CIF cov ntsiab lus: nta, txhais lus, faib lub luag haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txhua tus neeg ua lag luam, xaus qhov kev pom zoo kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tau dhau los ntawm cov cai ntawm Incoterms, 2010 (qhov no yog tsab ntawv tshaj tawm), uas tswj hwm kev them nqi thauj khoom, kev hloov pauv kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus muag khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom thiab qhov tseeb hloov ntawm cov khoom. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, txhais cov yam ntxwv thiab xav txog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev faib cov dej num hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm CIF cov ntsiab lus.

nqe lus xa khoom

Incoterms rules, 2010 muaj plaub pawg lus:

• E - taw tes ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom - lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom / tus muag khoom. Kev thauj khoom yog nqa los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Tsuas muaj ib lo lus EXW hauv pawg no xwb.
• F - tus neeg yuav khoom them rau tus neeg nqa khoom cov kev pabcuam, thiab tus muag khoom xa cov khoom xa mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
• C - tus neeg muag khoom them rau cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom loj. Pab pawg no suav nrog cov xwm txheej uas peb tab tom xav txogkhoom xa tuaj CIF.
• D - hloov cov khoom hauv thaj chaw ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Shipping los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom.

Txoj cai ntawm Incoterms, 2010 muaj kaum ib nqe lus ntawm cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom, xya qhov uas siv rau kev thauj mus los, thiab plaub - tsuas yog mus rau hiav txwv.

Saib nrawm ntawm txhua nqe lus:

1. EXW (ex ua haujlwm) - ex-warehouse. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg xa khoom, vim tias txhua lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lub tsev khaws khoom thiab rau kev dhau los ntawm kev xa tawm cov lus dag nrog tus neeg yuav khoom.
2. FCA (free carrier) - tus cab kuj dawb. Tus neeg yuav khoom ntiav ib tus neeg nqa khoom uas muaj terminals hauv lub tebchaws tawm mus. Tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm yog npaj cov khoom xa tawm thiab xa cov khoom mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg.

3. CPT (carriage pad to) - xa khoom them rau qhov ntawd thiab qhov taw tes. Lub sij hawm no imposes them nqi ntawm freight mus rau lub point ntawm tuaj txog ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Tom qab ntawd, tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj tos cov khoom los ntawm qhov chaw tuaj txog thiab ua kev lis kev cai. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, tus neeg yuav khoom them nyiaj pov hwm ntawm cov khoom.

4. CIP (lub tsheb thauj mus thiab kev tuav pov hwm them rau….) - shipping thiab nyiaj pov hwm them rau. Ib lo lus zoo ib yam li cov nqe lus ntawm CPT, tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev pov hwm them nyiaj los ntawm tus muag khoom.
5. DAT (xa khoom ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg) - xa mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Koj tuaj yeem tsis meej pem cov ntsiab lus DAT thiab CPT. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv yog tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm DAT, tus neeg muag khoom xa cov khoom ntawm nws tus kheej cov nqi, dais tus nqi ntawm kev tuav pov hwm, mus rau kev lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm qhov chaw. Kev lav ris ntxiv dhau lawmrau tus neeg yuav khoom.
6. DAP (xa khoom ntawm qhov chaw) - xa mus rau qhov chaw, raws li daim ntawv cog lus. Pawg D txhais tau hais tias lub luag haujlwm thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus muag khoom mus rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Kev lis kev cai thiab se yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.

7. DDP (lub luag haujlwm them them) - shipping thiab se them. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, vim tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem xa khoom los ntawm nws lub tsev rau khoom mus rau cov neeg siv khoom lub tsev khaws khoom. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg yuav khoom tsis them tus nqi thauj lossis kev lis kev cai.

8. FAS (dawb nrog lub nkoj). Lo lus no, zoo li tag nrho cov tom ntej no, tsuas yog hais txog kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv. Cov khoom thauj yog xa mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm kev thauj khoom ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj khoom thiab thauj mus los ntxiv.
9. FOB (free onboard). Tus neeg muag khoom tsis yog tsuas yog xa mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom thauj hiav txwv, tab sis kuj rov thauj khoom.
10. CFR (tus nqi thiab freight). Tus neeg muag khoom them rau kev xa khoom mus rau qhov teev tseg. Tus neeg yuav khoom them nyiaj pov hwm thiab them nqi rov qab.
11. CIF (tus nqi, kev tuav pov hwm thiab freight). Cov xwm txheej no zoo ib yam li yav dhau los. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm CIF thiab CFR cov ntsiab lus yog kev pov hwm ntxiv rau tus neeg muag khoom tus nqi (ntxiv rau kev xa khoom).

CIF txhais li cas: transcript

CIF cov ntsiab lus ntawm Incoterms, 2010 xa mus rau pawg C. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm tus neeg muag khoom tus nqi. Lo lus no tsuas yog siv rau kev thauj mus los ntawm hiav txwv. Los ntawm lus Askiv, lub sij hawm nqi,Insurance thiab freight txhais tau tias "tus nqi, kev tuav pov hwm thiab kev xa khoom."

Kev xa khoom (raws li CIF)

Hais txog kev xa khoom CIF Incoterms, 2010, nws xav tias tus neeg muag khoom xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm nws tus kheej cov nqi. Hauv qhov no, nws xaiv tus neeg nqa khoom nws tus kheej. Tus neeg muag khoom yuav raug them tus nqi thauj khoom, kev tshem tawm, kev pov hwm thiab xa khoom.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob tog

Yuav kom nkag siab CIF lub sij hawm kom ntxaws thiab nkag siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv cog lus CIF, koj yuav tsum muaj cov lus teb meej rau cov lus nug hauv qab no:

• Tus neeg ua haujlwm twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa khoom?
• Tus neeg koom tes twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem kev lis kev cai hauv lub tebchaws tawm mus thiab qhov chaw?
• Tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm xa khoom kawg nyob qhov twg?
• Thaum twg lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom dhau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom-muag mus rau tog yuav?
• Tus neeg muag khoom yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj xa cov khoom rau tus neeg yuav khoom?

Tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm raug rau CIF

Tus neeg muag khoom pom tus neeg nqa khoom thiab ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus rau kev xa khoom ntawm hiav txwv. Tus nqi thauj khoom yuav tsum tau sib tham ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg nqa khoom.

Tus neeg muag khoom npaj cov khoom thauj rau kev xa tawm: them tag nrho cov nyiaj xa tawm thiab xa cov khoom thauj mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj tawm mus. Nws kuj them tag nrho cov nqi uas cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom, kos cov ntawv pov hwm txoj cai rau cov khoom thiab them tus nqi ntawm kev pov hwm cov khoom rau lub sijhawm xa khoom.

Lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom dhau los ntawm tus muag khoom mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tawm mus.

Tus neeg yuav lub luag haujlwm raug rau CIF

Tus neeg yuav khoom muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev ntshuam cov khoom mus rau hauv lub tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw, npaj unloading ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev lis kev cai clearance ntawm cov khoom thiab them cov nqi thiab se rau imports nyob rau hauv lub lub teb chaws ntawm qhov chaw.

Kuj, tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom thauj, nws kos npe rau cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia txog kev ua tiav ntawm tus neeg muag khoom.

Ntxiv rau, tus neeg yuav khoom npaj cov khoom xa tuaj rau lawv lub tsev rau khoom thiab them nyiaj rau cov khoom, raws li cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev lag luam.

Kev hloov lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom

Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv kom meej ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov tswv cuab thiab hloov lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom.

Lub sijhawm ib ntus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tswv cuab yog sib tham ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv daim ntawv cog lus ua lag luam txawv teb chaws. Cov khoom tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj, thiab thaum tau txais cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj tuaj txog hauv rooj plaub ntawm tsab ntawv credit. Thaum twg cov khoom yuav dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom yog nyob ntawm kev sib cog lus ntawm cov neeg koom tes thiab cov nqe lus ntawm kev them nyiaj.

Raws li CIF cov xwm txheej, lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom thauj, nrog rau nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tiav, dhau los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom tom qab cov khoom tau thauj mus rau hauv lub nkoj. Rau qhov no, daim ntawv pov hwm tus qauv yog muab (100% ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thauj ntxiv 10%)rau tag nrho cov load. Yog xav tau, tus neeg yuav khoom muaj txoj cai los nce cov nyiaj pov hwm thiab pov hwm kev pheej hmoo ntxiv, tab sis ntawm nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis.

Dab tsi suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntawm CIF nqe lus

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus ua lag luam txawv teb chaws, uas tau muab los ntawm CIF cov nqe lus, suav nrog cov nqi hauv qab no:

• Ntim cov khoom thiab siv cov cim tsim nyog.
• Ntawm chaw thau khoom thiab xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw tawm mus.
• Raws li kev lis kev cai hauv lub tebchaws ntawm kev xa tawm.
• Thaum thauj cov khoom rau ntawm lub nkoj.
• Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tuaj txog.
• kev tuav pov hwm freight.

Kev cai lij choj ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm CIF nqe lus

Cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom yog sau rau hauv kab lus ntawm tib lub npe nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov tseeb version of Incoterms (piv txwv li, Incoterms, 2010).

Tsis tas li hauv kab lus no, koj yuav tsum qhia "chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj" thiab "Point hauv chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj".

Ntxiv rau cov luag haujlwm thiab cov cai ntawm cov neeg koom nrog, nrog rau cov nqe lus ntawm kev them nyiaj, lub sijhawm hloov ntawm cov tswv cuab tau qhia meej.

CIF cov xwm txheej xav tias thaum lub sijhawm teev tus neeg yuav khoom yuav npaj kom tshem tawm lub nkoj sai. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom, tsaws yog ntxiv rau lub sijhawm CIF. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom thauj tsis yog tsuas yog xa mus rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj xwb, tab sis kuj tsis thauj khoom.

Daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsum tau hais tias tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj cai pov hwm yog tus yuav, yog li thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom, nws tuaj yeem thov rau lub tuam txhab pov hwm ntawm nws tus kheej.

Txoj kev tshaj tawmCov khoom ntawm CIF nqe lus

Tus nqi kev lis kev cai ntawm cov khoom raws li thawj txoj hauv kev yog cov nqi ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej, tus nqi ntawm nws cov khoom xa tuaj, kev pov hwm, kev thauj khoom thiab lwm yam nqi them los yog them los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.

Dab tsi ntawm kev txiav txim siab tus nqi kev lis kev cai tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, xav txog kev xa khoom raws li CIF Incoterms, 2010? Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv CIF tej yam kev mob, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom twb muaj xws li cov nqi ntawm tus me nyuam thiab cargo insurance. Tus nqi kev lis kev cai, nqi thiab se yuav raug xam raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.

Tab sis tus nqi kev lis kev cai yuav tsum tsis suav nrog cov nqi uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, uas yog, kev thauj mus los thiab kev tuav pov hwm tus nqi txij li lub sijhawm tuaj txog hauv thaj chaw ntawm Kev lis kev cai mus rau qhov chaw tiag tiag.

Yog li ntawd, thaum tshaj tawm cov khoom, cov nuj nqis ntawm qhov chaw mus txog rau qhov chaw nres tsheb raug txiav tawm ntawm tus nqi them nqi (muab tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom).