv qhov no, koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa koj cov nyiaj rov qab. Nws yog unrealistic kom pom. Kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsim kho ncua kev xa khoom vaj tsev, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj dab tsi txog nws. Tau kawg, tsoomfwv tab tom sim txo qhov kev pheej hmoo no los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog kev cai lij choj ntawm kev tuav pov hwm ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Tab sis tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab txawm tias ncua sij hawm rau kev nplua tsis txwv tus tsim tawm los ntawm ncua sij hawm. Thaum xaiv ib lub tsev tshiab lossis "secondary", koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov kev pheej hmoo no. Tab sis yog tias tus tsim tawm tau ntseeg siab thiab muaj txoj cai, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tau txais vaj tsev los ntawm nws yuav txo qis.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv kev lag luam vaj tsev theem nrab ib yam nkaus. Lawv muaj feem xyuam rau kev ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev muag khoom. Daim ntawv cog lus no tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm hauv tsev hais plaub tom qab tus neeg yuav khoom tau them tag nrho cov nyiaj. Tseem muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov neeg thib peb uas muaj kev ua tswv cuab raws cai ntawm vaj tse tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev muag khoom yuav raug txiav rov qab, thiab kev sib pauv yuav raug tshaj tawm tsis raug. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav poob koj cov nyiaj thiabnyob tsis muaj tsev nyob. Hmoov zoo, tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kws lij choj uas muaj peev xwm, tab sis nws cov kev pabcuam tuaj yeem kim.

Pros of a new building

Cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev tshiab muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:

1. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Qhov no txhais tsis tau hais tias lawv ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha.
2. Lawv tsim tau zoo thiab yuav luag txhua qhov dav.
3. Qhov kev teeb tsa tau yooj yim thiab ua raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no.
4. Kev tsaws yog huv si thiab loj. Tib yam siv rau kev nkag.
5. Txhua chav tsev muaj ob chav glazed.
6. Dej thiab roj ntsuas txhua qhov chaw.
7. Muaj elevator ua haujlwm, qee lub tsev txawm muaj elevator.
8. Muaj chaw nres tsheb hauv av thiab hauv vaj.

Tus nqi ntawm lub tsev tshiab yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb

Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no me me piv rau qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - tus nqi. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm thawj vaj tsev muab tus nqi. Yog hais tias koj yuav xws li ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv lub excavation theem, ces ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab lub tsev yuav raug nqi 30% tsawg tshaj li ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lub tsev lag luam. Ntawd yog, yog tias qhov zoo "secondary" raug nqi 100 txhiab rubles (tus nqi yog coj los ua piv txwv), ces tib "thawj" yuav raug nqi tsuas yog 70 txhiab. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws yuav tau tos txog ib xyoos lossis ob zaug.

Chaw nyob thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg

Ib qho kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo"primaries" - thaj chaw nyob loj. Cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub muab rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw loj. Piv txwv li, qhov nrov tshaj plaws tshiab vaj huam sib luag tsev nyob rau hauv Russia (P-44T series) muab rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus cheeb tsam rau ib chav tsev sib npaug zos rau 38 "squares". Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev vaj huam sib luag qub, thaj tsam ntawm ib chav tsev yuav yog 30-33 square meters. Qhov no yog tus qauv thaum lub tsev qub no tau tsim.

Tseem tsis paub qhov twg zoo dua - "ob txhais tes" lossis lub tsev tshiab? Tom qab ntawd ntawm no yog lwm qhov kev sib cav rau koj: hauv cov tsev tshiab, cov kev cai tshiab kev nyab xeeb raug soj ntsuam, cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov khoom siv tau siv. Kuj tseem muaj qhov lav rau qee lub ntsiab lus: qab nthab, cov khoom siv engineering, phab ntsa thiab qhov rais. Yog tias nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos tus neeg xauj tsev ntsib teeb meem uas tsis cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm tsis raug ntawm vaj tsev, ces nws tuaj yeem tiv tauj tus tsim tawm thiab thov kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab them nyiaj rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim.

kev huv huv ntawm vaj tse

Thaum xaiv lub tsev yuav yuav - lub tsev tshiab lossis "thib ob", koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsev nyob theem nrab yuav muaj "dub dhau los" hauv keeb kwm. Tab sis cov tsev tshiab raug cai ib txwm huv si, thiab koj tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb tias qee tus txheeb ze ntawm tus neeg muag khoom muaj cai rau koj chav tsev yuav tshwm sim. Qhov kev pheej hmoo nkaus xwb yog txuam nrog qhov ua tau poob nyiaj thaum lub sij hawm tsim vaj tse nyob rau theem ntawm excavation. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem nrog tus tsim tawm hais txog qhov kev siv ntawm engineering networks los yog cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no tsuas yog ncua lub sij hawm rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov tshwm sim uas tus tsim tawm yuav poob qis yog qhov tsawg. Feem ntau, nws yuav raug pov hwm tiv thaiv kev lag luam tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau muaj kev tu siab thaum, vim qee yam, tus tsim khoom khov cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg uas yuav cov tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev tsis tiav tsis tau txais lawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab cov nyiaj rov qab.

Infrastructure thiab landscaping

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tshiab, muaj lub caij nyoog nkag mus rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub nroog nrog kev tsim kho tsis zoo. Feem ntau, tus tsim tawm pib ua haujlwm hauv tsev nyob, thiab tsuas yog xyoo tom qab khw, tsev kawm ntawv, kindergartens thiab lwm yam khoom tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav cov vaj tsev zoo li no, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias thaum xub thawj koj yuav tsum tau mus rau khoom noj khoom haus. Txawm hais tias yog ib lub tsev tshiab tab tom ua hauv plawv nroog, ces tus nqi ntawm chav tsev yuav siab heev.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis muaj kev pabcuam. Ib chav tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev tshiab yog lub thawv pob zeb txawm tias tsis muaj kev siv hluav taws xob. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyob ntawm no, yog li koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev nyiaj thiab siv zog hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse.

Pros of "secondary"

Thaum xaiv lub tsev tshiab lossis "thib ob", koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov vaj tsev tom kawg. Cia peb pib nrog qhov zoo:

1. Lub peev xwm tam sim ntawd txav mus rau hauv chav tsev uas koj nyuam qhuav yuav.
2. Nyob hauv ib chav tsev no yuav muaj kev sib txuas lus engineering thiab kho qee yam, uas twb tso cai rau koj nyob ntawm no.
3. ntau yam. Lub tsev lag luam theem nrab yog qhov loj, thiab koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntau yam kev xaiv. Thiab nws yog ua taunrhiav ib chav tsev uas nyob ze ntawm lub metro thiab pom qhov zoo ntawm qhov rais.

Cons ntawm cov tsev nyob rau theem nrab tsev lag luam

Tau kawg, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no feem ntau thawb cov neeg yuav khoom los xav txog kev lag luam vaj tsev thib ob. Tab sis, tham txog qhov twg chav tsev zoo dua - lub tsev tshiab lossis "secondary", koj yuav tsum tau taw qhia qhov tsis zoo:

1. Tus nqi siab ib square meter.
2. Ib zaj dab neeg ntev uas yuav zais qhov tseeb tsis zoo. Txhawm rau twv yuav raug hu yuav vaj tsev zoo yam tsis muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev hauv ib tus kws lij choj uas tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas keeb kwm thiab "kev huv" ntawm chav tsev.
3. Cov phab ntsa tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj zog dhau ntawm lawv lub neej.
4. Kev sib txuas lus hauv engineering yog qub thiab yuav tsum tau hloov sai sai, lossis lawv yuav ua haujlwm rau lwm xyoo caum.

Kev poob ntawm lub tsev raws li qhov ua tau tsis zoo

Txawm li cas los xij, cov phab ntsa tsis muaj zog thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas tau ua 20-25 xyoo dhau los. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, nws cov xwm txheej yuav tsis zoo, yog li ntawd, thaum yuav lub tsev, nws raug nquahu kom kuaj xyuas cov tshuab engineering thiab lub zog ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov kws tshaj lij. Qee lub sij hawm qhov xwm txheej yuav tshwm sim yog li koj yuav tsum tau siv ib nrab ntawm cov nqi ntawm chav tsev los hloov kev sib txuas lus thiab ua haujlwm kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv ntawm lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog seb lub tsev twg zoo dua los yuav - "secondary" lossis lub tsev tshiab. Muaj pluses thiab minuses ob qho tib si muaj thiab muaj. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom generalize qhov twg yog zoo dua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib piv cov tsev tshwj xeeb hauv lub tsev qub thiab lub tsev tshiab.

Kev tshuaj xyuas puas tseem ceeb?

Cov txheej txheem kawg uas yuav pab koj xaiv qhov muag lossis lub tsev tshiab yog cov lus pom los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thiab cov neeg yuav khoom! Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg tsim khoom tab tom tsim lub tsev tshiab, nco ntsoov nyeem cov lus tshuaj xyuas txog nws. Cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem hais lus tsis zoo txog nws, raws li yav dhau los nws tau ncua sijhawm rau kev tsim kho. Yog tias tus tsim tawm tshiab, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau nws, tab sis yog tias nws muaj lub koob npe nrov thiab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo, nws tuaj yeem ntseeg tau.