Tau txais phenol: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb

Tau txais phenol: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb
Tau txais phenol: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb

Video: Tau txais phenol: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb

Video: Tau txais phenol: txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb
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Phenol yog cov xim tsis muaj xim crystalline nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj no yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov dyes, plastics, ntau yam hluavtaws fibers (tsuas yog nylon). Ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm petrochemical kev lag luam, phenol zus tau tej cov tsuas yog los ntawm thee tars. Tau kawg, txoj kev no tsis tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam booming hauv phenol, uas tam sim no tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm yuav luag txhua yam khoom nyob ib puag ncig peb.

Tau txais phenol
Tau txais phenol

Phenol, qhov kev tsim tawm uas tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau sai vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam khoom tshiab thiab cov khoom siv, uas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, yog siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm phenol-formaldehyde resin. Thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm phenolics. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov phenol tau ua tiav rau hauv cyclohexanol, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws hauv kev lag luam.scales.

Tau txais phenol los ntawm benzene
Tau txais phenol los ntawm benzene

Lwm daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm phenol yog kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm creosols, uas yog synthesized rau hauv creosol formaldehyde resin, siv los ua ntau yam tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab antioxidants. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no kev tsim cov phenol nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm petrochemistry. Ntau txoj hauv kev twb tau tsim los tsim cov tshuaj no hauv cov ntim txaus. Cia peb nyob ntawm lub ntsiab.

Txoj kev qub tshaj plaws thiab muaj pov thawj tshaj plaws yog txoj kev ua kom alkali yaj, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev noj ntau ntawm sulfuric acid rau sulfonation ntawm benzene thiab caustic, tom qab ntawd lawv fusion rau hauv benzenesulfonatrium ntsev, los ntawm cov khoom no ncaj qha sib cais.. Kev tsim cov phenol los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm benzene chlorination ua raws li saponification ntawm chlorobenzene nrog sodium hydroxide yog cov txiaj ntsig tsuas yog tias muaj hluav taws xob ntau pheej yig xav tau rau kev tsim cov caustic thiab chlorine. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov xav tau los tsim kev kub siab (tsawg kawg yog peb puas cua sov) thiab cov khoom siv corrosion kuj tseem ceeb heev.

Phenol. Daim ntawv txais nyiaj
Phenol. Daim ntawv txais nyiaj

Ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub no yog kom tau txais phenol los ntawm decomposition ntawm isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide. Muaj tseeb, cov tswv yim rau kev cais cov khoom xav tau ntawm no yog qhov nyuaj, vim nws koom nrog kev tsim ua ntej ntawm hydroperoxide los ntawm txoj kev ntawm benzene alkylation nrog cov tshuaj propylene. Ntxiv mus, thev naus laus zis muab rau oxidation ntawm qhov tshwm simisopropylbenzene nrog cua sib tov kom txog thaum hydroperoxide tsim. Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb, acetone, ua ke nrog phenol.

Tseem muaj ib txoj hauv kev rau kev cais cov phenol los ntawm coke thiab semi-coke tars ntawm cov khoom siv roj. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo phenol, tab sis kuj txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hydrocarbon. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm phenol yog oxidation ceev, uas ua rau kom ceev aging ntawm cov roj thiab tsim cov viscous resinous feem nyob rau hauv nws.

Tab sis txoj kev niaj hnub tshaj plaws thiab qhov kev ua tiav tshiab ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical yog kom tau txais phenol los ntawm benzene ncaj qha los ntawm oxidizing nws nrog nitrous oxide. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb adiabatic reactor uas muaj ib tug zeolite-muaj catalyst. Thawj nitrous oxide yog tau los ntawm oxidation ntawm ammonia nrog huab cua los yog los ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm adipic acid. Ntau precisely, los ntawm nws cov by-products tsim nyob rau hauv lub synthesis. Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj peev xwm tsim cov phenol purity siab nrog cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm impurities.

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