2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub neej niaj hnub no yuav tsis xis nyob tsis muaj PVC. Nws yog dab tsi rau kev lag luam niaj hnub no? PVC qhov chaw niaj hnub no suav txog txog li 15 kilograms ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm lub tsheb nruab nrab nyob sab Europe, cov khoom siv no yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv (pob, khaub ncaws, khau, rooj tog zaum, flooring, credit cards, etc.)
Tshuaj kuj tau siv PVC rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo. Dab tsi nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev xa mus rau ntau yam khoom siv pov tseg. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov thawv ntim tshuaj, cov pob txha, cov hnab looj tes phais, catheters, cov khoom siv pub mis, cov thawv ntim ntshav. Cov khoom no yog pheej yig, ua tau zoo hloov roj hmab thiab iav, yog yooj yim sterilized, thiab siv tau rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Yog peb saib cov khoom uas peb muaj nyob hauv peb lub tsev, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm PVC. Nws yuav ua li cas? Polyvinyl chloride feem ntau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, cov kav dej, qhov rais profiles, cov khoom ua si me nyuam yaus, cov khoom siv ntim khoom, cov xov tooj ntawm tes, lub raj mis yas, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi ua rau PVC nthuav dav? Nws yog dab tsi los ntawm kev xav ntawm chemical? Raws li nws cov qauv (-CH2-CHCl-) nyob rau hauv qib n (degree ntawm polymerization), PVC yog ib tug hluavtaws polymer, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim sawv daws yuav thiab yog tsim los ntawm chlorine thiab roj (57 thiab 43 feem pua, feem). Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm tsawg dua li ib nrab nyob ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv roj av, uas ua rau cov khoom siv no tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab nws cov nqi qis.
Polyvinyl chloride hauv nws cov tsos yog cov hmoov dawb nrog cov khoom zoo dielectric. Nws tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis qab, insoluble hauv dej, tiv taus oxidation, hlawv tsis zoo (vim cov tshuaj chlorine hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg), resistant rau acids, ntxhia roj, alkalis, cawv. Thaum rhuab mus rau 100 degrees C, cov khoom decomposes nrog kev tso tawm ntawm hydrogen chloride.
Kev tsim cov PVC pib nrog kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine los ntawm kev daws cov tshuaj sodium chloride (los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob tawm). Nyob rau hauv parallel, ethylene yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov roj (ib txoj kev hu ua "cracking"). Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj chlorine thiab ethylene sib xyaw ua ke los ua ethylene dichloride. Nyob rau hauv lem, vinyl chloride (monomer) yog tsim los ntawm dichloride, uas yog tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm polymerization txheej txheem. Ntau yam khoom siv ntxiv rau nws, tso cai rau koj kom tau txaisCov khoom tiav nrog qee yam khoom rau kev lag luam.
PVC cov tuam txhab siv peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau polymerization ntawm monomers: thaiv, ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab emulsion. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ncua kev kawm ntawv yog siv kom tau cov mos, semi-rigid thiab rigid plastics, thiab emulsions yog siv rau cov khoom muag muag tau los ntawm plastisols. Nyob ntawm qhov tsis muaj lossis muaj cov plasticizers hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, cov khoom tsis muaj plasticized thiab plasticized yog tsim, feem. Thawj yog tsis tshua muaj resistant rau qhov kub thiab txias (txog li 15 degrees C), thaum lub thib ob muaj peev xwm tiv taus txias mus rau -60 degrees. Niaj hnub no, qhov teeb meem ceev tshaj plaws cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj no yog lawv cov khoom sau thiab pov tseg.
Pom zoo:
Them nyiaj txhua hnub. Ua haujlwm rau txhua hnub
Txhua tus xav kom muaj txoj haujlwm zoo nrog nyiaj hli zoo, tab sis nws puas yog? deb ntawm nws. Nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm nrhiav tsis tau tsuas yog ib txoj hauj lwm nrog cov nyiaj hli zoo, tab sis kuj tsuas yog cov nyiaj hli txhua hli. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog them txhua hnub. Ua hauj lwm nrog daim ntawv no ntawm kev suav yog ua ntau thiab nrov ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg
ID Debt yog dab tsi? Hnub kawg rau them nuj nqis ntawm ID yog dab tsi? cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
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Cov neeg siv khoom lag luam yog ib feem ntawm peb lub neej txhua hnub
Cov kab lus nthuav tawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, muab kev faib tawm ntawm kev lag luam, cov lus qhia ntawm kev txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom lag luam nyob rau theem tam sim no. Ministry of Consumer Market thiab Kev Pabcuam ntawm Moscow Cheeb Tsam tswj hwm thaj chaw no
Polypropylene - yog dab tsi? Txhais, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub
Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tshuab cua sov nrog koj tus kheej tes los ntawm polypropylene. Cov khoom yog pheej yig thiab lub teeb yuag. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov ntsiab lus txuas thiab nkag siab txog txoj kev teeb tsa. Rau cov kav dej soldering, cov khoom yuav tsum raug txiav kom loj. Cov pob qij txha yuav tsum sib npaug thiab muaj lub kaum sab xis. Cov seem yog degreased, chips raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw tom qab txiav
Cable lugs tooj. Lawv yog dab tsi, dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no?
Ib kab lus hais txog vim li cas tooj liab cable lugs siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub no. Cov khoom no muaj dab tsi, cov txiaj ntsig dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau niaj hnub tsim khoom? Lawv puas tuaj yeem pab tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov lus qhia ua haujlwm dab tsi?
