SAU "Hyacinth". Self-propelled artillery installation 2S5 "Hyacinth": specifications thiab duab
SAU "Hyacinth". Self-propelled artillery installation 2S5 "Hyacinth": specifications thiab duab

Video: SAU "Hyacinth". Self-propelled artillery installation 2S5 "Hyacinth": specifications thiab duab

Video: SAU
Video: Xim xaus kho siab - Giàng A Nam 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim
sau hyacinth
sau hyacinth

Ntau tus neeg uas txaus siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua tub rog, tau tsim rau lawv tus kheej ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas cov phom phom phom loj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas twb muaj lawm tau dhau los ua qhov tsis lees paub. Thiab qhov tseeb: nws yuav zoo li, vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum tau thaum lub foob pob hluav taws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua? Siv koj lub sijhawm, nws tsis yooj yim li.

Qhov tseeb yog tias cov phom loj loj yog pheej yig dua los tsim thiab ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev siv cov projectiles nrog optical-laser kev taw qhia ("Kitolov-2"), nws muaj peev xwm (ntawm ib txwm nyob deb, ntawm chav kawm) uas qhia tsis muaj tsawg impressive tau tshaj missiles nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Peb kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv cov nqi me me atomic. Hauv kev tsov rog loj, qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau zoo heev.

Yog li no, hnub no peb yuav tham txog Hyacinth tus kheej-propelled phom - ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm chav kawm no.

Backstory

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, cov phom loj ntawm tus kheej tau ua pov thawj tias muaj zog thiabriam phom txaus ntshai, muaj qhov uas feem ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev pom zoo ntawm ib lossis lwm sab ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Lawv cov nqi tau qis dua li ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, pheej yig thiab tsis zoo heev armored tsheb tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb ncuab hnyav hnyav. Rau peb lub teb chaws, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, thaum cov khoom siv tub rog tsis txaus, thiab nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim thiab pheej yig dua li ntau li ntau tau.

Xyaum txhua qhov kev faib phom motorized ntawm USSR nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog tau nruab nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom rau tus kheej ntawm kev sib xyaw. Txhua lub tsheb tub rog phom loj muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, uas tau sawv cev los ntawm lub roj teeb SU-76. Qhov sib faib ntawm lwm yam riam phom, uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, tau nce zuj zus.

Txhua rab phom uas tus kheej tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog npaj los txhawb kev tawm tsam infantry hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, cov lus qhuab qhia tub rog tau nce ntxiv rau kev siv phom tus kheej nrog lossis siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Nyob rau xyoo 50-60, lub luag haujlwm ntawm rab phom tus kheej tau poob tas li. Feem ntau cov lus nug tshwm sim txog qhov ua tiav ntawm lawv cov kev tsim khoom thiab kev hloov ntawm hom riam phom nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog li, los ntawm nruab nrab-60s, tsawg heev qauv tshiab ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom tau tsim. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv tau ua raws li qub tank chassis los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, nruab nrog cov tub rog tshiab.

hyacinth nrog
hyacinth nrog

Kev lag luam poob qis

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Nikita Khrushchev, ib tug passionate kiv cua ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij riam phom,tau tso cai yuav luag tag nrho kev tsim kho riam phom phom nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Vim li no, peb tau lagged qab peb cov neeg tawm tsam rau ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo. Keeb kwm rov rau txim rau lub USSR rau qhov no miscalculation: twb nyob rau hauv lub 60s nws tau paub meej tias tus nqi ntawm cov phom loj loj tseem nyob rau tib theem. Qhov no tau pom tseeb tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv Suav teb, tom qab ntawd Tus Tuav Haujlwm General tau hloov kho nws cov kev xav txog qhov teeb meem no.

Tom qab ntawd cov Kuomintang tau siv tag nrho cov roj teeb ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas cov neeg ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab pib ua kom zoo rau thaj chaw ntawm Tuam Tshoj av loj. Cov Suav thiab peb cov kws pab tswv yim ua tub rog pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm tsis xis nyob heev. Lawv muaj phom M-46 nrog lub caliber ntawm 130 mm, tab sis lawv lub plhaub tsis ncav cuag tus yeeb ncuab lub roj teeb, txawm tias muaj cua ncaj ncees. Ib tug ntawm cov kws pab tswv yim Soviet tau tawm tswv yim txog kev daws teeb meem: txhawm rau ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los ua kom sov lub plhaub kom zoo!

Ob tog ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb xav tsis thoob, tab sis kev txais tos tau ua tiav. Nws yog rooj plaub no uas tau ua lub zog rau txoj kev loj hlob xyoo 1968 ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom "Hyacinth". Nws tsim tau tso siab rau cov kws tshaj lij Perm.

Cov lus qhia ua haujlwm

Vim tias txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom tiav sai li sai tau, kev txhim kho tau mus rau ob qho kev qhia ib zaug. Cov kws tshaj lij tau ua haujlwm ob qho tib si hauv kev tsim cov phom rau tus kheej thiab cov phom (indexes "C" thiab "B", feem). Lub Tuam Txhab Tseem Ceeb ntawm Artillery tam sim ntawd muab cov npe 2A36 thiab 2A37 rau cov tsheb no. Lawv qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog ballistics tshwj xeeb xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau Hyacinth tus kheej-propelled phom. 152 hli -ib tug zoo caliber, tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub hais tias lub Soviet Army tsis muaj lwm yam mos txwv ntawm ib tug zoo xws li cov caliber uas yuav siv tau los ntawm cov self-propelled phom.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Nyob rau hauv Perm, ib chav tsev artillery tau tsim ncaj qha, hauv Yekaterinburg lub chassis tau tsim, thiab ntawm NIMI lub koom haum, cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws tau xav txog kev tsim cov mos txwv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab ke no. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1969, ob versions ntawm cov tshiab self-propelled phom tau npaj rau kev txiav txim siab los ntawm cov commission: nyob rau hauv lub txiav thiab ntauwd version. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob tau pom zoo. Xyoo 1970, tsoomfwv tau pib ua haujlwm puv ntoob ntawm Hyacinth tus kheej-propelled phom. Twb yog thaum pib ntawm 1971, thawj 152 hli caliber phom tau nthuav tawm rau "lub tsev hais plaub pej xeem", tab sis vim tsis muaj lub plhaub, kev tua raug ncua.

artillery mount hyacinth
artillery mount hyacinth

Cov neeg ua haujlwm Hyacinth C muaj tsib tus neeg. Ntawm txoj kev loj, lub tsheb tuaj yeem txav ntawm qhov nrawm mus txog 60 km / h, kev caij nkoj yog li 500 km. Lub hull yog ua los ntawm armor daim hlau (aluminium alloys) 30 mm tuab los ntawm vuam. Cov ris tsho zoo li no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv txaus rau cov neeg coob txawm tias los ntawm cov phom tshuab hnyav, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua, nws yuav tsum xav txog qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb hauv av tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo.

Ntxiv rau, qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa "Hyacinth C" yog nws qhov hluav taws kub tsawg - tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib txhaj tshuaj ib feeb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov khoom ntawm lub plhaub yog nqa tawm manually, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, kev xam tej zaum yuav tsuas tau nkees, uas yog txawm ntau.txo cov efficiency ntawm xws li loading. Thiab ib qho ntxiv - muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub caij ntuj no hauv tsev, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob ntawm tus cwj pwm txias ntawm cov tub rog mus rau ib rab phom qhib uas tsis tau them los ntawm tus pej thuam. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Chechen lub sij hawm "txias", muaj mob frostbite ntawm Hyacinth crews.

Ib qho kev zam txim rau cov neeg tsim khoom yog qhov tseeb tias rab phom tus kheej no tau npaj tseg thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias. Yooj yim muab tso, nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua hauv Western Europe, qhov chaw kub qis dua 7-8 degrees Celsius tsis tshua pom nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tsawg kawg yog BMP-1, tsim los rau tib lub sijhawm, deb ntawm nws tus kheej hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv Afghanistan (txawm tias yog vim li cas sib txawv).

hyacinth sau photo
hyacinth sau photo

Power cog thiab chassis

Lub cav chav tsev nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm rooj plaub. Lub zog cog yog sawv cev los ntawm V-shaped V-59 lub cav, V-shaped nrog lub zog ntawm 520 hp. Lub peculiarity yog hais tias nws yog teem nyob rau hauv ib daim nrog ib tug ob-kab kis tau tus mob. Cov phom commander lub compartment yog nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub cav. Tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus thawj coj lub cupola yog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hull. Lub plhaub yog nyob rau hauv ntsug stacking.

Lub chassis siv hauv lub tshuab no yeej zoo ib yam li siv los tsim cov phom Acacia tus kheej. Txij li thaum lub tsev self-propelled yog ib hom qhib, rab phom yog mounted openly. Qhov no feature ua rau nws ua taulub tsheb luv me ntsis. Txij li thaum Hyacinth artillery mount yog me me (nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau analogues), nws yog yooj yim rau thauj los ntawm huab cua.

Thaum pib nws yuav tsum muab lub tsheb tshiab nrog PKT tshuab rab phom, tab sis qhov kev xaiv no tsis tau txais. Tom qab ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, nws tau coj mus rau qhov project thib ob. Los ntawm 1972, tej yaam num ntawm ob hom "Hyacinth" nrog ib tug nyias lub tes tsho loading txoj kev twb thaum kawg npaj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug variant nrog cap nqi raug tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xaiv no yeej tsis tau dhau mus dhau sketches. Cov phom ntawm tus kheej-propelled "Hyacinth" twb tau mus nyob rau hauv 1976, thiab saturation ntawm cov tub rog nrog cov khoom tshiab pib tam sim ntawd.

Sib ntaus sib tua "khiav-hauv" cov cuab yeej tshiab tau txais hauv Afghanistan, thiab cov tub rog tam sim ntawd tau muab lub zog rau tus kheej no ntau tus yam ntxwv zoo. Lawv tau txais kev qhuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov phiaj xwm muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem siv tau los ua kom puas lub fortifications muaj zog ntawm cov Taliban. Hauv qee qhov chaw, rab phom 152-mm "Hyacinth" nws tus kheej tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Genocide", uas hais txog nws lub zog sib ntaus sib tua.

yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom

artillery riam phom
artillery riam phom

Tus tsim ntawm 2A37 cannon yog tus qauv zoo: lub raj monoblock, lub breech thiab lub muzzle nres, uas tsis tuaj yeem muab faib nrog nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws caliber. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws belongs rau hom slots. Lub shutter yog semi-automatic, dov hom nrog kab rov tav skew. Lub phom yog nruab nrog hydraulic hom recoil damping nres, nrog rau lub knurler (pneumatic), qhov peculiarity ntawm uas yog tias nws lub tog raj kheej yob rov qab ua ke.nrog qia. Qhov me me recoil yog 730 hli, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog 950 hli.

Ib lub saw-hom rammer ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ob kauj ruam: ua ntej nws xa ib qhov projectile mus rau hauv lub breech, thiab tsuas yog tom qab nws los txog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cartridge. Sector lifting thiab tig mechanisms yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg coob. Lub cannon tau qhib lub tshuab yooj yim tshaj plaws, cov cuab yeej uas tshem tawm yuav luag txhua qhov kev puas tsuaj loj.

Lwm yam nta

Hauv cheeb tsam kab rov tav, rab phom tuaj yeem tsom hauv 30 °. Kev taw qhia ntsug muaj peev xwm - los ntawm -2.5 ° txog 58 °. Cov phom raug kaw nrog ib daim ntaub thaiv npog uas muaj zog tiv thaiv cov neeg coob ntawm lub tsheb los ntawm cov mos txwv, shrapnel thiab cov shocks uas tshwm sim thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm. Cov ntaub thaiv npog yog tsim los ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws stamping los ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm armored steel. Cia peb nco qab ib zaug ntxiv tias "Hyacinth" yog ib rab phom ntawm tus kheej. Cov duab qhia nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo. Qhov no feature ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog vim lub fact tias nws tsis yog npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ncaj qha nrog cov yeeb ncuab.

Sights yog sawv cev los ntawm ib qho yooj yim txhua yam pom D726-45, teem nrog ib rab phom panorama PG-1M. Qhov pom qhov muag pom OP4M-91A yog npaj rau kev tsom mus ze dua thiab pom tseeb lub hom phiaj. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 10,800 kg.

sau hyacinth 152 mm
sau hyacinth 152 mm

Qhia txog lub chassis thiab mos txwv

txhawm rau koom ua ke ntawm lub chassis ntawm 2S5 "Hyacinth" phom tus kheej, nws tau tsim los ntawm tib lub hauv paus raws li 2S3 "Acacia" phom tus kheej. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Akatsiya, tag nrho cov mos txwv yog muab tso rau hauv lub hull, tab sis lub plhaub yog pub rau rab phom manually. Sab nraum, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tshuab, ib tug loj stabilizer phaj txuas. Nws leans rau hauvav thaum tua hluav taws, muab lub installation tsim nyog stability.

Yog vim li cas cov phom tus kheej "Hyacinth" hauv txoj cai tsis tuaj yeem tua ntawm kev txav mus los. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm txheej txheem rau kev nqa lub installation los ntawm kev mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsuas yog plaub feeb xwb, yog li qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom tus kheej no yog siab heev. Qhov no tus kheej-propelled cannon yog heev manoeuvrable, tso cai rau ceev ceev nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Tsis txhob hnov qab cov khoom siv khawb hauv built-in. Siv nws, cov neeg coob tuaj yeem faus lub tsheb hauv av hauv ob peb feeb xwb.

Koj yuav tsum paub tias thaum xub thawj VOF39 qhov projectile, uas muaj tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm 80.8 kg, tau ua cov mos txwv qauv. OF-29 (46 kg) nqi, uas siv yuav luag tsib kilograms ntawm ib tug muaj zog explosive A-IX-2, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv nws. Lub fuse yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws (kev cuam tshuam) B-429. Ib me ntsis tom qab, cov neeg tsim khoom tsim ZVOF86 txhaj tshuaj, uas, thaum ua ke nrog OF-59 projectile, tuaj yeem siv los ntaus cov hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb txog li 30 km.

Cov mos txwv ib txwm muaj xws li peb lub kaum ob ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub tes tsho, thiab ntawm lawv muaj cov kev txhaj tshuaj tshiab nrog kev txhim kho aerodynamic zoo li qub, nrog rau lub plhaub nrog lub zog laser homing.

Nuclear Paj

Feem ntau, qhov no tsis tau tshaj tawm ntau dhau hauv peb cov xov xwm. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, cov lus ceeb toom tau ntev dhau los tias Hyacinth tus kheej-propelled phom tuaj yeem siv cov nqi hluav taws xob nrog lub zog txog li 0.1-2 kT. Nws yog lub npe hu tias niaj hnub no tag nrho cov shells tshiab nrog ib tug caliber ntawm 152 mm yog tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws rau"Hyacinth". Ib qho ntawm qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog 3-0-13 pawg projectile, thiab muaj cov phiaj xwm los tsim cov kev taw qhia tus kheej rau nws. Cov phiaj xwm tsim los teeb tsa kev sib tw ua haujlwm, uas cuam tshuam loj lossis ua tsis tau rau cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws xob, saib zoo heev.

Tactical

Cov riam phom no yog tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau tua cov yeeb ncuab phom loj, rhuav tshem cov thawv thiab lwm qhov chaw tiv thaiv, rhuav tshem ntau yam yeeb ncuab cov lus txib (xws li hauv qab), nrog rau kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab cov tsheb hnyav hnyav. Raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, kev pom tso cai rau koj tua hluav taws ncaj qha (optical) thiab los ntawm qhov chaw kaw (qhov pom kev siv tshuab). Zoo li lwm yam phom loj thiab caj npab me me ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev, phom tus kheej tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv txhua qhov huab cua thiab huab cua.

phom tus kheej
phom tus kheej

Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no rab phom 2S5 yog kev coj ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom self-propelled rau niaj hnub no tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov phom ntev tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev, thiab hauv qhov no, Hyacinth tsuas yog thib ob rau Pion nrog nws 203 hli caliber.

Tsis zoo li cov kev teeb tsa zoo sib xws ntawm cov chav kawm no, Hyacinth artillery installation tsis raug xa mus rau ib lub tebchaws Warsaw Pact. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1991, tam sim ntawd tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, Finland tau txais 15 units. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tam sim no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv txaus rau ACS norau peb cov tub rog, tsis yog, thaum muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntawm kev txhim kho hauv cheeb tsam no tsis tau nres. Yog li, peb tsis paub ntau npaum li cas Hyacinth yuav cuam tshuam. Cov phom tus kheej ntawm tus qauv no yuav muaj tseeb nrog peb cov tub rog tau ntev heev.

Pom zoo: