TU-144 - nres tsheb ntawm supersonic aviation

TU-144 - nres tsheb ntawm supersonic aviation
TU-144 - nres tsheb ntawm supersonic aviation

Video: TU-144 - nres tsheb ntawm supersonic aviation

Video: TU-144 - nres tsheb ntawm supersonic aviation
Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tu-144 tsis yog "thawj kos npe" ntawm supersonic neeg nrog caij dav hlau. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm thaj av ntawm Soviets ntawm Tsov Rog Txias era thiab nws cov txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntiaj teb. Tu-144, yuav luag ob zaug ntawm lub suab nrawm thiab ntau xyoo caum ua ntej ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tau cim qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm cov neeg caij aviation, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis tau los. Nws tsuas yog tus neeg sib tw hauv daim teb no - Anglo-Fabkis "Concorde" - raug kev txom nyem ntau dua fiasco.

Tu-144
Tu-144

Nyob rau hauv lub sixties, noob neej, tej zaum, yog tseem technologically thiab scientifically tsis npaj rau tej kev ua tau zoo. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb tau xyaum tsis paub dab tsi txog kev qaug zog hlau. Tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tw ntawm ob lub tshuab no tau nrog kev puas tsuaj tas mus li thiab ua tsis tiav ntawm ob sab.

Thaum nws paub txog kev sib koom tes Anglo-Fabkis los tsimIb qho tseem ceeb tshiab supersonic neeg nrog caij dav hlau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Soviet Union tau xob laim sai. Cov lus teb rau qhov project no yog ua tus Tu-144. "Concorde" raug xam rau lub nkoj caij nkoj ceev hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2200-2300 km / h. Lub Soviet counterpart xav kom dhau qhov ntsuas no, zoo li ntau lwm tus. Nikita Khrushchev tsis xav ua rau nws cov yeeb ncuab sab hnub poob hauv txhua yam.

Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev xav tau no tau tso siab rau Tupolev Design Bureau. Hom "TU-144" tau raug xa mus rau lub dav hlau tshiab, thiab Voronezh Aviation Plant tau koom nrog nws txoj kev tsim kho. Kev yug los ntawm lub hlwb tshiab ntawm Soviet aviation kev lag luam ua ntej Concorde thiab kev tshaj lij ntawm Soviet airliner hla Anglo-Fabkis dav hlau tau suav tias yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tsis muaj nyiaj tau tseg rau kev tsim kho ntawm Tu-144, raws li kev cai hauv USSR.

TSI-144
TSI-144

Txhua tus qauv tsim ntawm no cov noog hlau supersonic yog lub embodiment ntawm lub ci ntsa iab thiab kev thev naus laus zis lub tswv yim: nws pub lub workpiece mus rau lub tshuab CNC automated thiab ntawm cov zis tau txais ib feem loj ntawm lub fuselage lossis tis dav hlau. Automation, ntawm chav kawm, tsis poob, tab sis nrog rau txoj kev no, rau qee qhov laj thawj, lawv tsis nco qab tias rau cov khoom lag luam ib nrab ntawm qhov loj loj, ingots ntawm qhov tsim nyog teev kuj xav tau. Lawv yog ib qho nyuaj rau cam khwb cia, uas ua rau cov tsim ntawm lub zos inhomogeneities, txawv teb chaws inclusions thiab defects uas tsis muaj zog hlau.

Tej zaum qhov no yuav tsis phem yog tias nws tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tshuab. Tom qab tag nrho, lub TU-144 aircraft yuav tsum tau kov yeej lub suab barrier, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv colossal.overload. Piv txwv li, nws cov neeg sib tw thev naus laus zis Concorde, tom qab tsis yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev tshaj plaws, tis pib poob rau hauv kev ya davhlau. Thiab nws tsis tau siv sij hawm ntev los xyuas seb yog vim li cas. Nws dhau ntau yam kev xeem zoo kawg nkaus. Xws li nyob rau hauv lub pas dej sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev kub siab heev. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsuas yog txiav tawm.

Davhlau Tu-144
Davhlau Tu-144

Txog tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim rau TU-144. Tom qab ua tiav cov qauv ua los ntawm cov hlau tuab tuab, nyias (txog li ob millimeters) lintels tseem nyob hauv qee qhov chaw. Lawv raug torn lub sijhawm, tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav dhau mus tas li.

Thiab tsis tau, Tu-144 tseem ceeb tshaj lub Concorde ntawm kev pabcuam lub neej, txawm hais tias lub cim xeeb ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm lub tshuab no tseem khaws cia. Tej zaum qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog qhov kev puas tsuaj uas tshwm sim ntawm Le Bourget cua qhia xyoo 1973. Cov kev paub tsis tseem ceeb tau txais thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub tshuab no tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov dav hlau supersonic hnyav Tu-22M thiab Tu-160.

Thiab Tu-144s lawv tus kheej tau ua tiav hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog thaum nruab nrab-nineties: kev kawm txog lub plhaub ozone ntawm lub ntiaj teb, hnub ci eclipses, thiab lwm yam. Kaum peb lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa rau kev hloov kho ntawm lub tshuab no. - Tu-144D uas tseem tsis tau tawg.

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