2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
203-mm nws tus kheej-propelled phom 2S7 (khoom 216) belongs rau cov phom loj loj ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Siab. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, nws tau txais lub code lub npe - self-propelled phom "Peony". Cov duab hauv kab lus no qhia meej meej txog lub zog tag nrho ntawm cov riam phom no. Nws yog npaj los txwv riam phom nuclear thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov tob tob (txog li 47 km).
History of Creation
Kev tsim cov phom tus kheej Pion pib nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union xyoo 1967. Txoj haujlwm tau hais tias cov riam phom tshiab yuav tsum ua kom puas tsuaj hauv av, pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ntxiv dag zog, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab ntev-ntev phom loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, Pion 2S7 cov phom tus kheej tau tsim los ua "tus neeg yos hav zoov" rau cov cuab yeej siv phom sij thiab lwm yam kev xa tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob. Raws li txoj haujlwm, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog 25 km.
Thiab tam sim no, ob xyoos tom qab, tawm ntawm ob peb txoj haujlwm tau npaj tseg, Pawg Thawj Coj tau xaiv txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Leningrad Kirov cog. Kev teeb tsa Pion tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm T-64 tank chassis nrog qhib lub log tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub xyooCov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau raug tsim los tsim riam phom tshiab. Yog vim li cas yog qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag Volgograd "Barrikada", uas tau nthuav tawm lawv qhov project ntawm lub dav hlau qhib nws tus kheej-propelled artillery mount raws li cov khoom 429. Yog li ntawd, Ministry of Defense txiav txim siab los muab cov kev txhim kho no, thiab 203-mm self-propelled phom "Pion" raug xa mus rau lub chassis tshiab. Qhov kev teeb tsa artillery no muaj kev tua ntau txog li 32 km nrog cov mos txwv zoo sib xws thiab mus txog 42 km nrog cov nqi siv hluav taws xob. Ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom ntev yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias thaum, nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1971, GRAU tau pom zoo hloov kho cov kev cai rau cov yam ntxwv kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub system tsim. Cov kws tshaj lij tau hais kom ua haujlwm tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv phom tshwj xeeb los ntawm ZVB2 B-4 howitzer nrog tib lub caliber. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws tua ntau yam ntawm cov pa 110-kilogram shells tau teem rau ntawm 35 km, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lav tsis pub muaj ricochet-dawb yog 8.5 km. Qhov deb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua nrog tshwj xeeb active-reactive mos txwv yog 40-43 km. Tag nrho cov kev hloov no tau poob rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm tus tsim tawm tseem ceeb ntawm Pion 2S7 tus kheej-propelled phom - Design Bureau No. 3 ntawm Kirov Cog, coj los ntawm N. S. Popov.
Creating a tool
Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag Barrikady, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tus tsim qauv G. I. Sergeev, tab tom tsim cov phom loj ntawm Pion tus kheej-propelled phom. Volgograd tsim lub taub hau raws li lub tswv yim classical, tab sis nrog ntau tus nta. Piv txwv li, lub thoob khib nyiab los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem (monoblock yog suav tias yog classictsim). Nws muaj xws li ib tug breech, ib tug pivot yeeb nkab, ib tug coupling, bushing thiab casing. Tus sau ntawm tus tsim no yog tus engineer ntawm Obukhov cog A. A. Kolokoltsev, uas tsim nws nyob rau hauv lub seventies ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem tsuas yog piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej ua tub rog muaj zog heev (uas yog Pion) raug coj mus rau qhov ceev heev ntawm cov phom phom ntawm lub thoob thaum tua. Yog li ntawd, monoblocks uas tau dhau los ua tsis tau yuav tsum raug xa mus rau lub Hoobkas hloov pauv, uas yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov no ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no ntev. Collapsible chim kuj raug coj mus sai, txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem hloov pauv yog qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev cob qhia cov phom loj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam pem hauv ntej, nws tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab yooj yim heev.
Vajtswv ntawm Tsov Rog nrog lub tsev so nuclear
Nov yog lub npe menyuam yaus lub pob zeb tshiab tau txais thaum xyoo 1975 nws tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Leningrad cog. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tam sim txaus siab rau cov phom uas siv tus kheej tshiab. Thiab tom qab ib tug series ntawm Hoobkas thiab teb kev ntsuam xyuas, tus kws tshaj lij commission muab lub mus-tom ntej rau nws saws mus rau hauv kev pab cuam thiab tso rau hauv loj ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thawj daim ntawv nkag mus rau cov tub rog. Cov tub rog tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb tau nruab nrog cov riam phom tshiab, thiab lawv tau npaj los tawm tsam thiab tshem tawm cov phom loj, riam phom nuclear, mortars, cov cuab yeej hnyav, kev thauj mus los, yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov lus txib. Yim xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1983xyoo, Pion installation underwent thawj modernization. Cov qauv tshiab tau txais lub npe code - "Malka". GRAU Performance index tseem zoo li qub, tsuas yog nrog qhov sib ntxiv: "M" -2S7M. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias Soviet engineers tau ua ntej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm nrog lawv txoj kev loj hlob, vim hais tias yuav luag 40 xyoo dhau los txij li kev tso tawm thawj Pion, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm qhov seem mus rau niaj hnub no lub zog tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav-tom qab artillery. installation nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, ntau tshaj 300 units ntawm riam phom no tau tsim txij li xyoo 1975. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, ntau complexes xaus rau txawv teb chaws, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR. Raws li Ministry of Defense, raws li xyoo 2010, cov tub rog Lavxias muaj 130 Pion tus kheej-propelled phom. Yuav kom nkag siab txog dab tsi ua rau qhov no artillery system tshwj xeeb thiab yog vim li cas, txawm tias qhov tseeb ntawm hom riam phom ntev, niaj hnub armament ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog muaj xws li cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ib tug bygone era, cia saib nyob rau hauv lub technical yam ntxwv ntawm lub installation.
Kev piav qhia ntawm tus tsim ntawm Pion artillery complex
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, Pion rab phom tus kheej tau tsim nrog qhib txiav, uas yog, raws li lub tswv yim turretless. Cov cuab yeej teeb tsa tau muab tso rau hauv lub nraub qaum ntawm kab ntsig chassis. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug tswj compartment, ces muaj ib tug engine- kis tau tus mob compartment, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug xam compartment thiab kaw lub conning pej thuam. Lub armored hull muaj qhov txawv txav heev - lub cockpit nqa deb rau pem hauv ntej ua haujlwm ntxiv rau qhov hnyav.phom. Kev saib xyuas ntawm Pion artillery mount yog ua los ntawm ib pab neeg ntawm kaum plaub tus neeg, xya ntawm lawv yog cov neeg coob ntawm cov phom tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm stowed, cov neeg coob nyob rau hauv lub xam thiab tswj compartments, thiab cov seem xya tus neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tsheb thauj khoom los yog armored neeg ua hauj lwm nqa.
Ib rab phom muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm 203 mm caliber (2A44), hnyav 14.6 tons, yog ntsia rau hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseeb tias rab phom tau tsim collapsible, nws muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Piv txwv li, kev tsim kho tsis kam siv lub muzzle nres tau muab lub muzzle nthwv dej ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev suav. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tseg kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam. Cov phom 203-mm yog nruab nrog lub piston-ua haujlwm thawb-rub breech. Nws qhib thiab kaw cia ua tsaug rau lub tshuab tsav, thaum nws muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov haujlwm no hauv phau ntawv hom. Nyob rau hauv Pion tus kheej-propelled phom, shells yog pub nrog reloading tom ntej siv ib tug tshwj xeeb saw loading mechanism uas ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua lub kaum sab xis ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Xws li kev tsim qauv tsim ua rau nws ua tau kom txo tau lub sij hawm rov qab, yog li ua kom qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov nyuaj.
Power unit thiab chassis ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom
Lub zog tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled artillery mount nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug V-46-1 kaum ob-lub tog raj kheej V-zoo li tus diesel hwj chim unit nruab nrog ib tug turbocharging system. Lub zog ntawm lub cav yog 750 hp. Nrog. Kev siv lub zog nochav tsev tso cai rau 46-tuj tus kheej-propelled rab phom kom ceev mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 50 km / h. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub complex, ib qho ntxiv diesel generator nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 24 litres tau nruab rau hauv lub cav compartment. Nrog. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lub iav bevel thiab onboard gearboxes tau txais los ntawm T-72. Yog li, chav tsev nws tus kheej muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob xa mus nrog yim nrawm thiab ib-theem onboard nrog txo qis zog.
Nyob rau hauv lub iav khiav ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cev, muaj xya txoj kev log nrog lub torsion-hom ncua kev kawm ntawv nruab nrog ib tug neeg thaiv hydraulic shock absorbers. Ntau lub chassis yog qiv los ntawm T-80. Qhov tseeb, lub hauv qab ntawm Pion tus kheej-propelled phom yog ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm lub chassis ntawm T-80 tank, txawm lub log tsav yog pem hauv ntej-mounted.
Kev thauj khoom ntawm rab phom yog ua los ntawm lub console tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv ntawm cov plhaub tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tsheb ib leeg-qag tes. Thaum taw tes rab phom, siv tshuab thiab electro-hydraulic drives. Tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm Pion artillery system yog ib thiab ib nrab txhaj tshuaj ib feeb. Kev teeb tsa muab cov kev tua hluav taws hauv qab no: 8 txhaj tshuaj hauv 5 feeb; 15 txhaj tshuaj hauv 10 feeb; 24 txhaj tshuaj hauv 20 feeb; 30 txhaj tshuaj hauv 30 feeb thiab 40 txhaj tshuaj hauv ib teev. Nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv nws lub Upper thiab qis qhov chaw yog hydropneumatic recoil mechanisms. Lub recoil ntev ntawm rab phom yog kwv yees li 1400 mm. Muab lub hwj chim loj heevinstallation, engineers tau muab kev qhia tshwj xeeb, uas nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm lub cev. Lawv raug ntsia tam sim ua ntej tua hauv av, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau them rov qab lub zog rov qab tau zoo heev, lub tshuab bulldozer-hom coulter tau teeb tsa rau hauv qab ntawm lub cev. Nws yog hydraulically tswj. Thaum tua hluav taws, qhov qhib qhov tob tob rau hauv av mus rau qhov tob txog li 700 hli, yog li muab kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau chav tsev tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau nqus lub zog rov qab, cov neeg tsim qauv tau muab cov txheej txheem rau kev thaiv cov hydraulic shock absorber ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub ntsiab khiav rollers, nrog rau txo qis cov lus qhia log.
Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov txheej txheem rov ua haujlwm zoo heev, kev tua phom tuaj yeem nqa mus rau ntau yam ntawm lub hom phiaj. Yog li, lub kaum sab xis ntawm kab rov tav convergence yog 30 degrees, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntsug dav hlau - nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0 mus rau 60 degrees.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas raug tua tshwm sim los ntawm hauv av, kev suav yuav siv tau ob lub log tsheb, uas cov nqi thiab cov plhaub tau muab tso rau ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb tshem tawm stretcher. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm Pion artillery mount yog 40 lub plhaub ntawm cov khoom sib cais. Plaub ntawm lawv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tom qab thiab muab cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thaum lwm tus raug thauj los ntawm cov tsheb tshwj xeeb thiab muab tso rau hauv av thaum npaj cov phom tus kheej rau kev tua.
Armaments
Qhov ntau ntawm Pion mos txwv muaj ntau haiv neeg: 203-mm shells ZVOF42 thiab ZVOF43, fragmentation 30F43, nquagreactive high-explosive fragmentation ZOF44, ZVOF15 thiab ZVOF16 nrog fragmentation nqi nrog striking ntsiab 3-0-14. Cov khoom siv tub rog Pion tau nruab nrog D-726 txhua yam pom, K-1 collimator, thiab PG-1M panorama. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev pom ntxiv ntawm OP-4M hom yog muab, uas yog siv thaum tua hluav taws ncaj qha. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom thiab tib neeg, kev teeb tsa kuj tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov neeg coob: qhov no suav nrog cov caj npab me (plaub rab phom thiab rab phom phom), thiab RPG-7 tes tuav los tiv thaiv lub tank grenade launchers, Strela-2 MANPADS, as well as F-1 grenades.
riam phom nuclear thiab tiv thaiv
Pion artillery phom tus kheej-propelled muaj peev xwm koom nrog hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siv riam phom nuclear. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov phom tua tus kheej muaj lub tshuab lim dej, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws, lub kaw lus kaw rau cov chaw nyob uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg coob thiab cov neeg coob los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm nuclear, bacteriological thiab tshuaj riam phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj, chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua thiab cov cuab yeej pom kev hmo ntuj. Txhawm rau xa qhov kev tawm tsam atomic rau cov yeeb ncuab, Pion rab phom tus kheej tuaj yeem siv cov foob pob hluav taws tshwj xeeb nrog tus nqi nuclear. Kev siv cov plhaub zoo li no tsuas yog ua tau yog tias muaj kev txiav txim tsim nyog los ntawm cov lus txib siab dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mos txwv yog xa mus rau lub firing txoj hauj lwm los ntawm tshwj xeeb chaw cia khoom raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug guarded convoy. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear yog tsim los rhuav tshem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw tsim khoom loj, cov chaw tsim khoom, pawgCov tub rog yeeb ncuab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov mos txwv no yog 18 km, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 30 km.
Tus kheej-propelled artillery mount 2S7M "Malka"
Nyob rau xyoo 1983, Tsim Lub Tsev Haujlwm No. 3 ntawm Kirov cog tau hloov kho Pion installation. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov qauv tshiab pib txawv ntawm nws cov thawj coj nrog cov khoom siv roj hmab chassis, ntxiv rau, lub chassis pib ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog ntau dua. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv txoj kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm, muaj peev xwm tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv hom tsis siv neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, engineers tau txhim kho qhov chaw thau khoom ntawm cov chaw taws teeb thiab hloov cov qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom. Cov nqi tshiab thiab mos txwv ntawm lub zog ntxiv tau nthuav tawm, thiab cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub plhaub tau nce mus rau yim units. Cov mos txwv tshiab suav nrog cov foob pob hluav taws ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaw lus tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm tas li tau teeb tsa rau ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom "Malka" nrog lub tshuab tsis siv neeg los kuaj xyuas lub xeev ntawm tag nrho cov subsystems tseem ceeb ntawm artillery mount.
Txhim kho lub chassis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov peev txheej ntawm motocross mus txog kaum txhiab kilometers. Ua tsaug rau modernization ntawm tej thaj chaw deb loading ntaus ntawv ntawm lub installation, cov txheej txheem no ua tau nyob rau hauv txhua lub kaum sab xis ntawm ntsug aiming. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm lub complex tau nce ntau heev (los ntawm 1.6 npaug) - mus txog 2.5 rounds ib feeb, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm firing tas li yog peb teev. Kev tswj hluav taws kub nrog kev txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg ua kom tau txaislub hom phiaj kev sib koom tes los ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj cua thiab xov tooj cua nrog lawv cov khoom siv tom ntej ntawm cov ntsuas digital ntawm tus neeg tua phom thiab tus thawj coj cov cuab yeej, thaum cov kev taw qhia nws tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv kev hloov pauv huab cua. Cov mos txwv tshiab thauj khoom suav nrog cov foob pob hluav taws ua haujlwm nrog kev sib tua ntawm 55 km, nrog rau cov khoom siv siab thiab cov phom tiv thaiv tank nrog ramjet xyaw.
Hnub no, Pion thiab Malka tus kheej-propelled phom muaj lub peev xwm loj rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntxiv, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li lub sijhawm thiab siv riam phom niaj hnub hauv lawv cov arsenal, suav nrog riam phom tactical thiab precision.
St. Petersburg: Artillery Museum
Lub tsev haujlwm no tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1703 los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Peter the Great ua Zeikhgauz - qhov chaw khaws cov phom loj uas xav paub thiab nco txog. Cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav tau coj tuaj ntawm no los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Tom qab ntawd, lwm yam riam phom, banners, ris tsho hnav ris tsho, nrog rau cov raug ntes, tau ntxiv rau qhov nthuav tawm. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm artillery tau hloov lub npe hu ua Memorial Hall, thiab nws tau muab tso rau ntawm Foundry Yard. Thiab tsuas yog txij li xyoo 1869 lub tsev haujlwm no tau pib ua neej nyob thiab txhim kho. Xyoo no, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Artillery tau txais ntawm nws qhov pov tseg ib feem ntawm lub tsev Kronverk, cov tub rog keeb kwm khaws cia nyob ntawm no. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet Union, xyoo 1963, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau txais cov nyiaj ntawm Central Historical Military Engineering Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws suav nrog Tub Rog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Lus.
Cov neeg tuaj saib tau raug caw kom paub txog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau riam phom hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm 55 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, txij li xyoo pua kaum plaub mus rau niaj hnub no. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm tus kheej riam phom ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg imperial, cov thawj coj zoo, cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, khoom plig ua tub rog, cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws, qauv ntawm cov fortifications thiab fortresses, thiab ntau ntxiv. Ib qho kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb nthuav tawm cov phom loj Lavxias, suav nrog cov qauv kev sim ntawm cov phom los ntawm Shuvalov, Nartov thiab lwm tus.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog Keeb Kwm ntawm Artillery, Engineers thiab Signal Corps muaj ib qho ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom los ntawm Western European lub teb chaws ntawm XV-XVII centuries nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 2006, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib ib tug tshiab nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, Renaissance, thiab thaum ntxov Niaj hnub nimno. Cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus zoo siab tuaj xyuas Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Artillery. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Kronverk, niaj hnub hom riam phom ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog tau nthuav tawm, xws li Topol RS-12M intercontinental lub tswv yim hauv av-based mobile missile system thiab ntau lwm tus.. Cov qhua tuaj yeem tsis tsuas saib, tab sis kuj kov lawv nrog lawv txhais tes, thaij duab ntawm ib sab ntawm cov neeg loj heev, uas yog tus lav peb lub teb chaws kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev nkag mus sab nraud. Tom qab tag nrho, cov menyuam kawm ntawv feem ntau muaj kev paub zoo nrog cov riam phom xws li phom tus kheej, tso tsheb hlau luam, cov neeg ua haujlwm armored, cov phom loj, uas lawv tau txais los ntawm kev ua si hauv computer thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv TV. Pom lawv nrog lawv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag, hnov lub hwj chim ntawm lawv tej cuab yeej cuab tam thiab phom, lawv yuav mus ib txhisimbued nrog kev hwm tsis tsuas yog rau cov tub rog txoj haujlwm, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg tsim qauv tsim cov tshuab zoo. Nws yuav txaus siab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas cov festivals ntawm kev ua tub rog-keeb kwm reenactment, thiab ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Silhouette Historical Fencing Club, uas niaj hnub tuav hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Yog li kev paub tsis nco qab rau cov neeg tuaj saib hauv tsev cia puav pheej yog lav!
Pom zoo:
Cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj yog Lub tswv yim, cov cai rau kev sau npe thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj. 402-FZ "Rau Accounting". Tshooj 9. Cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb
Kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag thiab txiav txim siab txog se. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau kho cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lag luam me uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv ywj pheej yuav tsum paub txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim, tsim, txav, khaws cov ntaub ntawv
Muag cov nuj nqis rau cov neeg sau. Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muag cov nuj nqis ntawm cov koom haum raug cai thiab cov tib neeg los ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj rau cov neeg sau: qauv
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau lub ntsiab lus no, feem ntau koj yuav dhau qhov qiv nyiaj thiab tib yam tshwm sim rau koj ib yam li nrog cov nuj nqis feem ntau - muag ntawm cov nuj nqis. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum thov qiv nyiaj, koj, sim coj cov nyiaj hauv koj txhais tes kom sai li sai tau, tsis xav txog nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm daim ntawv cog lus
Sau-tawm ntawm cov nyiaj tau los hauv kev sau se: txheej txheem sau tawm, kev sau npe raug thiab ua piv txwv nrog cov qauv
Kev sau-tawm ntawm cov nyiaj tau txais yog txheej txheem txheej txheem hauv lub neej ntawm txhua lub koom haum. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog nws, nws txoj kev txiav txim thiab yog vim li cas rau kev coj nws. Nws yog qhov kev paub no uas yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Kab lus yuav qhia txog cov txheej txheem
Artillery reconnaissance. Roj teeb ntawm kev tswj thiab artillery reconnaissance
Cov kab lus tham txog hom tub rog xws li kev tshawb nrhiav cov phom loj, nrog rau cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov koog no
Yam koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij: cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov cai, cov cai thiab kev cai lij choj. Cov lus teb thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tavxij, cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom
Raws li ntau tus neeg caij tsheb, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus tsav tsheb tavxij yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Koj zaum, mloog suab paj nruag zoo nkauj thiab tsav tsheb rov qab los. Thiab lawv muab nyiaj rau koj. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog sab nraud ntawm lub npib. Qhov rov qab yog ntau dua rosy. Peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kab lus no. Thiab peb tseem yuav qhia txog yam koj xav tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij